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68-586: BRAC is an international development organisation based in Bangladesh . In order to receive foreign donations, BRAC was subsequently registered under the NGO Affairs Bureau of the Government of Bangladesh . BRAC is the largest non-governmental development Organisation in the world, in terms of the number of employees as of September 2016. Established by Sir Fazle Hasan Abed in 1972 after

136-471: A class divide by creating demand for more educated people in order to maintain corporate and industrial profitability. Thus the popular demand for education, which in turn drives the cost of education higher through the principle of supply and demand , as people would want to be part of the new economic elite. Higher costs for education lead to a situation where only the people with enough money to pay for education can receive sufficient education to qualify for

204-480: A princely state of British India under the political authority of the Madras Presidency . The state had an area of 4663 sq.m and, in 1901, a population of 380,000. The Rajas of Rajendrapuram were entitled to a 17-gun salute. The last Thondaiman raja of Rajendrapuram acceded to newly- independent India in 1948, and the state became a division of Tiruchirappalli District of Madras State . The state

272-708: A body of 26 UN agencies that work on water issues, is responsible for the triennial UN World Water Development Report which monitors progress towards the Millennium Development Goals related to water. The World Water Assessment Programme, which produces the Report, has articulated how eight of the MDGs are linked to water resources. This is provision of access to quality healthcare to the population in an efficient and consistent manner and according to their needs. The standard and level of provision that

340-637: A field trial, in two villages of what was then Sulla thana , of a campaign to combat diarrhoea. The following year they scaled up the operation and named it the Oral Therapy Extension Programme (OTEP). It taught rural mothers in their homes how to prepare an oral rehydration solution (ORS) from readily available ingredients and how to use it to treat diarrhoea. The training was reinforced with posters and radio and TV spots. The ten-year programme taught 12 million households spread over 75,000 villages in every part of Bangladesh except

408-597: A less developed society. That is partially why institutions such as the Center for Global Development are searching for "pro-poor" economic policies. Modern poverty reduction and development programmes often have dignity as a central theme. Dignity is also a central theme of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , the very first article of which starts with: The concept of dignity in development has been extensively explored by many, and related to all of

476-478: A more targeted approach by creating Village Organisations (VO) to assist the landless, small farmers, artisans, and vulnerable women. That same year BRAC set up a commercial printing press to help finance its activities. The handicraft retail chain called Aarong was established the following year. In the late 1970s, diarrhoea was a leading cause of child mortality in Bangladesh. In February 1979, BRAC began

544-713: A multi-country review of development progress, improved outcomes on these measures has generally been found to be driven by a combination of smart leadership, policies, institutions, and social networks, according to the Overseas Development Institute . Migration has throughout history also led to significant international development. As people move, their culture, knowledge, skills and technologies move with them. Migrants' ties with their past homes and communities lead to international relationships and further flows of goods, capital and knowledge. The value of remittances sent home by migrants in modern times

612-480: A periodic basis, possibly with a rural clinic serving several different communities. The provision of access to healthcare is both an engineering challenge as it requires infrastructure such as hospitals and transport systems and an education challenge as it requires qualified healthworkers and educated consumers. The fourth Millennium Development Goal is to reduce by two thirds the mortality rate among children under five . The fifth Millennium Development Goal

680-564: A set of obligations to the world community to meet and that other states, who have achieved those goals, have an obligation to help those who have not. As such they may represent an extension of the concept of human rights. The first seven Millennium Development Goals present measurable goals, while the eighth lists a number of 'stepping stone' goals – ways in which progress towards the first seven goals could be made. Each goal uses indicators based on statistical series collected and maintained by respected organisations in each relevant field (usually

748-406: Is acceptable or appropriate depends on many factors and is highly specific to country and location. For example, in a large city (whether in a 'developing' country or not), it is appropriate and often practical to provide a high standard hospital which can offer a full range of treatments; in a remote rural community it may be more appropriate and practical to provide a visiting healthworker on

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816-507: Is aimed at households which are too poor to access the benefits from development interventions such as microfinance and assists them to access mainstream development services. The program costs around US$ 35 million a year. BRAC is one of the largest NGOs involved in primary education in Bangladesh . As of the end of 2012, it had more than 22,700 non-formal primary schools with a combined enrollment of 670,000 children. Its schools constitute three-quarters of all NGO non-formal primary schools in

