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29-447: Burgundy ( / ˈ b ɜːr ɡ ən d i / BUR -gən-dee ; French: Bourgogne [buʁɡɔɲ] ; Burgundian : Bregogne ) is a historical territory and former administrative region and province of east-central France. The province was once home to the Dukes of Burgundy from the early 11th until the late 15th century. The capital, Dijon , was wealthy and powerful, being

58-766: A Glossaire du Morvan in 1878. Apart from songs dating from the eighteenth century, there is little surviving literature from before the nineteenth century. In 1854 the Papal Bull Ineffabilis Deus was translated into the Morvan dialect by the Abbé Jacques-François Baudiau, and into the Dijon dialect by the Abbé Lereuil. The Abbé Baudiau also transcribed storytelling. Folklorists collected vernacular literature from

87-656: A UNESCO World Heritage Site , is today the best-preserved Cistercian abbey in Burgundy. The Abbey of Vézelay, also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is still a starting point for pilgrimages to Santiago de Compostela . Cluny was almost totally destroyed during the French Revolution. During the Hundred Years' War , King John II of France gave the duchy to his youngest son, Philip the Bold . The duchy soon became

116-488: A "half-continental climate"). The regional council of Burgundy was the legislative assembly of the region, until its merger to form the regional council of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté . Burgundy is one of France's main wine-producing areas. It is well known for both its red and white wines, mostly made from Pinot noir and Chardonnay grapes, respectively, although other grape varieties can be found, including Gamay , Aligote , Pinot blanc , and Sauvignon blanc . The region

145-530: A major European centre of art and science, and of Western Monasticism . In early Modern Europe, Burgundy was a focal point of courtly culture that set the fashion for European royal houses and their court. The Duchy of Burgundy was a key in the transformation of the Middle Ages towards early modern Europe . Upon the 9th-century partitions of the Kingdom of Burgundy , the lands and remnants partitioned to

174-703: A major rival to the crown. The court in Dijon outshone the French court both economically and culturally. Phillip the Bold's grandson Philip the Good acquired Namur , Hainaut , Brabant , and Holland in modern Belgium and the Netherlands . In 1477, at the battle of Nancy during the Burgundian Wars , the last duke Charles the Bold was killed in battle, and the Duchy itself was annexed by France and became

203-624: A number of stories and monologues aimed at a tourist market; a collection was published in 1933 under the title Le Patois de Chez Nous. Alfred Guillaume published a large number of vernacular texts for use on picturesque postcards at the beginning of the twentieth century, and in 1923 published a book in Burgundian, L'âme du Morvan. More recently, Marinette Janvier published Ma grelotterie (1974) and Autour d'un teugnon (1989). Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire Saône-et-Loire ( French pronunciation: [sonelwaʁ] ; Arpitan : Sona-et-Lêre )

232-592: A province. However, the northern part of the empire was taken by the Austrian Habsburgs . With the French Revolution in the end of the 18th century, the administrative units of the provinces disappeared, but were reconstituted as regions during the Fifth Republic in the 1970s. The modern-day administrative region comprises most of the former duchy. In 2016, Burgundy and the historical region of Franche-Comté merged for administrative purposes into

261-590: Is Mâcon , with subprefectures in Autun , Chalon-sur-Saône , Charolles and Louhans . Its INSEE and postcode number is 71. When it was formed during the French Revolution , as of March 4, 1790 in fulfillment of the law of December 22, 1789, the new department combined parts of the provinces of southern Burgundy and Bresse , uniting lands that had no previous common history nor political unity and which have no true geographical unity. Thus its history

290-562: Is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in France . It is named after the rivers Saône and Loire , between which it lies, in the country's central-eastern part. Saône-et-Loire is Bourgogne-Franche-Comté's most populous department with a population of 551,493 as of 2019. It is also its southernmost department, as it is situated on the regional border with Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes . Saône-et-Loire's prefecture

319-531: Is divided into the Côte-d'Or , where the most expensive and prized Burgundies are found, and Beaujolais , Chablis , the Côte Chalonnaise and Mâcon . The reputation and quality of the top wines, together with the fact that they are often produced in small quantities, has led to high demand and high prices, with some Burgundies ranking among the most expensive wines in the world. With regard to cuisine,

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348-583: Is that of Burgundy, and is especially to be found in the local histories of Autun , Mâcon , Chalon-sur-Saône , Charolles and Louhans . Saône-et-Loire is the seventh largest department of France. It is part of the region Bourgogne-Franche-Comté . In the west, the department is composed of the hills of the Autunois , the region around Autun , in the southwest the Charollais , and the Mâconnais in

377-624: Is the better known of the two, later becoming the French province of Burgundy, while the County of Burgundy became the French province of Franche-Comté . Burgundy's modern existence is rooted in the dissolution of the Frankish Empire . In the 880s, there were four Burgundies: the Duchy , the County , and the kingdoms of Upper Burgundy and Lower Burgundy . During the Middle Ages , Burgundy

406-770: The Atlantic Ocean . The Canal du Centre links the Saône to the Loire between Chalon-sur-Saône and Digoin , thereby linking the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. In the east, the department occupies the northern part of the plain of Bresse. In the west, its industrial heart is in Le Creusot and Montceau-les-Mines , formerly noted for their coal mines and metallurgy. The most populous commune

