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45-763: It is known to have existed since 1356 as a part of the Principality of Ryazan . In the 14th century, it was owned by Vladimir the Bold , but passed to the Grand Duchy of Moscow when his granddaughter Maria of Borovsk married Vasily II . In 1444, the St. Paphnutius Monastery was founded near Borovsk. Its strong walls, towers, and a massive cathedral survive from the reign of Boris Godunov . Two famous Old Believers —archpriest Avvakum Petrovich and boyarynya Feodosiya Morozova —were incarcerated at this monastery in

90-527: A clergyman who was sent by Russian Orthodox Church to serve as an archbishop of Ryazan. He was notorious for becoming the first church official to recognize a Poland-backed impostor False-Dmitry as a legitimate monarch, alleged Czar of Tsardom of Russia , after meeting with his forces in Tula . Around that time Ryazan ex-duchy became a home for various noble families, most notable of which are Lyapunovs, whose brothers Prokopy and Zakhary Lyapunovs played

135-463: A detention center of Tolyatti in 2016 and another in Ryazan according to Russian sources. Slony's chief leader, Ermolov, was still wanted as of August 2021. In the same period, evidence was gathered against the former (4th) mayor and chairman of city duma , Fyodor Provotorov  [ ru ] . Provotorova held powerful positions in the city for eight years, and, according to local authorities,

180-416: A population of 250 thousand to a million people. The first written mention of the city, under the name of Pereslavl , dates to 1095. The city became part of the independent Principality of Ryazan , which had existed since 1129, centered on the old city of Ryazan. The first ruler of Ryazan was supposedly Yaroslav Sviatoslavich , Prince of Ryazan and Murom (cities of Kievan Rus' ). In the 12th century,

225-505: A short time for being suspected in a treasonous attempt to seal a treaty with Crimean Khanate in order to outweigh Moscow's influence. The duke fled to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania where he died no later than 1534. Being the southernmost border of Rus' lands at the time, Ryazan continued to suffer from invasions of Crimean Tatars and their allies. In June of 1605 Ryazan became a seat for Greek Cypriot -born Patriarch Ignatius ,

270-460: A significant roles in shaping Russian history during Times of Troubles. During World War II , Ryazan was repeatedly bombed by German Luftwaffe . Immediately after the war, rapid development of the city began, and it became a major industrial, scientific, and military center of the European part of Russia. On October 19, 1960 a petroleum refinery produced its first gasoline. Ryazan housed

315-488: A sole ruler of the state. In December 1237, the duchy became the first of all other former states of Kievan Rus' to suffer from the Mongol invasion . The duchy was completely overrun, with almost the whole princely family killed, the capital destroyed and later moved to the present-day location of Ryazan , located 40 miles north from the original site of the capital today known as Ryazan Staraya (Old Ryazan). In 1238, some of

360-519: Is 39.5 °C (103.1 °F) in August 2010 while the lowest temperature recorded is −40.9 °C (−41.6 °F) in January 1940. The Ryazan city governing body is divided among City's legislature (Ryazan City Duma), City administration and district's courts. Executive powers of the city are administered by a city governour, his advisers and deputies. Formal control over activities of authorities

405-745: Is currently a fugitive, was allegedly apprehended in 2016 by Ukrainian authorities in Ukraine. In 1999 a group of allegedly plain-clothes FSB officers attempted to blow up a building on the East side of the city. The event is known as the Ryazan Incident . Today, the crime rate in Ryazan is one of the lowest among the cities of the Central Federal District according to the Russian Interior Ministry . In

450-674: Is exercised by the Public Chamber of the city of Ryazan, who work with youth involved in the headquarters of youth activists. The City Duma is a local parliament authorized to make city-wide laws. It's divided into sub-committees. Ryazan is also a system of community councils areas which are deliberative bodies coordinating the work of services housing and communal services and the Department of Public Works on urban areas. The city also hosts different regional governing bodies: Ryazan Oblast Duma (regional parliament), Government and

495-700: Is one of the leading tourist destinations in Central Russia. The Ryazan Kremlin is a symbol and the main landmark in Ryazan. It is an ensemble of the old main of Ryazan fortress (11 cen.), churches (15 - 20 cen.) and the Palace of Oleg. Sobornaia Bell is one of the highest bells of the Orthodox Church. Ryazan State Museum of Art is one of the largest museums of Russian and European arts. It has paintings of F. Guardi, A. van Ostade, V. V. Kandinsky and others. As of 2021 an environmental pollution of air in