884-507: Is an engineering challenge, as well as a societal and political challenge as it includes education and behaviour change elements and is closely connected with shelter, politics and human rights. The seventh Millennium Development Goal was to ensure environmental sustainability , including reducing by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and achieving significant improvement in lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers, by 2020 . UN-Water ,

952-457: Is an approach to growth and human development that aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The aim is to have a society where living conditions and resources meet human needs without undermining planetary integrity . Sustainable development aims to balance the needs of the economy , environment , and social well-being . The Brundtland Report in 1987 helped to make

1020-404: Is concerned with ensuring that a development project or programme is of the correct scale and technical level, and is culturally and socially suitable for its beneficiaries. This should not be confused with ensuring something is low-technology, cheap or basic – a project is appropriate if it is acceptable to its recipients and owners, economically affordable and sustainable in the context in which it

1088-504: Is different from the simple concept of "development". Whereas the latter, at its most basic, denotes simply the idea of change through time, international development has come to refer to a distinct field of practice, industry, and research; the subject of university courses and professional categorisations. It remains closely related to the set of institutions—especially the Bretton Woods Institutions —that arose after

1156-431: Is executed. For example, in a rural sub-Saharan community it may not be appropriate to provide a chlorinated and pumped water system because it cannot be maintained or controlled adequately – simple hand pumps may be better; while in a big city in the same country it would be inappropriate to provide water with hand pumps, and the chlorinated system would be the correct response. The economist E. F. Schumacher championed

1224-602: Is located in the Arantangi Block in the Pudukkottai District of Tamil Nadu State, India. It is located 38 km East of the District headquarters, Pudukkottai, 6 km from Arantangi, and 412 km from State capital Chennai Silattur (4 km), Mangudi (5 km), Rethinakottai (5 km), Aliyanilai (5 km), Nattumangalam (5 km) are the nearby Villages to Rajendrapuram. Rajendrapuram

1292-573: Is much greater than the total in international aid given. International development and disaster relief are both often grouped into sectors, which correlate with the major themes of international development (and with the Millennium Development Goals – which are included in the descriptions below). There is no clearly defined list of sectors, but some of the more established and universally accepted sectors are further explored here. The sectors are highly interlinked, illustrating

1360-530: Is now focusing on long-term rehabilitation, which will include agriculture support, infrastructure reconstruction and livelihood regeneration. BRAC has a collaboration with Nike 's Girl Effect campaign to launch a new program to reach out to teenagers in Uganda and Tanzania . In 2006 BRAC received donations from the Directorate-General for International Cooperation (DGIS) and the Government of

1428-419: Is partly self-funded through a number of social enterprises. These include a retail fashion chain called Aarong that sells rural handicrafts, an agricultural seed business, a dairy, and a cold storage facility, among others. Between 2011 and 2015, surplus self-generated revenue from the organization's enterprises averaged $ 17 million annually. Historian Taj Hashmi has criticized BRAC's projects for exploiting

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1496-580: Is the condition of lacking economic access to fundamental human needs such as food, shelter and safe drinking water. While some define poverty primarily in economic terms, others consider social and political arrangements also to be intrinsic – often manifested in a lack of dignity . There are a number of theories about how desirable change in society is best achieved. Such theories draw on a variety of social scientific disciplines and approaches, and include historical theories such as: International development institutions and international organisations such as

1564-404: Is the strengthening of regional institutions necessary to support long-term economic, social, and political development. Education is another important aspect of international development. It is a good example of how the focus today is on sustainable development in these countries; education gives people the skills required to keep themselves out of poverty. International development is related to

1632-437: Is the true measure of human development. The concept of participation is concerned with ensuring that the intended beneficiaries of development projects and programmes are themselves involved in the planning and execution of those projects and programmes. This is considered important as it empowers the recipients of development projects to influence and manage their own development – thereby removing any culture of dependency . It

1700-596: Is to reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio . The sixth Millennium Development Goal is to halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and to halt and begin to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases . Reaching these goals is also a management challenge. Health services need to make the best use of limited resources while providing the same quality of care to every man, woman and child everywhere. Achieving this level of services requires innovation, quality improvement and expansion of public health services and programs. The main goal

