47-775: The Bodoland Territorial Region ( BTR ) is an autonomous division in Assam , India , and a proposed state in Northeast India . It is made up of five districts on the north bank of the Brahmaputra River below the foothills of Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh . It is administered by an elected body known as the Bodoland Territorial Council which came into existence under the terms of a peace agreement signed in February 2003 and its autonomy
94-519: A cabinet of 14 executive members each looking after a specific area of control. The Bodoland region is made up of five districts which are further subdivided into 10 Civil Subdivisions and 40 Development Blocks. The area and population of these districts has been estimated as follows: Under the terms of a peace agreement signed in January 2020, new districts will be created with the existing four districts reorganised into seven districts. The area of
141-587: A part of Bhutan , this region came under the control of Koch king Vishwa Singha in the early 16th century. Around 1562, the successor king Nara Narayan determined that the Meches and Koches peoples north of the newly constructed Gohain Kamal Ali could follow their indigenous customs whereas peoples to its south had to follow Hindu Brahmanical rites. After the split of the Koch kingdom and subsequent collapse of
188-542: A physical occupation. The Andaman and Nicobar Administration has stated that they have no intention of interfering with the Sentinelese's lifestyle or habitat. Although the island is likely to have suffered seriously from the effects of the December 2004 tsunami , the survival of the Sentinelese was confirmed when, some days after the event, an Indian government helicopter observed several of them, who shot arrows at
235-601: A slight majority. Bodoland will also have the right to autonomously be represented at national level sports and cultural events such as the National Games of India and the Khelo India Youth Games . The agreement also makes the Bodo language with Devnagri script an associate official language of Assam. The region is administered by an elected body known as the Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC) which
282-1044: Is 3.2 million out which the ST population is around 38% of which only 3% of the total population live in urban areas. The average density of the population in BTC is 326 per Sq.K.m. compared to 340 per Sq.K.m. of Assam. Amongst the ST/SC population Bodos, and others Indigenous tribes like Rabha, Sarania-Kachari, Modahi-Kachari and less quantity of Assamese speaking SC caste Kaibarta, Hira, Bania are inhabiting in this area. The other ethnic groups like Kamatapuri speaking Koch-Rajbanshi, Nath-Jogi, Kalita, Sutradhar are inhabiting in large part of BTC. Adivasi communities including Santhal , Oraon etc. are also available in sizeable numbers. Moreover, other general communities like ethnic Assamese Muslim like Garia, Maria and Deshi(Uzani) and large number of Bengali speaking Miya Muslim and Bengali Hindu people, Gorkha and few numbers of Hindi speaking people are also found in
329-406: Is a forest-grown entirely by local JFMC of 35 members with the help of Forest department of Assam. Spread across more than 6 km, the forest contains more than 1.4 million plus trees of over 35 varieties. A number of animals, birds and reptiles can also be spotted in the area. Visitors can trek through the trail in the forest and stay the night in their guest house. Baukungri hill trekking
376-586: Is an adventurous event held annually in Kokrajhar , Bodoland Territorial Council . It is organised every year on first day of the year according to the Bodo calendar which falls in mid April. Religions in Bodoland (2011) Bodos constitute the largest Tribal group in the region numbering around 1.2 million (31.5%) followed by Bangla-speaking Miya people , who form the largest minority group as per 2011 Census. The population of BTC area as per 2011 Census report
423-592: Is in the Northwestern part of Assam. Kokrajhar town the Administrative Head Quarter lies roughly between 26° 25' N latitude and 90° 16' 38'' E Longitude. Its strategic location is blessed with beautiful forests full of flora and fauna. The economy is largely agricultural based and is lagging behind in urbanization and development. The region is industrially backward with most of its population depending on agriculture for livelihood. Most of
470-567: Is not only a significant National Park of India but also an important migratory corridor for the elephant population of the entire Indo-Bhutan region. Manas is also included in the much ambitious plan nomenclature as Indian Rhino Vision −2020 (IRV-2020) since 2006, with the support of Govt. of Assam in collaboration with Wildlife Trust of India, (WTI) , Bodoland Territorial Council, WWF-India, International Rhino Foundation , and US Fish and Wildlife Service. Situated in Udalguri 's Bhairabkunda , it
517-528: Is situated in the island chain of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands which is a union territory of India. It is home to the Sentinelese people , who are among some of the world's last uncontacted peoples . They reject any contact with other people and are among the last people to remain virtually untouched by modern civilization. There has never been any treaty with the people of the island nor any record of
