The Babuyan Islands ( / b ɑː b ə ˈ j ɑː n / bah-bə- YAHN ), also known as the Babuyan Group of Islands , is an archipelago in the Philippines , located in the Luzon Strait north of the main island of Luzon and south of Taiwan via Bashi Channel to Luzon Strait . The archipelago consists of five major islands and their surrounding smaller islands. These main islands are, counterclockwise starting from northeast, Babuyan , Calayan , Dalupiri , Fuga , and Camiguin . The Babuyan Islands are separated from Luzon by the Babuyan Channel , and from the province of Batanes to the north by the Balintang Channel .
32-461: The archipelago, comprising 24 volcanic-coralline islands, has a total area of about 590 km (230 sq mi). The largest of these is Calayan with an area of 196 km (76 sq mi), while the highest peak in the island group is Mount Pangasun (1,108 metres, 3,635 ft) on Babuyan Claro. The following are the islands of Babuyan and their adjoining islets and rocks, along with land areas and highest elevation: The eastern islands of
64-419: A referendum . The economy of Mindoro is largely based on agriculture . Products consist of a wide variety of fruits, such as citrus , bananas , lanzones , rambutan and coconuts , grains ( rice and corn ), sugarcane , peanuts , fish ( catfish , milkfish and tilapia ), livestock and poultry . Logging and the mining of marble and copper also thrive. Only 5% of the original forest remains as
96-529: A Norwegian-based company operating the Mindoro Nickel Project. This project is supposed to last 15 years and should produce over 100 million tons of ore by the end of the project. Unfortunately, while the mines might be profitable for the national government, they have caused problems to the environment and the indigenous tribes living in Mindoro. Mining in Mindoro poses a significant risk to
128-586: A lesser extent, Spanish . The following indigenous languages (all of them being part of the Philippine branch of the Malayo-Polynesian languages family, like also like Ilocano, Bicolano, and the nationally designated official Filipino dialect of Tagalog) are spoken in Mindoro: The common religions on the island fall under Christianity . The religion of the indigenous Mangyan population
160-523: A permanent island only after emerging and rising to over 200 metres (656 ft) above sea level in 1952. All of the islands within the island group are classified by Haribon Foundation and BirdLife International as key biodiversity areas , or sites with outstanding universal value due to its geographic and biologic importance. All of the islands within the island group have never been part of any large landmass, and thus have unique flora and fauna, most of which are found nowhere else. Research conducted by
192-475: A result of extensive logging, prevalent agricultural practices, and population growth. Tourism is a lucrative business as well, with locations such as Apo Reef National Park, Lubang Island , Puerto Galera , Sabang Beach and Mount Halcon . Puerto Galera's beaches are the island's most known tourist attraction and are widely visited. An important aspect of the economy in Mindoro is mining, mostly performed by outside companies owned by foreign countries. While
224-626: Is also a congregation site for endangered humpback whales , one of few in Southeast Asia . Due to its value to the natural world and Philippine biological diversity, various scientific and conservation groups have been lobbying for its declaration as a national park and its inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List . Humpback whales have re-colonized the area and the Babuyans have become the only wintering ground for
256-618: Is also an individual barangay, also named Fuga Island, in Aparri. Luzon Volcanic Arc The Luzon Volcanic Arc is a chain of volcanoes in a north–south line across the Luzon Strait from Taiwan to Luzon . The name "Luzon Volcanic Arc" was first proposed by Carl Bowin et al. to describe a series of Miocene to recent volcanoes due to eastward subduction along the Manila Trench for approximately 1,200 km from
288-595: Is the island’s highest point and is located in Oriental Mindoro. Mindoro is a center of biodiversity in the Philippines, a megadiverse country , and has a large number of species found nowhere else on the archipelago. Mindoro additionally hosts its own ecoregion, the Mindoro rain forests , separate from neighboring Luzon. Mindoro's biodiversity and isolation is a result of the island not being connected to
320-597: Is the only city in the island while San Jose is the largest settlement on the island with a total population of 143,430 inhabitants as of 2015. The southern coast of Mindoro forms the northeastern extremum of the Sulu Sea . Mount Halcon is the highest point on the island, standing at 8,484 feet (2,586 m) above sea level located in Oriental Mindoro . Mount Baco is the island's second highest mountain with an elevation of 8,163 feet (2,488 m), located in