1768-540: Is to make public health truly public. Examples of organizations working in health are: Rajendrapuram Rajendrapuram is a village in the Aranthangi revenue block of Pudukkottai district , Tamil Nadu , India. According to the Indian census of 2015 , Rajendrapuram had a total population of 4,860, consisting of 2,840 males and 2,020 females, of whom 3,720 people were literate. Rajendrapuram became

1836-554: Is widely considered to be one of the most important concepts in modern development theory. The UN System Network on Rural Development and Food Security describes participation as: one of the ends as well as one of the means of development Local participants in development projects are often products of oral communities . This has led to efforts to design project planning and organizational development methods, such as participatory rural appraisal , which are accessible to non-literate people. The concept of something being appropriate

1904-1536: Is worked, and silk and cotton fabrics, bell-metal vessels and perfumes are among the principal manufactures. There is also some export trade in groundnuts and tanning bark, with the tanning bark used in religious rituals due to its unique texture and scent. They live in more Muslim communities. Government High School Rajendrapuram Laurel High School SH 29; Koothadivayal; Tamil Nadu 614616; India 2.5 km distance Ai - Aman Metric Sec school Rajendrapuram Aranthangi taluk 1.0 km distance G.h.s.s.silattur silattur 4 km distance Ai - Aman Teacher Training Institute Address : Rajendrapuram Aranthangi Taluk 1.0 km distance NAINA MOHAMED ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE (Girl only) SH 29; Tamil Nadu 614616; India 1.0 km distance M S Polytechnic College Rajendrapuram, Aranthagi Taluk 1.5 km distance Jumma Masjid & Arabic School Rajendrapuram, Aranthangi T.k Tamil Nadu; India kulathukarai Pallivasal Rethinakottai Road, Rajendrapuram Sri Kallaperiyan Rajathi Amman Temple Rajendrapuram, Aranthangi T.k Tamil Nadu; India 0.7 km distance Sri Muni; Chinnakaruppar;Iyyanar Temple Rajendrapuram, Aranthangi T.k Tamil Nadu; India 0.8 km distance Sri Kaaliyamman Temple Rajendrapuram, Aranthangi T.k Tamil Nadu; India 0.8 km distance Sri Karuppayi Amman Temple Rajendrapuram, Aranthangi T.k Tamil Nadu; India 1.5 km distance Sri Sitthi Vinayagar Temple Rajendrapuram, Aranthangi T.k Tamil Nadu; India 1.7 km distance Rajendrapuram

1972-849: The Sustainable Development Goals to be achieved by 2030. For example, the Sustainable Development Goal 17 advocates for enhanced international support for capacity building in developing countries to support national plans to implement the 2030 Agenda .   Rights-based approach to development has been adopted by many nongovernmental organizations and the United Nations as the new approach to international development. Rights-based approach combines many different concepts of international development, such as capacity building , human rights , participation, and sustainability . The goal of

2040-603: The United Nations Millennium Declaration , which includes eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to be achieved by 2015. This represented the first time that a holistic strategy to meet the development needs of the world has been established, with measurable targets and defined indicators. Because the MDGs were agreed as global targets to be achieved by the global community, they are independent of, but by no means unrelated to, individual national interests. The goals imply that every state has

2108-650: The independence of Bangladesh , BRAC is present in all 64 districts of Bangladesh as well as 16 other countries in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. BRAC states that it employs over 90,000 people, roughly 70 percent of whom are women, and that it reaches more than 126 million people with its services. BRAC has operations in 12 countries of the world. Known formerly as the Bangladesh Rehabilitation Assistance Committee, then as

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2176-499: The 2007 Brunel Lecture by the ICE's 2009–2010 president Paul Jowitt , are representative of a change of approach in the UK at least to start drawing together the huge capacity available to western governments, industry, academia and charity to develop such a partnership. International development also aims to improve general government policies of these developing countries. " State building "

2244-405: The 8 goals. For example, by 2015 the extreme poverty rate had already been cut into half. Other targets achieved include access to safe drinking water, malaria, and gender equality in schooling. Yet, some scholars have argued that the MDGs lack the critical perspectives required to alleviate poverty and structures of inequality, reflected in the serious lags to achieving numerous other goals. As

