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25-551: Bonne-Espérance ( French pronunciation: [bɔnɛspeʁɑ̃s] ) is a municipality in the Côte-Nord region of the province of Quebec in Canada . The municipality is made up of the fishing villages of St. Paul's River (Rivière-Saint-Paul), Middle Bay, and Old Fort (Old Fort Bay), and was incorporated as a municipality on January 1, 1990. All three communities are accessible via Quebec Route 138 from Blanc-Sablon to

50-611: A French, English, and Native population of Catholic and Protestant religion and giving courses from Kindergarten to Secondary inclusively. On June 18, 1975, the name of the Commission scolaire de la Côte-Nord du Golfe St-Laurent was changed to the Littoral School Board ( Commission scolaire du Littoral in French). Prior to the creation of the district, multiple school districts from various religious orders controlled

75-481: A few minor differences from that of ville . However it is moot since there are no longer any cities in existence. Dorval and Côte Saint-Luc had the status of city when they were amalgamated into Montreal on January 1, 2002 as part of the municipal reorganization in Quebec ; however, when re-constituted as independent municipalities on January 1, 2006, it was with the status of town ( French : ville ) (although

100-608: A large concession by the King of France from the Kegaska River (Kegashka) to the Kessessakiou (Hamilton River). In 1702, Courtemanche built a fort on Old Fort Bay to protect the fishermen and trappers he employed to harvest the region's abundance in cod, whale, seal and furs from the hostile Inuit . This fort was replaced by Fort Pontchartrain, that Courtemanche built on Brador Bay in 1704. However, in 1714, 800 Inuit attacked

125-608: Is 100 (2016). As the name suggests, Old Fort (officially in French: Vieux-Fort ; 51°25′25″N 57°49′28″W  /  51.42361°N 57.82444°W  / 51.42361; -57.82444 ) has a long history but in 2016 was a town of 234 people. One of the main jobs for people in Bonne Espérance area is the fishery. There are three fish plants, one located in each of the villages: Middle Bay, St. Paul's River and Old Fort. The fish plants are open during

150-509: Is a construction company which operates in Ontario and Alberta. Every year, many of the men leave their community and go to work in both places usually leaving in the spring and returning in the fall. During the winter months, most people who fish, work in the fish plants, and go to work in Alberta and Ontario collect employment insurance benefits. List of former mayors: St. Paul's River is

175-508: Is a small fishing village with a population of thirty-three permanent residents (2016), but in the summer seasons more people go there to fish. The town of St. Paul's River (officially in French: Rivière-Saint-Paul ; 51°28′14″N 57°42′45″W  /  51.47056°N 57.71250°W  / 51.47056; -57.71250 ) is between the communities of Old Fort Bay and Middle Bay. The population of this village

200-850: Is also a different kind of submunicipal unit, unconstituted localities , which is defined and tracked not by the Quebec Ministry of Municipal Affairs but by Statistics Canada . Commission scolaire du Littoral Situated along the Gulf of St. Lawrence , the School Board territory consists of nine Anglophone villages and four Francophone villages, scattered along 460 kilometres (285 miles) of coastline from Kegaska to Blanc-Sablon including Port-Menier (Anticosti Island). Their respective populations vary between 100 and 1000 inhabitants. The School Board has an annual enrolment of approximately 570 students. It offers general education services to

225-453: Is that the designation might serve to disambiguate between otherwise identically named municipalities, often neighbouring ones. Many such cases have had their names changed, or merged with the identically named nearby municipality since the 1950s, such as the former Township of Granby and City of Granby merging and becoming the Town of Granby in 2007. Municipalities are governed primarily by

250-572: The Code municipal du Québec (Municipal Code of Québec, R.S.Q. c. C-27.1), whereas cities and towns are governed by the Loi sur les cités et villes (Cities and Towns Act, R.S.Q. c. C-19) as well as (in the case of the older ones) various individual charters. The very largest communities in Quebec are colloquially called cities; however there are currently no municipalities under the province's current legal system classified as cities. Quebec's government uses

275-693: The Ministry of Municipal Affairs, Regions and Land Occupancy and compiled by the Institut de la statistique du Québec Not included are the urban agglomerations in Quebec , which, although they group together multiple municipalities, exercise only what are ordinarily local municipal powers. A list of local municipal units in Quebec by regional county municipality can be found at List of municipalities in Quebec . All municipalities (except cities), whether township, village, parish, or unspecified ones, are functionally and legally identical. The only difference

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300-545: The "Commission scolaire de la Côte-Nord du Golfe St-Laurent". This school board, directed by an administrator, would become responsible for education in fifteen communities. These communities spread out from Kegaska to Blanc Sablon, a territory of 460 kilometres (285 miles) that is not connected to the Québec Provincial road network. Bill 41, created the first "unified" school board in the Province of Québec, serving