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#1732771850872564-619: The Constitution of India allows for the formation of Autonomous District Councils and Autonomous Regional Councils in Assam , Meghalaya , Mizoram , and Tripura , granting them autonomy within their respective territories. Currently, there are 10 Autonomous District Councils across these four states. In these areas, Acts of Parliament and state legislation do not apply. Additionally, other autonomous councils, created by individual states through state legislation, exist in Northeast India , Ladakh , and West Bengal . Unlike those under
611-611: The Government of India that a separate state (within the Indian Union) be created comprising the seven districts of Kokrajhar , Chirang , Baksa , Udalguri , Sonitpur , Lakhimpur and Dhemaji of Assam which have a significant Bodo population. On the other hand, it is also claimed as a sovereign state (complete independence from India) by the separatist insurgent group NDFB . Following an agreement in 1993, Bodoland became an autonomous administrative unit constituted under
658-487: The North Eastern Region of India , where one of the main students organization, All Bodo Students Union (ABSU), allied with National Democratic Front of Boroland – Progressive (NDFB-P) , National Democratic Front of Boroland – D.R. Nabla faction , People's Joint Action Committee for Boroland Movement (PJACBM) which is an amalgamation of over three dozen Bodo organisations and its supporters are demanding from
705-655: The Sixth Schedule area of the Constitution of India covering an area of 8,795 km administered by the Bodoland Autonomous Council. Following a further peace agreement, the Bodoland Territorial Council was formed in 2003, with a mission to accomplish development in the area of economic, education, preservation of land right, linguistic aspiration, socio-culture and ethnic identity of Bodos and above all to speed up
752-631: The Treaty of Punakha , effective until 1947. Below appears the text of the Treaty of Sinchula . On the 11th day of November, 1865 Treaty between His Excellency the Right Honourable Sir John Lawrence, G.C.B., K.S.I., Viceroy and Governor-General of Her Britannic Majesty's possessions in the East Indies, and the one part by Lieutenant Colonel Herbert Bruce, CB, by virtue of full powers to that effect vested in him by
799-660: The Bhutanese, in the form of incursions, raids, and violent opposition, beginning about 1688, to tax collection by the Ahoms. Eventually these clashes came to an end with a written agreement. Duars between Sankosh river and Manas River were collectively known as the Eastern Duars , those between Manas River and Barnadi River were collectively known as Kamrup Duars , and those between Barnadi River and Dhansiri River were collectively known as Darrang Duars . The duars to
846-721: The Council area. The Bodos have a distinct culture from the rest of the world, ranging from dance and music to festivals and attires. Football is popular in the region with clubs like Bodoland FC , competing in Durand Cup ; and United Chirang Duar FC playing in the fourth tier of Indian football, I-League 3 . Many clubs from the region also participate in the state football league. Autonomous administrative divisions of India In India, there are autonomously administered territories for Scheduled Tribes , administered by representatives of those tribes. The Sixth Schedule of
893-578: The Darrang region were alternately controlled by the Bhutanese and the Ahoms in an annual cycle. The Bhutanese control over these regions were via local authorities, not ethnic Bhutanese, who were appointed by Bhutanese provincial governors called Ponlops After the British took control of Ahom kingdom in 1826, they maintained the Ahom-Bhutan arrangement for a while but the payments made in kind and
940-664: The Governor of Assam from the unrepresented Communities. Thus there are altogether 46 members of the council, representing all communities of BTC Area known as Member of Council Legislative Assembly (MCLA). A new peace agreement was signed on 27 January 2020 between the Government of India and the Government of Assam on one side and the National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB), the All Bodo Students’ Union and United Bodo People's Organisation on
987-500: The Indo-Tibetan trade but also the commercial viability of Duars region for supporting tea plantations was well known among Company officials. The most significant of these was a "peace mission" under Ashley Eden in 1863–64, which was dispatched in the wake of a civil war. However, Bhutan rejected the offer and Eden claimed to have been mistreated. The dzongpon of Punakha – who had emerged victorious – had broken with
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#17327718508721034-696: The Sixth Schedule, these councils are subject to parliamentary and state laws. Under the provisions of the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India, autonomous district councils can make laws, rules and regulations in the following areas: Autonomous district councils have powers to form courts to hear cases where both parties are members of Scheduled Tribes and the maximum sentence is less than 5 years in prison. Autonomous district councils have powers to levy taxes, fees and tolls on: building and land, animals, vehicles, boats, entry of goods into
1081-707: The Viceroy and Governor – General, and on the other part by Samdojey Deb Jimpey and Themseyrensey Donai according to full powers conferred on them by the Dhum and Deb Rajahs , 1865. ARTICLE I There shall henceforth be perpetual peace and friendship between the British Government and the Government of Bhutan. ARTICLE II Whereas in consequence of repeated aggressions of the Bhutan Government and of