2312-753: The Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee, and later as Building Resources Across Communities, BRAC was initiated in 1972 by Sir Fazle Hasan Abed at Shallah Upazillah in the district of Sunamganj as a large scale relief and rehabilitation project to help returning war refugees after the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971. Fourteen thousand homes had to be rebuilt as part of the relief effort, as well as several hundred fishing boats; BRAC claims to have done this within nine months, as well as opening medical centres and providing other essential services. Until

2380-502: The Chittagong Hill Tracts (which were unsafe to work in because of civil unrest). Fifteen years after they were taught, the vast majority of mothers could still prepare a safe and effective ORS. The treatment was little known in Bangladesh when OTEP began, but 15 years later it was used in rural households for severe diarrhoea more than 80% of the time, one of the highest rates in the world. Non Formal Primary Education

2448-556: The MDG era came to an end, 2015 marked the year that the United Nations General Assembly adopted a new agenda for development. Former UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon referred to this as a "defining moment in history" calling on states to "act in solidarity". Succeeding the MDG agenda, 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were created, with 169 indicators. UN resolution 70/1 adopted on September 25, 2015,

2516-623: The MDGs, the SDGs had been in discussion for months, involving civil society actors, NGOs, as well as an opening summit involving intergovernmental negotiations. The new global development agenda places a greater emphasis on collective action, combining the efforts of multiple stakeholders to increase the sustainability of the goals. This emphasis on sustainability has also led to more cross-sector partnerships, and combined international efforts across areas of environmental, social, cultural, political, and economic development. In 2000, United Nations signed

2584-712: The Netherlands / Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (EKN). In 2011 the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) joined the list of BRAC donors. In 2012 the Department for International Development (DFID), the Government of the UK and Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), and the Australian Government (SPA) (under the strategic partnership arrangement) became BRAC donors as well. BRAC

2652-543: The Second World War with a focus on economic growth, alleviating poverty, and improving living conditions in previously colonised countries. The international community has codified development aims in, for instance, the Millennium Development Goals (2000 to 2015) and the Sustainable Development Goals (2015 to 2030). The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) served a successful framework to guide international development efforts, having achieved progress on some of

2720-507: The UN agency responsible but also the OECD, IMF and World Bank) The MDGs have catalysed a significant amount of action, including new initiatives such as Millennium Promise . Most of these initiatives however work in small scale interventions which do not reach the millions of people required by the MDGs. Recent praise has been that it will be impossible to meet the first seven goals without meeting

2788-722: The UN promote the realisation of the fact that economic practices such as rapid globalisation and certain aspects of international capitalism can lead to, and, allegedly, have led to an economic divide between countries, sometimes called the north–south divide. Such organisations often make it a goal and to help reduce these divides by encouraging co-operation amongst the Global South and other practices and policies that can accomplish this. International development can also cause inequality between richer and poorer factions of one nation's society. For example, when economic growth boosts development and industrialisation , it can create

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2856-546: The Ultra Poor (CFPR-TUP) project was initiated in 2002. The ultra-poor are a group of people who eat below 80% of their energy requirements despite spending at least 80% of their income on food. In Bangladesh, they constitute the poorest 17.5 per cent of the population. These people suffer from chronic hunger and malnutrition, have inadequate shelter, are more prone to disease, are deprived of education and are more vulnerable to recurring natural disasters. The CFPR-TUP programme

2924-546: The United Kingdom Department for International Development in 1998 found that the programme had been successful, though not all the aims were achieved. BRAC's own evaluation in 1996 found "gradual improvements in the indicators such as wealth, revenue earning assets, the value of house structure, the level of cash earned, per capita expenditure on food, total household expenditure", but hoped-for improvements in village self-management had not taken place, and

2992-449: The better-paying jobs that mass-development brings about. This restricts poorer people to lesser-paying jobs but technological development makes some of these jobs obsolete (for example, by introducing electronic machines to take over a job, such as creating a series of machines such as lawn mowers to make people such as gardeners obsolete). This leads to a situation where poorer people cannot improve their lives as easily as they could have in

3060-561: The broken window ) through readily gathered (for developed countries) or estimated monetary proxies (estimated for severely undeveloped or isolationist countries) such as gross domestic product (GDP), often viewed alongside actuarial measures such as life expectancy . More recently, writers and practitioners have begun to discuss development in the more holistic and multi-disciplinary sense of human development. Other related concepts are, for instance, competitiveness , quality of life or subjective well-being . "International development"