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540-691: Is the largest city and administrative center of Ryazan Oblast , Russia . The city is located on the banks of the Oka River in Central Russia , 196 km (122 mi) southeast of Moscow . As of the 2010 Census, Ryazan had a population of 524,927, making it the 33rd most populated city in Russia , and the fourth most populated in Central Russia after Moscow, Voronezh , and Yaroslavl . An older city, now known as Old Ryazan ( Russian : Старая Рязань , romanized :  Staraya Ryazan ),

585-454: The Cumans . Around that time the duchy came under significant influence of Vladimir-Suzdal which was a factor in the fight of Ryazan to resume its sovereignty. In 1217, Gleb Vladimirovich with the support of Cumans tried to take Ryazan back out of the influence of the neighboring northern principality of Vladimir, but he was defeated by another Ryazan prince Ingvar Igorevich who in turn became

630-552: The Council of People's Deputies of Ryazan and Ryazan mayor. Under Chumakova, the city's population increased from 72,000 to 520,000. Chumakova oversaw the construction of social and cultural amenities, more than 20 urban areas, and hundreds of kilometers of trolleybus, tram and bus routes. Landscaping became a fundamental strategy for the development of the city at that time. A "green" ring of forests, parks, and garden associations surrounded Ryazan, with large parks located in each area of

675-587: The Governor of the Ryazan Oblast. In two urban and one suburban residence being received at the highest level. Ryazan is the administrative center of the oblast and, within the framework of administrative divisions , it also serves as the administrative center of Ryazansky District , even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the city of regional significance of Ryazan —an administrative unit with

720-525: The Grand Prince of Vladimir , Dmitry Donskoy . Late in the 13th century, the Princes of Ryazan moved their capital to Pereyaslavl' ( Russian : Переяславль ), which is known as Ryazan from the 16th century (officially renamed in 1778). The principality was finally dissolved and incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Moscow in 1521. The principality's last duke, Ivan V of Ryazan , was imprisoned for

765-781: The Great in 1778. The city is known for the Ryazan Kremlin , a historic museum; the Pozhalostin Museum , one of the oldest art museums in Russia; the Memorial Museum-Estate of Academician I.P. Pavlov ; and the Ryazan Museum of Long-Range Aviation . In 2022, the Ministry of Construction published an updated rating of the new urban digitalization index. Ryazan entered the top three cities with

810-601: The Muscovites defeated prince Oleg II Ivanovich of Ryazan in the Battle of Skornishchevo ; he was exiled for six months before returning to his throne. In 1380, Oleg II did not take part in the Battle of Kulikovo , although he was an ally of Mamai . During almost all its history, the Ryazan Principality conflicted with its provincial Pronsk Principality until Ryazan completely annexed Pronsk in 1483 during

855-714: The Public Committee in Defense of the Historical and Architectural Museum "Ryazan Kremlin" campaigned against attempts by the Diocese of Voronezh to establish ownership over the Ryazan Kremlin . A number of environmental groups are active in the city, campaigning for the removal of illegal landfills and volunteering for water area clean up. In 2019 and 2020, these groups organized and staged ecological pickets and protests. Ryazan Cycling has built bike paths in

900-561: The Soviet Union, more than half of the city's GDP was being exported into its satellite states . In the 1990s, Ryazan experienced significant economic troubles as part of the 1998 Russian financial crisis , with many ex-Soviet and newly established companies going bankrupt by the end of the decade. In September 1999, Ryazan suffered a series of attempted apartment bombings (see Ryazan Incident below). As of 2001, Ryazan remained significantly politically and economically influenced by

945-475: The USSR's only producer of potato-harvesting equipment at the time. Ryazselmash factory ( Russian : Рязсельмаш , lit.   'Ryazan Countryside Machines'), an accounting machines plant, and a heavy forging equipment plant, among others, were also built. Because of the city's industrialization, Ryazan Oblast's share of workers employed in the agrarian sector shifted into the industrial sector. Ryazan

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990-607: The armed forces of Ryazan withdrew to unite with the Vladimir-Suzdal army and meet with the forces of Batu Khan near Kolomna . In 1301 Prince Daniel of Moscow took Ryazan due to the boyars ' betrayal and imprisoned Prince Konstantin Romanovich  [ ru ] . In 1305 Daniel's son Prince Yury of Moscow ordered his death. The two next successors of Konstantin were killed by the Golden Horde . In 1371,

