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35-655: Bar Topolski (previously known as the Topolski Century and Memoir of the 20th Century ) is a bar and cafe in the Hungerford Bridge arches on the South Bank in London , England . Previously a gallery, it presented a large artwork by Feliks Topolski (1907–1989). In 2013, as a result of low visitor numbers and rising rents, the gallery became a bar, with some of the artwork remaining on display and

70-626: A London building or structure is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article relating to a museum in the United Kingdom is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Hungerford Bridge The Hungerford Bridge crosses the River Thames in London, and lies between Waterloo Bridge and Westminster Bridge . Owned by Network Rail Infrastructure Ltd (who use its official name of Charing Cross Bridge ) it

105-472: A contribution to "the appropriate, and appropriately civilized, cityscape for a prosperous commercial society." John Thwaites, the chair of the Metropolitan Board of Works, made note that the embankments were an important step in making London recognised as an exemplary imperial city, and that the embankments were the greatest public work to be taken in London. This imperial power was represented in

140-547: A loop right up until the end of the original tramway system in London in 1952. London River Services boat services operate from Westminster Millennium Pier , Embankment Pier and Blackfriars Millennium Pier at points along Victoria Embankment. Pleasure cruises operate from Savoy Pier . London's east–west Cycleway 3 , a kerb-protected cycle track across London, runs along most of the Victoria Embankment: it opened in 2016. The embankments were designed as

175-645: A major thoroughfare for road traffic between the City of Westminster and the City of London. It is noted for several memorials, such as the Battle of Britain Monument , permanently berthed retired vessels, such as HMS President , and public gardens, including Victoria Embankment Gardens . The Victoria Embankment was preceded by many earlier works along the tidal Thames, including central London. The Victoria Embankment

210-487: A new type of cofferdam , a structure used to keep water out of the construction site, which was crucial for building along the tidal Thames. In December 1878 Victoria Embankment became the first street in Britain to be permanently lit by electricity. The light was provided by 20 Yablochkov candles powered by a Gramme DC generator . 16 March 1879 the system was extended to 40 lamps and 10 October to 55 lamps. Previously

245-521: A structure designed by Sir John Hawkshaw , comprising nine spans made of wrought iron lattice girders, which opened in 1864. The chains from the old bridge were re-used in Bristol 's Clifton Suspension Bridge . The original brick pile buttresses of Brunel's footbridge are still in use, though the one on the Charing Cross side is now much closer to the river bank than it was originally, due to

280-626: Is a steel truss railway bridge flanked by two more recent, cable-stayed, pedestrian bridges that share the railway bridge's foundation piers, and which are named the Golden Jubilee Bridges . The north end of the bridge is Charing Cross railway station , and is near Embankment Pier and the Victoria Embankment . The south end is near Waterloo station , County Hall , the Royal Festival Hall , and

315-585: The London Eye . Each pedestrian bridge has steps and lift access. The first Hungerford Bridge, designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel , opened in 1845 as a suspension footbridge . It was named after the then Hungerford Market , because it went from the South Bank, specifically a northern point of Lambeth, soon close to London Waterloo station to that place on the north side of the Thames, specifically to

350-655: The Savoy Hotel and Savoy Place are located between the Embankment and the Strand . London Underground stations along Victoria Embankment are Embankment and Temple . London Buses route N550 is the only bus route along the Embankment, providing an overnight service when the tube is shut. Victoria Embankment was also the southern end of the Kingsway Tramway Subway . It was also used by trams as

385-677: The Specialist category in the Royal Fine Art Commission Building of the Year Award in 2003. It gained a Structural Achievement Award commendation in the 2004 Institution of Structural Engineers awards, and has won awards from the Civic Trust and for its lighting design. In 2014, the planning application for the now cancelled Garden Bridge , revealed in its assessment of pedestrian movement across

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420-419: The Thames mud. Despite extensive surveys of the riverbed, London Underground was unwilling to accept these risks and preliminary works were stopped in 2000. The design was modified so that the support structure on the north side, which would have been within 15 m (49 ft) of the tube lines, was moved out of the river bed and onto Victoria Embankment. Excavation near the tube lines was carried out when