3128-435: The cause of appropriate technology and founded the organization ITDG (Intermediate Technology Design Group), which develops and provides appropriate technologies for development (ITDG has now been renamed Practical Action ). The concept of right-financing has been developed to reflect the need for public and private financial support systems that foster and enable development, rather than hinder it. Sustainable development

3196-421: The cheap labour of rural women and children. An embroidered saree retailed at Aarong for 6,000 Bangladeshi taka ($ 120 as of 2000), for example, earned the embroiderer only 300 taka (less than $ 7). BRAC operates in 13 countries. International development Historically, development was largely synonymous with economic development, and especially its convenient but flawed quantification (see parable of

3264-442: The complexity of the problems they seek to deal with. In development, this is the provision of water and sanitation ( toilets , bathing facilities, a healthy environment) of sufficient quantity and quality to supply an acceptable standard of living . This is different from a relief response, where it is the provision of water and sanitation in sufficient quantity and quality to maintain life. The provision of water and sanitation

3332-447: The concept of international aid , but is distinct from, disaster relief and humanitarian aid . While these two forms of international support seek to alleviate some of the problems associated with a lack of development, they are most often short term fixes – they are not necessarily long-term solutions. International development, on the other hand, seeks to implement long-term solutions to problems by helping developing countries create

3400-414: The concept of sustainable development better known. Capacity building (or capacity development, capacity strengthening) is the improvement in an individual's or organization's facility (or capability) "to produce, perform or deploy".  The terms capacity building and capacity development have often been used interchangeably, although a publication by OECD-DAC stated in 2006 that capacity development

3468-565: The country. BRAC's education programme provides non-formal primary education to those left out of the formal education system, especially poor, rural, or disadvantaged children, and drop-outs. Its schools are typically one room with one teacher and no more than 33 students. Core subjects include mathematics, social studies and English. The schools also offer extracurricular activities. They incentivise schooling by providing food, allowing flexible learning hours, and conferring scholarships contingent on academic performance. Bangladesh has reduced

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3536-627: The development sectors. For example, in Development with Dignity Amit Bhaduri argues that full employment with dignity for all is both important and possible in India, while the UN Millennium Project's task force on Water and Sanitation links the sector directly to dignity in the report Health, Dignity and Development: What will it take? . The Asian Human Rights Commission released a statement in 2006 claiming that: Human dignity

3604-571: The different sectors above. Some of them are: An interesting way of seeing development is through modernization. This includes electronification of households and increases in phone plans. This does not accurately convey social development although it is hard to precisely measure, and institutions differ greatly in their methods. This goes into the debate on whether economic growth causes social growth or vice versa. Indicators of social change can be used to complement economic factors as indicators of development and in formulating development policies. In

3672-572: The drop-out rate of members was high. In 1991, the Women's Health Development programme commenced. The following year BRAC established a Centre for Development Management (CDM) in Rajendrapur . BRAC opened an Information Technology Institute in 1999. In 2001, BRAC established a university called BRAC University . BRAC has done what few others have – they have achieved success on a massive scale, bringing life-saving health programs to millions of

3740-471: The eighth by forming a Global Partnership for Development . No current organisation has the capacity to dissolve the enormous problems of the developing world alone – especially in cities, where an increasing number of poor people live – as demonstrated by the almost nonexistent progress on the goal of improving the lives of at least 100 Million slum dwellers. The Institution of Civil Engineers Engineering Without Frontiers panel and its recommendations, and

3808-485: The former system, poor countries were encouraged to undergo social and economical structural transformations as part of their development, creating industrialization and intentional industrial policy. Poverty reduction rejects this notion, consisting instead of direct budget support for social welfare programs that create macroeconomic stability leading to an increase in economic growth. The concept of poverty can apply to different circumstances depending on context. Poverty

3876-817: The gap between male and female attendance in schools. The improvement in female enrollment, which has largely been at the primary level, is in part attributable to BRAC. Roughly 60% of the students in their schools are girls. BRAC also runs a university called BRAC University. BRAC started providing public healthcare in 1972 with an initial focus on curative care through paramedics and a self-financing health insurance scheme. The programme went on to offer integrated healthcare services. BRAC's 2007 impact assessment of its North West Microfinance Expansion Project testified to increased awareness of legal issues, including those of marriage and divorce, among women participants in BRAC programs. Furthermore, women participants' self-confidence