1128-462: The area, roads, ferries, bridges, employment and income and general taxes for the maintenance of schools and roads. There are 10 Autonomous District Councils created by the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India : Some states have created autonomous councils by an Act of their state legislatures. The two autonomous councils in the union territory of Ladakh was created by the state of Jammu and Kashmir (1952 – 2019). North Sentinel Island
1175-510: The boundary of the region will be adjusted to include contiguous Bodo inhabited areas from neighbouring districts and exclude the non-Bodo inhabited territories which are currently under the jurisdiction of the BTC. On 26 January 2023, Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma have decided to include 60 more villages which have at least 80% Bodo population in the Bodoland Territorial Region, in order to make Bodo-speakers
1222-595: The capture of two howitzer guns, resulted in the loss of 20% of Bhutan's territory, and forced cession of formerly occupied territories. Under the terms of the Treaty of Sinchula, signed 11 November 1865, Bhutan ceded territories in the Assam Duars and Bengal Duars , as well as the 83 km of territory of Dewangiri in southeastern Bhutan, in return for an annual subsidy of 50,000 rupees . The Treaty of Sinchula stood until 1910, when Bhutan and British India signed
1269-636: The central government and set up a rival Druk Desi while the legitimate druk desi sought the protection of the penlop of Paro and was later deposed. The British mission dealt alternately with the rival penlop of Paro and the penlop of Trongsa (the latter acted on behalf of the druk desi). Britain declared war in November 1864. Bhutan had no regular army, and what forces existed were composed of dzong guards armed with matchlocks , bows and arrows, swords, knives, and catapults. Some of these dzong guards, carrying shields and wearing chainmail armor, engaged
1316-751: The dense jungle and grassland at the confluence of Indian, Ethiopian and Indo Chinese realms enhances it as one of the richest region of wild animals. The Park harbours 60 species of mammals of which 23 has been listed in Schedule 1 under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act 1972 . The Park also has a recorded count of 36 species of reptiles and 476 species of birds. The Park is home for Elephant , Rhino , Tiger , Gaur , Wild Buffalo , Deer , Wild Hogs , and many other Reptiles, Birds and Insects including some highly endangered species like Pygmy Hog , Golden Langur & Bengal Florican . It
1363-798: The eastern Koch Hajo due to the Mughals and during the period of Ahom-Mughal conflicts in early 17th century the Bhutan kingdom pushed south and took control of the region down to the Gohain Kamal Ali. Following the Battle of Itakhuli in 1681 the Ahom kingdom consolidated their rule up to the Manas river in the west and the region north of the Gohain Kamal Ali, divided into different Duars , fell into its possession. The Ahoms soon faced trouble from
1410-697: The failure of PTCA, the All Bodo Students' Union launched the Bodo Movement in 1987 with the demand for a separate state to be called Bodoland , ending with the Bodo Accord of 1993 with the formation of Bodoland Autonomous Council. Bodoland is named after Bodo , an alternative spelling of the Boro people who live primarily in the Dooars regions of Goalpara and Kamrup districts. Originally
1457-466: The hovering aircraft to repel it. Although this has not been done with any formal treaty, the official policy of minimal interference has ensured that they have de facto autonomy and sovereignty over their island under the framework of the central and local governments. Duar War [REDACTED] United Kingdom The Duar War (or Anglo-Bhutanese War ) was a war fought between British India and Bhutan in 1864 to 1865. It has been
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1504-451: The industries like oil, gas and major industries of the state are located in upper Assam . Tourism in the region is regulated by the department of Bodoland Tourism. Manas National Park is the major tourist attraction of the region. It also has many wildlife sanctuaries, reserve forests, site seeings, picnic spots, and events. Manas, the nature's abode is at the foothills of Bhutan with its unique biodiversity and landscape. The blending of
1551-619: The infrastructure development of communities in the Bodoland area. The actual functioning of the council was started on 7 December 2003 by constituting the 12 members of the Council provisionally. After the Council Election on 13 May 2005 and subsequent bye-election in November 2005, the 40-member Legislative Council has been formed to look after the development works in the Bodoland Territorial Area Districts. The remaining six members are nominated by
1598-589: The left bank of the Teesta up to such points as may be laid down by the British Commissioner appointed for the purpose is ceded by the Bhutan Government to the British Government forever. ARTICLE III The Bhutan Government hereby agree to surrender all British subjects, as well as subjects of the Chief of Sikkim and Cooch Behar who are now detained in Bhutan against their will, and to place no impediment in
1645-404: The only military conflict between the two states since 1774. Across the nineteenth century, British India commissioned multiple missions to Bhutan. Official documents always cited cross-border raids by Bhutan or sheltering of dissidents as the immediate cause; however, modern historians note Britain's imperialist ambitions in the region to be the actual pretext. Not only was Bhutan a vital cog in
