23-548: Barkur (also spelt Barcoor ) is an area in the Brahmavara taluk, Udupi district of Karnataka state in India , comprising three villages, Hosala, Hanehalli, and Kachoor. The area is located on the bank of River Seetha . It is also referred to as a "temple town". Barkur is located 16 km from Udupi , another ancient city, and 3 km from Brahmavara , a taluk of Udupi. The Seetha River flows through Barkur and joins
46-474: A daughter of Harihara. This shows that Harihara was associated with the Hoysala Court. Immediately after coming to power, he built a fort at Barkuru , on the west coast of present-day Karnataka. It appears from inscriptions that he was administering the northern parts of present-day Karnataka from his seat at Gooty (Gutti), Ananthpur district in 1339. He initially controlled the northern portions of
69-843: A sub capital of the Hoysala kings for some period. According to Kerala Muslim tradition, Barkur was home to one of the oldest mosques in Indian subcontinent . According to the Legend of Cheraman Perumals , the first Indian mosque was built in 624 AD at Kodungallur with the mandate of the last ruler (the Cheraman Perumal) of Chera dynasty . According to Qissat Shakarwati Farmad , the Masjids at Kodungallur, Kollam , Madayi , Barkur, Mangalore , Kasaragod , Kannur , Dharmadam , Panthalayani (Koyilandy), and Chaliyam , were built during
92-414: Is entirely hewn out of stone with a slanted stone roof and etched stone pillars. The stone walls of this temple display beautiful sculptures and it is apparent that this mammoth structure has withstood the ravages of time. The Panchalingeshwara Temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva, is Barkur's largest temple, and is one of the oldest in the town. Its double-storied gateway, with a pillared verandah on either sides,
115-404: Is most alluring. The rear side of the temple has an elephant-back-like curvilinear structure. The pillars that surround the circumambulatory path of the temple are decorated with carvings depicting mythological characters. A 20-feet monolithic stone pillar is erected at the entrance. The temples were elegantly designed with carvings and embellishments, but are now in ruins. The twenty-four dents in
138-708: Is now an excursion site. Brahmavara Brahmavar is a taluk in Udupi district located on NH 66 (formerly NH 17), 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) north of the Udupi in Karnataka , India. Brahmavara is about 68 kilometres (40 mi) north of Mangalore and about 13 kilometres (10 mi) north of Udupi on the National highway NH 66 (formerly NH 17). The Suvarna and Sita Rivers, originating in Western Ghats , form backwaters around Brahmavara before joining
161-410: Is surrounded by stone walls otherwise known as Prangan, with sloping stone pillars over it. The original Mahavira idol was destroyed but has been replaced by stone tablets with animal figures that are a later addition. Katthale Basadi consists of Navranga with Nagkaali, Shiva, Vishnu and Jain deities with separate temples. It proves the existence of changing kingdoms with various rulers trying to control
184-624: The Arabian Sea near Hangarkatte. Brahmavara is surrounded by several villages, including Handadi, Baikady, Pethri, Kunjal, Kumragod, Salikeri, Haradi and Matapadi. Barkur is to the north of Brahmavara, and the temple city Udupi to its south. Harihara I Harihara I , also called Hakka and Vira Harihara I , was the founder of the Vijayanagara Empire , in present-day Karnataka , India, which he ruled from 18 April 1336 to 20 November 1355. He and his successors formed
207-579: The Arabian Sea . Barkur was the ancient capital of the Alupa kingdom. It was known as Barakanyapura and later as Barakkanur. The rulers were known as Tuluva rulers. They spoke Tulu language . Many ancient inscriptions found in Barkur are in Tulu language . These are an essential part of history of Tulunadu . The Coastal Town of Barkur was also a flourishing port in the 15th and 16th centuries. At that time Barkur
230-479: The Hoysala Kingdom before taking full control over its entire range after the death of Hoysala Veera Ballala III in 1343. Kannada inscriptions of his time call him Karnataka Vidya Vilas ("master of great knowledge and skills"), Bhashege tappuva rayara ganda ("punisher of those feudatories who don't keep their promise"), and Arirayavibhada ("fire to enemy kings"). Among his brothers, Kampana governed
253-588: The Nellur region, Muddppa administered the Mulabagalu region, Marappa oversaw Chandragutti and Bukka Raya was his second in command. His initial military exploits established his control over the valley of Tungabhadra River , and gradually he expanded his control to certain regions of Konkan and Malabar Coast . By that time, the Hoysala ruler Veera Ballala III had died fighting the Sultan of Madurai , and