3944-415: The mid-1970s, BRAC concentrated on community development through village development programmes that included agriculture, fisheries, cooperatives , rural crafts, adult literacy , health and family planning, vocational training for women and the construction of community centres. A Research and Evaluation Division (RED) was set up to evaluate its activities and decide direction, and in 1977, BRAC began taking

4012-521: The necessary capacity needed to provide such sustainable solutions to their problems. A truly sustainable development project is one which will be able to carry on indefinitely with no further international involvement or support, whether it be financial or otherwise. International development projects may consist of a single, transformative project to address a specific problem or a series of projects targeted at several aspects of society. Promoted projects are ones which involve problem solving that reflects

4080-482: The repayment rate is over 98%. BRAC started a community empowerment programme back in 1988 all over the country. BRAC founded its retail outlet, Aarong (Bengali for "village fair") in 1978 to market and distribute products made by indigenous peoples. Aarong services about 65,000 artisans, and sells gold and silver jewellery, handloom, leather crafts, etc. The Challenging the Frontiers of Poverty Reduction: Targeting

4148-507: The rights-based approach to development is to empower the rights-holders, or the group that does not exercise full rights, and strengthen the capacity of the duty-bearers, or the institution or government obligated to fill these rights. The judging of how developed a country or a community is highly subjective, often highly controversial, and very important in judging what further development is necessary or desirable. There are many different measures of human development, many of them related to

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4216-634: The unique culture, politics, geography, and economy of a region. More recently, the focus in this field has been projects that aim towards empowering women, building local economies, and caring for the environment. In context of human development it usually encompasses foreign aid , governance , healthcare , education , poverty reduction , gender equality , disaster preparedness , infrastructure , economics , human rights , environment and issues associated with these. During recent decades, development thinking has shifted from modernization and structural adjustment programs to poverty reduction . Under

4284-671: The world's poorest people. They remind us that even the most intractable health problems are solvable, and inspire us to match their success throughout the developing world. Bill Gates , Co-chair, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Global Health Award, 2004 Microfinance, introduced in 1974, is BRAC's oldest programme. It spans all districts of Bangladesh. It provides collateral-free loans to mostly poor, landless, rural women, enabling them to generate income and improve their standards of living . BRAC's microcredit program has funded over $ 1.9 billion in loans in its first 40 years. 95% of BRAC's microloan customers are women. According to BRAC,

4352-622: Was boosted and the incidence of domestic violence was found to have declined. One of the most prominent forms of violence against women, acid throwing , has been decreasing by 15-20% annually since the enactment in 2002 of legislation specifically targeting acid violence. BRAC conducted one of the largest NGO responses to Cyclone Sidr which hit vast areas of the south-western coast of Bangladesh in mid-November 2007. BRAC distributed emergency relief materials, including food and clothing, to over 900,000 survivors, provided medical care to over 60,000 victims and secured safe supplies of drinking water. BRAC

4420-430: Was reorganised twice in the succeeding decade, taking its present form in 1956; it was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1968. On 14 January 1974, the present Pudukkottai District was formed from parts of Tiruchirappalli and Thanjavur districts. The state consists mainly of an undulating plain, with the land mostly barren; it is interspersed with rocky hills, especially in the southwest. Granite and laterite are quarried, red ochre

4488-510: Was started by BRAC in 1985. In 1979, BRAC started a Rural Development Programme (RDP). This was intended to give members access to credit and to savings facilities. The programme involved considerable growth in the number of people who were members of BRAC: in 1989, three years after the start of the Rural Development Programme, there were 350,000 members, and by 1995 there were 1.2 to 1.5 million members. An evaluation by

4556-475: Was the preferable term. Since the 1950s, international organizations, governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and communities use the concept of capacity building as part of " social and economic development " in national and subnational plans. The United Nations Development Programme defines itself by "capacity development" in the sense of "'how UNDP works" to fulfill its mission. The UN system applies it in almost every sector, including several of

4624-476: Was titled "Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development", solidifying 17 new goals that had been in motion since 2014. The goals came into force in January 2016, focusing on areas of climate change, economic inequality, democracy, poverty, and peacebuilding. Although the SDGs were built on the foundation of the MDGs, there are some key differences in both processes. Before adoption, unlike

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