1035-483: The central parks of the city. This activity attracted the attention of the government, who promise to build several similar paths passing through the whole territory of Ryazan. Ryazan is the seat of Diocese of Ryazan and Kasimov , an eparchy of the Russian Orthodox Church . Assumption Cathedral of the Ryazan Kremlin is one of the most important cathedrals in the city. Metropolia is the holder of

1080-456: The city include a military radio electronics production plant and an oil refinery (subsidiary of Rosneft , JSC Ryazan Oil Refining Company). The plant can refine 17 million metric tons of oil per year and is the city's largest employer. Around a quarter of the city's population works in the electronics industry. The most notable company in this sector is Plazma, which produces plasma screens for products including tanks and locomotives. In 1994,

1125-563: The city include: Ryazan, like many cities in Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union , saw a rise in crime during the 1990s. Slonovskaya organized criminal group  [ ru ] ( Russian : Слоновская ОПГ ) (Slony for short), one of the largest gangs in Russia, managed to monopolize the downtown area and the criminal underworld of Ryazan. The name is literally translated as "Elephants", after one of its leaders' height and power: Vyacheslav Ermolov Evgenievich (born 1962) nicknamed "Elephant". Before his criminal career started he

1170-465: The city remain relatively high. Excessive emissions of toxic fumes and gaseous substances such as sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) from neighbouring industries (i.e. oil refinery) located next to the city are often reported by local media. In December 2020 local government was trying to address the problem by fining local commercial organizations. Ryazan has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfb ). The highest temperature recorded

1215-461: The city, and compositions of flowers and vertical gardening became customary, not only for the main streets, but also for industrial zones and factory buildings. Ryazan repeatedly won recognition among the cities of the Soviet Union for its landscaping. During her 26 years in office, Chumakova often accepted awards of the Red Banner of the USSR on behalf of Ryazan. By the time of the collapse of

1260-498: The first six-months of 2012, 579.6 crimes were reported per hundred-thousand people, almost half the Central Federal District average of 839 reported crimes per hundred-thousand people. The low crime rate in Ryazan is often attributed to increased number of police patrols, high number of military schools, and voluntary militias headquarters distributed throughout the city's districts. Major industry enterprises in

1305-434: The gang was linked to local authorities. By 1995, Slony managed to briefly seize control over almost the entire business community of Ryazan. This situation continued up until 1996 when local law enforcement managed to apprehend some suspects linked to the gang. By 2000 the gang was almost completely eliminated. Some members were either sentenced to jail or were on the run. One member of the group allegedly committed suicide in

1350-412: The lands of Ryazan – being located on the border between woodlands and the steppe – suffered numerous invasions from the southern and northern parts of European Russia. Southern invasions were usually carried out by the Cumans ; on the northern side Ryazan was in conflict with Vladimir-Suzdal , who by the end of the 12th century had burnt the capital of Ryazan several times. In the 13th century, Ryazan

1395-495: The majority of religious temples in the city and the sole holder of the monasteries. Believers is the cathedral church of All Who Sorrow Church. In addition, the city is home to a number of religious people, including Catholics, Lutherans , Baptists , Jehovah's Witnesses , Pentecostals , Seventh-day Adventists , Mormons , Charismatics and Muhtasibat Muslims, who built the Islamic Cultural Center. Ryazan

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1440-533: The name of Staraya Ryazan ( Old Ryazan ), close to Spassk-Ryazansky . Maps of the 16th-18th centuries show Ryazan (Old Ryazan) and Pereslavl-Ryazan together. In 1380, during the Battle of Kulikovo , the Grand Prince of Ryazan Oleg and his men came under a coalition of Mamai , a strongman of the Tatar Golden Horde , and the Grand Duke of Lithuania , against the armies under the command of

1485-414: The neighboring Moscow Oblast . Ryazan's buildings are not characterized by any single architectural style. Many noted Russian architects worked in Ryazan, including Kazakov, who worked and died in this city, and built the house of Politech University. Ryazan's churches were built between the 15th and 19th centuries. Soviet Constructivism was an important step in Ryazan architecture. In 2006 and 2007,

1530-603: The oldest wooden church in the region (the 17th century) and a museum of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky , who lived and worked there as a teacher in 1880–1891. Borovsk has recently been known for painted façades of its down-town buildings, resulting from a work of one local painter . Principality of Ryazan The Principality of Ryazan ( Russian : Рязанское княжество ), later known as the Grand Principality of Ryazan (Russian: Великое княжество Рязанское ),