325-557: The English term town as the translation for the French term ville , and township for canton . The least-populated towns in Quebec ( Barkmere , with a population of about 60, or L'Île-Dorval , with less than 10) are much smaller than the most populous municipalities of other types ( Saint-Charles-Borromée and Sainte-Sophie , each with populations of over 13,300). The title city ( French : cité code=C) still legally exists, with

350-412: The Littoral School Board is characterized by the fact that it is not classified as a linguistic school board. Orange represents the soil and its residents. Turquoise (blue-green) represents the sea that is omnipresent on the territory. The vertical features imitate the territory and its size. The triangle represents Anticosti Island and the motion of the waves, referring to the district's motto: "We extend

375-464: The ancestors of today's Innu people, and lived on the coast about 9,000 years ago. When the French met the Innu they called them Montagnais , because of the hilly land they lived on, however since 1990 the preferred name is Innu. In 1534, Jacques Cartier established a short-term storehouse around the modern-day location of Old Fort to help resupply his ship crews. The words "Old Establishment" found on

400-630: The area, and none of them offered senior high school education. The territory of Anticosti Island was added to the Littoral School Board with Bill 48 which was passed on June 18, 1976. Following inter-governmental agreements, the Natives acquired their school autonomy on the St. Augustine River Reservation on July 1, 1990, and on the La Romaine Reserve on July 1, 1991. However, the school board maintained services in these two communities to serve

425-588: The east only; this road currently ends at Vieux-Fort before commencing again at Kegashka some 300 kilometres (190 mi) west-south-west. The area was first incorporated in 1963 as part of the Municipality of Côte-Nord-du-Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent , but separated on January 1, 1990, and became the Municipality of Bonne-Espérance. Bonne Esperance was first known to be inhabited by the Maritime Archaic people . The Maritime Archaic people are probably

450-525: The fort and stole everything they could. Courtemanche, planning to strike back at the Inuit to pacify them, died in 1717. His son François Martel De Brouague took over the Labrador fishery and managed it profitably through two naval wars between France and England, until his death in 1761. It was not until the 19th century that permanent residents from Newfoundland and elsewhere in Quebec began to establish

475-463: The map of Nicolas Bellin in 1744, would indicate that "Vieux-Fort" is the former site of "Brest", visited especially by Basque and Breton fishermen at the turn of the sixteenth century to hunt whale and render their blubber for lamp oil. But Brest was later relocated to Brador Bay, where in 1907 a township was created with the same name. In 1702 Augustin Le Gardeur de Courtemanche was granted

500-456: The municipal government of Dorval still uses the name Cité de Dorval). Prior to January 1, 1995, the code for municipalité was not M but rather SD ( sans désignation ; that is, unqualified municipality). Prior to 2004, there was a single code, TR, to cover the modern-day TC and TK. When the distinction between TC and TK was introduced, it was made retroactive to 1984, date of the federal Cree-Naskapi (of Quebec) Act (S.C. 1984, c. 18). There

525-597: The non-Indian population. The School Board holds a special status considering it is managed by an administrator (who is named by the Lieutenant Governor in Council) who replaces the school commissioners and the director-general. He exercises his powers by means of ordinances, of which a copy is automatically transmitted to the Minister who decides to accept it or to reject it in whole or in part. Moreover,

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550-759: The only village on the Lower North Shore that has a high school that is not combined with an elementary school. The school was once an elementary and secondary school, but in 2004, it became St. Paul's High School. As well, Commission scolaire du Littoral operates Mountain Ridge School (anglophone) in Old Fort . Municipality (Quebec) The following is a list of the types of local and supralocal territorial units in Quebec , Canada, including those used solely for statistical purposes, as defined by

575-474: The summer months. This facility employs around 100 people. There is also a school board which employs about 25 people, including teachers, janitors, secretaries and technicians. There is the municipality which employs about 10 people. There is the Coasters Association which employs about 11 people and there are local grocery stores/ businesses that employ a number of people. There is also USL; this

600-466: The three fishing communities, whose current day inhabitants are largely descended from these people. In addition to the three villages mentioned below, the municipality also includes the ghost town of Salmon Bay ( 51°25′27″N 57°36′55″W  /  51.42417°N 57.61528°W  / 51.42417; -57.61528 ). Middle Bay ( 51°27′54″N 57°29′46″W  /  51.46500°N 57.49611°W  / 51.46500; -57.49611 )

625-531: The youth sector for pre-school, primary, and secondary levels as well as literacy and secondary general education sector to the Adult Education sector. Preschool-Secondary 5: Secondary 1-5: Preschool-Secondary 3: Preschool-Secondary 2: Preschool and elementary: Adult education only: On April 14, 1967, the National Assembly of the Province of Québec sanctioned Bill 41, instituting

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