435-535: The Dukes of Burgundy also brought Burgundian into contact with Dutch; e.g., the word for gingerbread couque derives from Middle Dutch kooke (cake). Dialects of the south along the Saône river, such as Brionnais-Charolais, have been influenced by the Arpitan language , which is spoken mainly in a neighbouring area that approximates the heartland of the original Kingdom of Burgundy . Eugène de Chambure published

464-513: The Kingdom of France were reduced to a ducal rank by King Robert II of France in 1004. The House of Burgundy , a cadet branch of the House of Capet , ruled over a territory that roughly conformed to the borders and territories of the modern administrative region of Burgundy. Upon the extinction of the Burgundian male line the duchy reverted to the King of France and the House of Valois . Following

493-628: The partition of the Burgundian heritage marked the beginning of the centuries-long French–Habsburg rivalry and played a pivotal role in European politics long after Burgundy had lost its role as an independent political identity. It is named for the Burgundians , an East Germanic people who moved westwards beyond the Rhine during the late Roman period. The name Burgundy has historically denoted numerous political entities. It first emerged in

522-472: The 9th century as one of the successors of the ancient Kingdom of the Burgundians , which after its conquest in 532 had formed a constituent part of the Frankish Empire . Since the inception of the French departmental system in 1790, Burgundy has referred to the geographic area comprising the four departments of Côte-d'Or , Saône-et-Loire , Yonne , and Nièvre . The first recorded inhabitants of

551-587: The Baltic island of Bornholm , settled in the western Alps. They founded the Kingdom of the Burgundians , which was conquered in the 6th century by another Germanic tribe, the Franks . Under Frankish dominion, the Kingdom of Burgundy continued for several centuries. Later, the region was divided between the Duchy of Burgundy (to the west) and the Free County of Burgundy (to the east). The Duchy of Burgundy

580-621: The area that was to become Burgundy were various tribes of Gallic Celts , the most prominent of which were the semi-republican Aedui , who were eventually incorporated into the Roman Empire following the Gaulish defeat in the Battle of Alesia . Gallo-Roman culture flourished during the Roman period. During the 4th century, the Burgundians , a Germanic people who may have originated on

609-630: The marriage of Philip of Valois and Margaret III of Flanders , the Duchy of Burgundy was absorbed into the Burgundian State alongside parts of the Low Countries which would become collectively known as the Burgundian Netherlands . Upon further acquisitions of the County of Burgundy , Holland , and Luxembourg , the House of Valois-Burgundy came into possession of numerous French and imperial fiefs stretching from

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638-582: The mid-nineteenth century and by the end of the century a number of writers were establishing an original literature. Achille Millien (1838–1927) collected songs from the oral tradition in the Nivernais. Louis de Courmont, nicknamed the " Botrel of the Morvan," was a chansonnier who after a career in Paris returned to his native region. A statue was erected to him in Château-Chinon . Emile Blin wrote

667-628: The most powerful princes in Europe and were sometimes called "Grand Dukes of the West". Through its possessions the Burgundian State was a major European centre of trade and commerce. The extinction of the dynasty led to the absorption of the duchy itself into the French crown lands by King Louis XI , while the bulk of the Burgundian possessions in the Low Countries passed to Duke Charles the Bold 's daughter, Mary , and her Habsburg descendants. Thus

696-472: The new region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté . The region of Burgundy is both larger than the old Duchy of Burgundy and smaller than the area ruled by the Dukes of Burgundy , from the modern Netherlands to the border of Auvergne . Today, Burgundy is made up of the old provinces: The climate of this region is essentially oceanic (Cfb in Köppen classification ), with a continental influence (sometimes called

725-759: The region is famous for Dijon mustard , Charolais beef , Bresse chicken , the Burgundian dishes coq au vin and beef bourguignon , and époisses cheese. Tourist sites of Burgundy include the Rock of Solutré , the Hospices de Beaune , the Ducal Palace in Dijon, and many Renaissance and mediaeval châteaus, castles, churches and abbeys. Earlier, the southeastern part of Burgundy was heavily industrial, with coal mines near Montceau-les-Mines and iron foundries and crystal works in Le Creusot . These industries declined in

754-466: The second half of the twentieth century. The local dialect is known as Burgundian (Bourguignon); it is an Oïl language similar to Standard French but with some Franco-Provençal and Dutch influence. Burgundian language (O%C3%AFl) The arrival of the Burgundians brought Germanic elements into the Gallo-Romance speech of the inhabitants. The occupation of the Low Countries by

783-551: The south. In the centre, the department is traversed from north to south by the Saône in its wide plain; the Saône is a tributary of the River Rhône that joins it at Lyon and thus is connected to the Mediterranean Sea . The source of the Loire , is south of the department, in the department of Ardèche . It then makes its way in the opposite direction, forming the southwest border of the department, and eventually draining into

812-526: The western Alps to the North Sea, in some ways reminiscent of the Middle Frankish realm of Lotharingia . The Burgundian State, in its own right, was one of the largest ducal territories that existed at the time of the emergence of early Modern Europe . It was regarded as one of the major western European powers of the 14th and 15th centuries. The Dukes of Burgundy were among the wealthiest and

841-506: Was home to some of the most important Western churches and monasteries , including those of Cluny , Cîteaux , and Vézelay . Cluny, founded in 910, exerted a strong influence in Europe for centuries. The first Cistercian abbey was founded in 1098 in Cîteaux. Over the next century, hundreds of Cistercian abbeys were founded throughout Europe, in a large part due to the charisma and influence of Bernard of Clairvaux . The Abbey of Fontenay ,

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