455-530: The Thames that the footbridges are the busiest in London, with an estimated footfall of 8.5 million each year. Victoria Embankment Victoria Embankment is part of the Thames Embankment , a road and river-walk along the north bank of the River Thames in London, England. Built in the 1860s, it runs from the Palace of Westminster to Blackfriars Bridge in the City of London , and acts as

490-428: The building of the Victoria Embankment , completed in 1870. The buttress on the South Bank side still has the entrances and steps from the original steamer pier Brunel built on to the footbridge. To compensate for the removal of the footbridge, walkways were added on each side, with the western one later being removed when the railway was widened. Another walkway was temporarily added in 1951 when an Army Bailey bridge

525-483: The cable stays suspended from the pylons. The concrete deck was then lowered into its final position and the temporary piers and supports were dismantled. The design of the bridges is complex. Each of the two decks is supported by inclined outward-leaning pylons. The decks are suspended from fans of slender steel rods called deck stays—there are 180 on each deck, made up of over 4 km (2.5 mi) of cable—and are held in position by other rods called backstays. Because

560-400: The embankments' grandeur and could be seen in the way they controlled nature, linking the local experience of nature in London to the global rivalries of imperial powers. On the river side, new steamboat piers and landing stairs were designed for river access. Above ground were tree lined roadway and pedestrian walkways, surfaced with York paving stone and decorative gaslight posts for the top of

595-550: The market (later Charing Cross Station) about 200 yards or metres east of Trafalgar Square partly in the parish of Saint Martin in the Fields, Westminster , the spire of which can be seen from the bridge. In 1859 the original bridge was bought by the railway company extending the South Eastern Railway into the newly opened Charing Cross railway station . The railway company replaced the suspension bridge with

630-403: The other stretches from Hungerford Bridge to Waterloo Bridge . The gardens contain many statues, including a monument to Bazalgette. The section of the gardens between Waterloo Bridge and Charing Cross station also includes a large bandstand , where musical performances are given, and the 1626 watergate of the former York House built for the first Duke of Buckingham . The Victoria section

665-761: The other two parts being the Albert Embankment , from the Lambeth end of Westminster Bridge to Vauxhall; and the Chelsea Embankment , extending from Millbank to the Cadogan Pier at Chelsea, close by Battersea Bridge . It was a project of the Metropolitan Board of Works . The contractor for the work was Thomas Brassey . The original impetus was the need to provide London with a modern sewerage system . Another major consideration

700-475: The purchase of property at £450,000. The total cost includes the cost of materials used in the construction of the embankment. Construction of the Victoria Embankment proved to be difficult because of the grandness of it. Parliament was assured that three years would be ample time to complete the project, which did not hold true. In addition to not having a large enough labour force to complete

735-404: The pylons lean the back stays are under tension. The deck is secured in place by steel collars fitted around (although not supported by) the pillars of the railway bridge; the collars are themselves attached to the bridge's foundations by tie-down rods. The entire structure is thus held in place by exploiting the tensions between the pylons and the various stay rods and struts. The new bridges won

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770-681: The remainder being moved to a private studio. The work was started in 1975 and opened by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh in 1984. It presents a panoramic view of key events and people in the 20th century. This installation forms a mural that is 600 feet (180 m) long and 12–20 feet (4–6 m) high. The artist worked on the panels from 1975 until his death. Feliks Topolski: Tate Britain Feliks Topolski: National Galleries of Scotland 51°30′17″N 0°06′57″W  /  51.5048°N 0.1157°W  / 51.5048; -0.1157 This article about

805-438: The scene of a murder in 1999. In the mid-1990s a decision was made to replace the footbridge with new structures on either side of the existing railway bridge, and a competition was held in 1996 for a new design. Further justification for new footbridge structures on the west flank and east flank was that the brittle wrought iron support pillars of Sir John Hawkshaw's railway bridge were vulnerable to impact from riverboats. It

840-511: The street had been lit by gas, and in June 1884, gas lighting was re-established as electricity was not competitive. The Victoria Embankment (part of the A3211 road ) starts at Westminster Bridge , just north of the Palace of Westminster , then follows the course of the north bank, past Hungerford Bridge and Waterloo Bridge , before ending at Blackfriars Bridge in the City . Shell Mex House ,