352-473: The Calayan rail (found only on the small island of Calayan). The Babuyan archipelago, along with the nearby Batanes islands, have been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because they support significant populations of resident Taiwan green pigeons , Ryukyu scops-owls and short-crested monarchs , Chinese egrets on passage, and wintering yellow buntings . The island group
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#1732772667154384-520: The Department of Environment and Natural Resources has found at least five faunal regions in the area, one of the highest densities of separate faunal regions in the world. The islands are also home to the most critically endangered snake species in the Philippines, the Ross' wolf snake (found only on the small island of Dalupiri), and the most critically endangered bird species in the Philippines,
416-519: The 500 km section of the arc but also in sediments along the trench. The only way to explain the latitudinal variations was through the addition of an increasing input of terrigenous sediments toward the continental regions in the north China and Taiwan During the Middle Miocene , 16-15 Ma , activity started in Taiwan. Batan Island volcanics are dated at 9.36 Ma, while north of Luzon,
448-552: The Coastal Range in Taiwan south to southern Mindoro in the Philippines. Islands that form part of the arc are the Eastern Coastal Range of Taiwan , Green Island, Taiwan , Orchid Island , Kaotai Rock , Mavudis or Y'ami Island , Mabudis , Siayan Island , Itbayat Island , Diogo Island , Batan Island , Unnamed volcano Ibuhos , Sabtang Island , Babuyan , Didicas , and Camiguin de Babuyanes . At
480-570: The Philippines and the Japanese era . The island was the location of the Battle of Mindoro in World War II . Nevertheless, upon Philippine independence, the area recovered and from 1920 to 1950, the island was a single province with Calapan as the provincial capital. In 1950, it was partitioned into its two present-day provinces , Occidental Mindoro and Oriental Mindoro , following
512-523: The archipelago are part of the Luzon Volcanic Arc . Three volcanoes from two of the islands have erupted in historical times - Camiguin de Babuyanes on Camiguin Island, Babuyan Claro Volcano and Smith Volcano (also known as Mount Babuyan) on Babuyan Island. Another small volcanic island located just 22 km (14 mi) NE of Camiguin Island, Didicas Volcano on Didicas Island, became
544-465: The foreign countries make most of the money from these mines, the Philippine government still receives some economic and financial benefit from allowing them to mine on their lands. These companies include Pitkin Petroleum, a US-based company which is looking for nickel, oil, and gas in Mindoro, Crew Development Corporation, a Canada-based corporation mining nickel and other precious metals, and Intex,
576-512: The island (the reason for making Mindoro part of Southern Tagalog), although in some parts it has been greatly influenced by the native Mangyan and Visayan languages , creating another unique dialect. Visayan and Mangyan languages, too, are spoken on the island, the latter being native to Mindoro and has dialects, as are Ilocano , Bicolano , Hiligaynon , Karay-a , Cebuano , Cuyonon and some foreign languages – e.g., English , Hokkien (a Sinitic Chinese language by Chinese Filipinos ), to
608-447: The island due to a lack of enforcement by the local police. Mindoro is also home to the tamaraw or Mindoro dwarf buffalo ( Bubalus mindorensis ), which is endemic to the island. The tamaraw is a bovine related to the water buffalo (carabao) and is an endangered species. The principal language in Mindoro is Tagalog , usually spoken with Batangas dialect due to its geographical contact with Batangas and Batangueño residents in
640-690: The island got its current name. According to the late historian William Henry Scott , an entry in the official history of the Song Dynasty for the year 972 mentions Ma-i as a state which traded with China. Other Chinese records referring to Ma-i or Mindoro appear in the years that follow. The products that Mindoro traders exchanged with the Chinese included "beeswax, cotton, true pearls, tortoiseshell , medicinal betelnuts and yu-ta [jute?] cloth" for Chinese porcelain, trade gold, iron pots, lead, copper, colored glass beads and iron needles. The island
672-434: The island's environment. Local and international mining interests have disregarded the island's ecology to gain access to the rich tungsten veins that exist below the surface. Intex , a Norwegian Mining Company attempted to begin prospecting for tungsten deposits, but was halted by a regional environmental protection ordinance. Small scale, legal and illegal, environmentally degrading mining operations still persist throughout