1575-509: The principality was later moved to Ryazan. By the end of the 12th century, the principality waged wars with the neighbouring Grand Duchy of Vladimir . In the course of that stand-off, the city of Ryazan was burned twice in a span of twenty years from 1186 to 1208. In 1217, there was a culmination point in the history of Ryazan when during the civil war inside the Duchy six leaders of the state were killed by Gleb Vladimirovich who later defected to

1620-596: The regency of Anna of Ryazan . In 1520, Grand Prince Vasili III of Russia captured and imprisoned in Moscow the last Grand Prince of Ryazan Ivan V because of his relations with the Crimean Khan Mehmed I Giray . In 1521, Prince Ivan Ivanovich fled into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania . After that, in 1521, the Ryazan Principality was merged with Muscovy. Ryazan Ryazan ( Russian : Рязань , IPA: [rʲɪˈzanʲ] ; also Riazan)

1665-562: The second half of the 17th century. The town was liberated by the Red Army on January 4, 1942. Within the framework of administrative divisions , Borovsk serves as the administrative center of Borovsky District , to which it is directly subordinated. As a municipal division , the town of Borovsk is incorporated within Borovsky Municipal District as Borovsk Urban Settlement . Among the monuments of Borovsk are

1710-400: The status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , the city is incorporated as Ryazan Urban Circuit. The city of Ryazan is divided into four administrative districts: In January 2021 the city saw a spike in protest activity. As many as 2000 people have participated in rallies in Ryazan alone as part of the 2021 Russian protests . Important educational institutions in

1755-456: Was a principality from 1129 to 1521. Its capital was the city of Ryazan , now known as Old Ryazan, which was destroyed in 1237 during the Mongol invasions . The capital was moved to Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky, later renamed Ryazan. Initially a part of the Principality of Murom , it fully split off from the Principality of Chernigov by 1129 as Murom-Ryazan . Murom was taken by Moscow in 1392, while Ryazan later became dependent on Moscow and

1800-524: Was a taxi driver. The other leader was a personal driver of the vice prosecutor of the city. In 1991, the gang became heavily involved in the racketeering of newly- privatized industries, motor vehicle sales, real estate , contract killings in other regions, participated in gang violence , kidnappings , and committed at least one armed attack on rivals which left eight or ten dead in November of 1993. According to Russian propaganda channel NTV ,

1845-524: Was associated with the activities of the Slony gang. Besides Slony, there were two other powerful criminal groups which rivaled Slony and were active in 1996-2001: Osokyn's gang  [ ru ] and Airapetov's gang  [ ru ] . By the 2018 many of Elephants had served their prison terms and were freed. Some of members of the Osokyn's gang were sentenced up to 20 years in 2011. Its leader, who

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1890-778: Was developed as a military center, and became the main training center of the Soviet Airborne Forces . Several positioned man-portable air-defense systems protect the urban sky. Besides the Airborne School (at the time named after Kliment Voroshilov ), Ryazan has the Automobile School and Institute of Communications, a regiment of railway troops , airbase strategic bombers, and a training center in Diaghilev. Ryazan developed particularly rapidly while Nadezhda Nikolaevna Chumakova served as Chair of

1935-482: Was formally taken over by Vasili in 1521, and incorporated into the centralized Russian state. It maintained its formal independence longer than any other Russian principality. Initially a part of the Principality of Chernigov , Murom-Ryazan became a separate principality under the reign of Yaroslav Sviatoslavich after he was ousted from Chernigov by Vsevolod Olgovich , which remained in possession of his descendants after he died in 1129. The political centre of

1980-514: Was located 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of modern-day Ryazan during the late Middle Ages , and served as capital of the Principality of Ryazan up until the Mongol invasion in 1237. During the Siege of Ryazan , it became one of the first cities in Russia to be besieged and completely razed to the ground. The capital was subsequently moved to Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky ( Russian : Переяславль-Рязанский ), and later renamed to Ryazan by order of Catherine

2025-417: Was the first Russian city to face Mongolian invasion by the hordes of Batu Khan . On December 21, 1237, after a short siege, it was completely destroyed and never recovered. As a result of the takeover, the seat of the principality was moved about 55 km (34 mi) to the town of Pereslavl-Ryazansky, which subsequently took the name of the destroyed capital. The site of the old capital now carries

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