875-635: The tube was closed, and foundations were hand-dug for additional security. The two new 4-metre (13 ft) wide footbridges were completed in 2002. They were named the Golden Jubilee Bridges, in honour of the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II , although in practice they are often still referred to as the "Hungerford Footbridges". The 300 m (980 ft) long decks were raised using an innovative method called incremental launching , in which each 50 m (160 ft) long section

910-491: The two bridges was carried out by consulting engineers Gifford , now Ramboll UK. The steelwork for the new footbridges was fabricated by Butterley Engineering Ltd. of Ripley, Derbyshire. Their construction was complicated by the need to keep the railway bridge operating without interruptions, the Bakerloo line tunnels passing only a few feet under the river bed, and the potential danger of unexploded World War II bombs in

945-727: The wall. Ships permanently moored by Victoria Embankment include HMS President , HQS Wellington , and PS Tattershall Castle . Other notable attractions include the General Charles Gordon Memorial, Royal Air Force Memorial , National Submarine War Memorial , Battle of Britain Monument , Cleopatra's Needle and the modernistic Cleopatra's Kiosk . 51°30′26″N 0°07′18″W  /  51.50722°N 0.12167°W  / 51.50722; -0.12167 Winchester, Clarence, ed. (1938). "London's Riverside Highways". Wonders of World Engineering . London: Amalgamated Press. pp. 677–682. Describes

980-426: The work on schedule, the project's architect and property appraiser were challenged in successfully securing rights to all the wharves and other property that were required for access and storage during the project's construction. They also ran into difficulty in acquiring contracts to maintain access to the steamboat landings at Westminster and Hungerford. In addition, extra time and money were spent experimenting with

1015-455: Was constructed for the Festival of Britain . In 1980 a temporary walkway was erected on the western side while the eastern railway bridge and walkway were refurbished. It is one of three bridges in London to carry pedestrians and rolling stock; the others being Fulham Railway Bridge and Barnes Bridge . The footbridge gained a reputation for being narrow, dilapidated and dangerous; it was

1050-416: Was designed by civil engineer Francis Webb Sheilds , who submitted designs to a Royal Commission appointed in 1861. Following acceptance of the designs, construction was carried out by the Metropolitan Board of Works on the lines of his scheme. Construction, which started in 1865, was completed in 1870 under the direction of Joseph Bazalgette . The Victoria Embankment was one element of a three-part work,

1085-407: Was faced with granite, and penstocks , designed to open at ebb tide to release diluted sewage when rainstorms flooded the system, were built into it as a means of preventing backups in the drainage system and of periodically flushing the mud banks. At ground level, in addition to the new roads, two public gardens were laid out. One of these backs onto the government buildings of Whitehall , and

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1120-461: Was felt, especially following the Marchioness disaster , that these should be clad in concrete at water level; but the bridge's owners, Railtrack , could not afford the work. The Golden Jubilee Bridges achieved this protection at no cost to Railtrack. The concept design for the new footbridges was won by architects Lifschutz Davidson Sandilands and engineers WSP Group . Detailed design of

1155-402: Was pulled across the river using a 250 m (820 ft) long steel truss weighing 300 tonnes . This process was repeated five times until each deck spanned the river, supported by six temporary piers made of steel and concrete. The seven 25-tonne pylons were then raised over the subsequent two weeks. Once the pylons had been installed, the decks were jacked up to enable their connection with

1190-457: Was the most complex of the three sections. It was much larger, more complex and more significant to the metropolis than the other two and officially opened on 13 July 1870 by the Prince of Wales and Princess Louise . When people refer to "the Embankment" they are usually referring to that portion of it. The total cost of the construction of the Victoria Embankment is estimated to be £1,260,000 and

1225-465: Was the relief of congestion on the Strand and Fleet Street . The project involved building out on to the foreshore of the River Thames , narrowing the river. The construction work required the purchase and demolition of much expensive riverside property. The cut-and-cover tunnel for the District Railway was built within the Embankment and roofed over to take the roadway. The embankment

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