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#1732772667154704-454: The north were approached (China and Taiwan). The sediment thicknesses increased toward the north along the trench. The geochemistry and tectonic setting of the southern Luzon arc has been studied in detail. The geochemistry suggested that continental crust (probably from sediments) played an important role in the Macolod corridor and the Mindoro segments. Crustal collision had occurred in
736-408: The north. Geochemical variations northward (Babuyan segment) were due to the subduction of sediments derived from the erosion of continental crust from China and Taiwan. There is a distinct increase in strontium isotopic ratios with latitude northward. This supports the conjecture that the variations were due to an increasing "crustal" component in subducted sediments as the continental blocks in
768-460: The province of Occidental Mindoro . Mindoro is the seventh (7th) largest island in the Philippines. It is divided by two provinces Occidental Mindoro and Oriental Mindoro. Mindoro Mountain Range is the largest and longest mountain range in the island with a total length of 200 km (120 mi) north-south and 58 km (36 mi) width east–west. Mount Halcon , at 8,484 feet (2,586 meters),
800-526: The rest of the Philippines during the Pleistocene ; during this time, most of the Philippine islands were connected to each other during lower sea levels; however, the deeper channels surrounding Mindoro led to it being isolated from the rest of the Philippines during this time. Mindoro Mountain Range List of highest Peaks by elevation. List of major river in Mindoro by length. The name Mindoro
832-526: The seventeenth century, Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri visited the island. By the end of the 1700s, Mindoro had 3,165 native families and 4 Spanish Filipino families . In 1898, Mindoro joined in the Philippine Revolution against Spain due to the influx of rebels settling into the island from Cavite and Bataan. Local patriotism died down however during the American occupation of
864-476: The south between the North Palawan-Mindoro crustal block and perhaps sediment contamination was derived from this region. This substantiates preliminary early isotope and trace element studies on the central Luzon arc Further work was done on the northern Luzon arc by McDermott et al. who found systematic variations in an assortment of isotopes with latitude not only in the lavas analyzed over
896-462: The south end it terminates on Luzon . The geochemistry of a number of volcanoes along the arc have been measured. There are five distinct geochemical domains within the arc (Mindoro, Bataan, Northern Luzon, Babuyan, and Taiwan). The geochemistry of the segments verified that the volcanoes are all subduction related (e.g., strong niobium anomalies and calc-alkaline characteristics). Isotopes and trace elements show unique geochemical characteristics in
928-634: The species in the Philippines although historical records from the Babuyan Islands have not been confirmed. List of islands by population (as of 2020): The whole archipelago is administered under the province of Cagayan with Babuyan, Calayan, Camiguin, and Dalupiri comprising the municipality of Calayan while Fuga is under the jurisdiction of Aparri . Babuyan and Dalupiri are themselves individual barangays in Calayan municipality, respectively named Babuyan Claro and Dalupiri, while Fuga Island
960-506: The volcanic islands are younger than 6.5 Ma. Mindoro Mindoro is the seventh largest and eighth-most populous island in the Philippines . With a total land area of 10,571 km ( 4,082 sq.mi ), it has a population of 1,408,454, as of the 2020 census. It is located off the southwestern coast of Luzon and northeast of Palawan . Mindoro is divided into two provinces: Occidental Mindoro and Oriental Mindoro . Calapan
992-716: Was invaded and conquered by the Sultanate of Brunei and housed Moro settlements before the Spanish invaded and Christianized the population. Afterward, the area was depopulated due to wars between the Spaniards and the Moros from Mindanao who sought to enslave the Hispanized people and to re-Islamize the island. Consequently, most of the population fled to nearby Batangas and the once rich towns of Mindoro fell to ruin. In
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1024-417: Was likely a corruption of the native name "Minolo". Domingo Navarette ('Tratados...', 1676) wrote "The island which the natives call Minolo is named Mindoro by the Spaniards..." (trans. by Blair and Robertson). In past times, it has been called Ma-i or Mait by Han Chinese traders. Indigenous groups are called Mangyans . The Spaniards called the place as Mina de Oro (meaning " gold mine ") from where
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