1692-404: The other parts of Northeast India , regional aspiration in the region reached a turning point in the 1980s. The isolation of the region, its complex social character, and its backwardness compared to other parts of the country have all resulted in the complicated set of demands ranging from demand for autonomy and opposition to migrants to movements for secession. The region is also the gateway to
1739-446: The other. Under the terms of this agreement, a Bodoland Territorial Region was formed with enhanced executive and legislative powers. The Bodoland Territorial Council will have competency over almost all areas defined by the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India and its membership will be increased to 60. The boundary of BTR will be redrawn to make Boro speakers majority within the region. This will be done by forming new districts and
1786-572: The passes into Bhutan, and whereas the Bhutan Government has now expressed its regret for past misconduct and a desire for the establishment of friendly relations with the British Government, it is hereby agreed that the whole of the tract known as the Eighteen Doars, bordering on the districts of Rungpoor, Cooch Behar, and Assam, together with the Taloo of Ambaree Fallcottah and the Hill territory on
1833-585: The refusal of that Government to afford satisfaction for those aggressions, and for their insulting treatment of the officers sent by His Excellency the Governor-General in Council for the purpose of procuring an amicable adjustment of differences existing between the two states, the British Government has been compelled to seize by an armed force the whole of the Doars and certain Hill Posts protecting
1880-557: The region will be enlarged and will also include two new districts created from areas currently outside the region. The total number of districts within the Bodoland region will therefore be nine. In January 2022, Tamulpur district was created by separating the Tamulpur sub-division from Baksa district . The geographical boundary of the BTR lies between 26° 7'12'' N to 26° 47' 50'' N Latitude and 89° 47' 40'' E to 92° 18' 30'' E Longitude and
1927-742: The shared administration were something the colonial administration was unwilling to maintain and annexed the Kamrup and Darrang Duars in 1841 and the Kariapar Duar in 1844; and following the Duar War in 1865 took complete possession of the Duars and removed Bhutanese interest from the Goalpara and Western Duars for good. The duars associated with the historical regions of Goalpara , Kamrup , and Darrang were then added to these districts. Along with
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1974-478: The territories of the Rajahs of Sikkim and Cooch Behar and to give prompt and full redress for all such crimes which may be committed in defiance of their commands, the British Government agree to make an annual allowance to the Government of Bhutan of a sum not exceeding fifty thousand rupees (Rupees 50,000) to be paid to officers not below the rank of Jungpen, who shall be deputed by the Government of Bhutan to receive
2021-469: The way of the return of all or any of such persons into British territory. ARTICLE IV In consideration of the cession by the Bhutan Government of the territories specified in Article II of this Treaty, and of the said Government having expressed its regret for past misconduct, and having hereby engaged for the future to restrain all evil disposed persons from committing crimes within British territory or
2068-421: The well-equipped British forces. The fort, known at the time as Dewangiri , at Deothang was dismantled by the British during 1865. The British initially suffered a humiliating defeat at Deothang and when they recaptured Dewangiri they dismantled the fortress there to deny its use to Bhutanese forces. The Duar War lasted only five months and, despite some battlefield victories by Bhutanese forces which included
2115-552: The west of Goalpara were called Western Duars . The Duars in the Goalpara region (which was outside the Ahom kingdom) were under Bhutan's control, but the administration of the Duars to east were shared between Bhutan or Tibet and the Ahom kingdom under different mechanisms. The Duars in the Kamrup region followed the posa system in which the Bhutanese were given possession of the duars in lieu of an annual payment; and those in
2162-727: Was established according to the Memorandum of Settlement of 10 February 2003. BTC came into existence immediately after the surrender of Bodo Liberation Tigers Force (BLTF). The BLTF laid down their weapons on 6 December 2003 under the leadership of Hagrama Mohilary and Shri Hagrama Mohilary was sworn in as the Chief Executive Member (CEM) on 7 December 2003. The BTC has 46 members (30 seats reserved for scheduled Tribes, 5 seats for non-scheduled tribes and 5 open seats) and 6 seats of which are nominated by Governor of Assam from unrepresented communities. The council appoints
2209-452: Was further extended by an agreement signed in January 2020. The region covers an area of over nine thousand square kilometres and is predominantly inhabited by the Bodo people and other indigenous communities of Assam. The Plains Tribes Council of Assam had demanded, since its inception in 1967, for a separate union territory for the Boro and other plain tribes to be called Udayachal . With
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