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#1732798373813276-551: The Sangama dynasty , the first of four dynasties to rule the empire. He was the eldest son of Bhavana Sangama . the chieftain of a cowherd pastoralist community, who claimed Yadava descent. The early life of Hakka and his brother Bukka is relatively unknown and most accounts are based on speculative theories. According to the theories, Bukka and Hakka were commanders in the army of the Kakatiya King of Warangal . After
299-574: The Delhi sultans. He strengthened the old fort of Badami as a protection against invasions from Delhi rulers. He fortified Gooty in Anantpur District as a safeguard against Hoysala kings. He also converted Udayagiri into a strong fort and placed his younger brother Kampana in charge of it. With the help of his able minister Anantarasa Chikka Udaiya, he reorganized the civil administration that survived for more than two hundred years. Under
322-505: The King of Warangal was defeated by Muhammad bin Tughlaq , Bukka and his brother were taken prisoners and sent to Delhi, where they both converted to Islam. Bukka and his brother eventually escaped, reverted to Hinduism under the influence of the sage Vidyaranya , and founded the Vijayanagara Empire . Ballappa Dandanayaka, a nephew of the Hoysala king Veera Ballala III , had married
345-413: The city both politically and in terms of religion. The Barkur fort was built by Harihara I , founder of the Vijayanagara Empire . The Barkur fort is spread across 20 acres of land. Inside the fort there are ruins of the kingdom. There are pillars used to tie horses and elephants which formed the part of the army. This fort was excavated several years ago by the archaeologists in a few acres of land, which
368-621: The era of Malik Dinar , and they are among the oldest Masjid s in Indian Subcontinent . The temples at Barkur have a distinct architecture. The sloping terracotta-tiled roofs bear resemblance to the temples of Kerala, but they do not have gopurams, a common feature of the Dravidian style South Indian temples. Chowlikere Ganapathy Temple was constructed 900 years back, during the Chola Period. The Bairagi Ganapathy Temple
391-507: The most distinguished amongst the five rulers (Panchasangamas) of the Sangama dynasty. Harihara was an able administrator. Vijayanagar was the first southern Indian state to have hegemony over three major linguistic and cultural regions and to have established a degree of political unity among them. The administration of the kingdom sporadically achieved some degree of centralization, although centrifugal tendencies regularly appeared. To
414-419: The nayankara system, military commanders were appointed 'nayaka' (local governor) and granted income from estates for the purpose of raising troops and maintain control over local chiefs. In order to increase the resources of the state, he forced the farmers to cut down forests and bring this land under cultivation. The kingdom was divided into sthalas, nadus and simas. A number of officers were appointed to run
437-433: The original five rajyas (provinces) held by the Sangama brothers , new ones were added as territories were conquered . Within and among these regions, a complex mosaic of rival chiefly houses exercised power to varying degrees, though not with the virtual autonomy that some historians have suggested . The central administration had both a revenue and a military side, but the actual business of raising taxes and troops
460-478: The stone are the only evidence of the existence of idols of the twenty-four Jain thirthankaras. There are three main structures in a big courtyard with a victory pillar at the entrance. Archaeologists say that they were built between the 8th and 12th century A.D. Built by the Alupa rulers, the Jain Basadi, unlike most South Indian temples built in the Dravidian style, does not have a gopuram. The sanctum sanctorum
483-544: The vacuum thus created allowed Harihara to emerge as a sovereign power with all the Hoysala territories under his rule. An inscription dated 1346 regarding a grant to the Sringeri matha describes Harihara I as the ruler of "whole country between the eastern and the western seas " and describes Vidya Nagara (that is, the city of learning) as his capital. Harihara I was succeeded by his brother Bukka I who emerged as
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#1732798373813506-440: Was mostly the responsibility of the provincial governors and their subordinates. The central government maintained a relatively small body of troops, but it assigned a value to the lands held by the provincial governors and determined the number of troops that were to be supplied from the revenues of each province. Harihara was fully conscious of the dangers which the parvenu state faced both from both Hindu rival kings and
529-581: Was referred as Capital of Alupa kingdom. Apart from the Alupa rulers, Alupa rulers made Barkur as their capital. Archaeological findings suggest that Barkur was a province under the Vijayanagar Empire in the 14th century A.D. Pandarideva was the Governor of this province under the regime of Harihara II . There are remains of two forts built by the Alupas and Vijayanagara governors. It was also
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