Moulsham is a suburb of Chelmsford, Essex , England. It is located to the south of the city centre and has two distinct areas: Old Moulsham and Moulsham Lodge.
41-456: Barnham may refer to: People [ edit ] Alice Barnham (1592-1650), the wife Francis Bacon Benedict Barnham (c.1559-1598), an English merchant Stephen Barnham (died 1608), MP for Chichester, West Sussex Places [ edit ] Barnham, Suffolk , a village and civil parish in Suffolk, England Barnham, West Sussex ,
82-666: A fortnight after Bacon's death from pneumonia on 9 April 1626, Alice, Lady St Albans, married courtier John Underhill , at the Church of St Martin in the Fields , London, 20 April 1626. Soon after, on 12 July 1626, Charles I of England knighted him at Oatlands . They lived together at Old Gorhambury House , St Albans , Hertfordshire. The Viscountess St Albans, as she still preferred to be called, spent much of her marriage in Chancery proceedings, lawsuits over property. The first year
123-474: A fifth, Benedicta, died at the age of 16 days. Her father died 4 April 1598, when Alice was not even six, but Alice was apparently a favourite, as his will said: I give to my daughter, Alice Barneham, my lease of certain lands at Moulsham and Chelmsford in the County of Essex . And if it happen that the same Alice doe die and unmarried then I give the same lease to Elizabeth my eldest daughter, etc. Her mother
164-501: A fire. The vacant factory was occupied in 1902 by Clarkson's, who made steam omnibuses at the site until 1917 and branched out into bus operating as ‘National’ converting to petrol buses in 1920 – the name surviving in the town and beyond until the 1990s. In 1898, Guglielmo Marconi set up the world's first radio factory in Hall Street in a furniture shop, itself a converted Silk Mill adjacent to water board premises. Radio equipment
205-503: A friend of Bacon's, and the fourth married Sir William Soames . After her father's death, Alice was brought up in the family of Sir John Pakington, who was a great favourite of Queen Elizabeth , known as "Lusty Pakington" for his magnificence of living. He owned several estates that hosted royalty, including King James I of England on his way from Scotland to take possession of the English throne in 1603. The family's favourite home
246-537: A large dowry and extensive property, including some property of Alice that Sir John did not have rights to, and could only inherit after her death. Their petition to court stated that Bacon had tricked Underhill "who was an almost totally deaf man, and by reason of the weakness of his eyes and the infirmity in his head, could not read writings of that nature without much pain," to sign a paper not knowing what it contained. In 1639, Viscountess St Albans and Sir John Underhill became estranged, and began to live separately. In
287-408: A later lawsuit, after her death, Underhill blamed Robert Tyrrell, or Turrell, their manservant, for this alienation of affections. In her will of 1642, she left half her property to Turrell, and other property to her nephew, Stephen Soames. She was buried in the old Parish Church of Eyworth , Bedfordshire, 9 July 1650, near her mother, and her sister, Lady Dorothy Constable. Moulsham Moulsham
328-551: A new bridge was constructed across the River Can restoring the route of the old Roman road along what is now Moulsham Street. In AD 1199 Chelmsford was formally founded by the Bishop of London, William of Sainte-Mère-Église when he was granted the right to hold a weekly market at ‘Chelmersford’ around which a new town was formed. In the years that followed Moulsham remained a distinct hamlet separate from Chelmsford. Rivalry between
369-429: A parallel alignment, New London Road was not a ‘by-pass’ of Moulsham Street in the modern sense of the word; rather it was constructed as an alternative route with its new residences enabling merchandisers to move ‘out of town’. Moulsham was effectively swallowed by Chelmsford during Victorian expansion of the town. The influx of people into the area led to a school being constructed next to St John's Church in 1840, which
410-627: A village and civil parish in West Sussex, England Barnham Broom , a village and civil parish in Norfolk, England Other uses [ edit ] Barnham railway station , a railway station serving Barnham, West Sussex Barnham railway station (Suffolk) , a former railway station serving Barnham, Suffolk RAF Barnham , a chemical and nuclear weapons store near Barnham, Suffolk See also [ edit ] Barnum (disambiguation) Branham (disambiguation) Topics referred to by
451-413: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Alice Barnham Alice Barnham, Viscountess St Albans (14 May 1592 – 1650) was the wife of English scientific philosopher and statesman Francis Bacon . She was born 14 May 1592, to Benedict Barnham and his wife, Dorothy , née Smith. Benedict Barnham (1559–1598) was a London merchant, who held
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#1732781138053492-615: Is located on the south side of the River Chelmer. Moulsham Street follows the line of the former Roman road and it is a designated Conservation Area. The fertile Chelmer Valley has been a focus for human activities from the beginning of the Neolithic period (c.4000BC), with ceramics of this period having been found during excavation in the Moulsham Street area. These excavations also revealed evidence for settlement through
533-420: Is now Anchor Street. Chelmsford has a large number of pubs, many of which are relatively old with their roots in the coaching days. The number of pubs in and around Moulsham Street was boosted in the nineteenth century, no doubt in response to the presence of soldiers in the town (the barracks occupying the site of the old friary at the town end of Moulsham Street) and the continued growth of Chelmsford reflecting
574-449: Is now a residential neighbourhood known as Moulsham Lodge. The Mildmay family effectively controlled Chelmsford for almost 300 years. Moulsham developed into a modest village and a number of the buildings that remain still show their mediaeval origin. The Walker map of Moulsham hamlet in 1591 shows a ribbon of timber-framed houses extending from the Can to a field entrance in the vicinity of what
615-536: The Marquis of Buckingham for the restoration of some of Bacon's salary and pensions, to no effect. They lost York House and left the city in 1622. Reports of increasing friction in the marriage appeared, with speculation that some of this may have also been due to financial resources not being as abundantly available to Alice as she was accustomed to in the past. Alice was reportedly interested in fame and fortune, and when reserves of money were no longer available, there
656-724: The "handsome wench" of thirteen, according to his bargain with the King and Cecil. The Bacons' early married life was disturbed several times by quarrels between Sir John Pakington and Dorothy, when Dorothy would appeal to her powerful son-in-law, and Francis Bacon would try to stay out from between them. Once Bacon was even a judge on the High Commission and had to reject a lawsuit from Dorothy against John which had put John in prison. Alice Bacon and her mother Dorothy were both reported by contemporaries as having extravagant tastes, and being interested in wealth and power. However, early in
697-518: The Abbot of Westminster and the Bishop of London resulted in the growth of Chelmsford into a prosperous trading centre, while Moulsham became the poor relation, accommodating the destitute and socially unacceptable members of the community, at one time containing a leper colony, much later a gaol and workhouse. A Dominican friary was built at the north end of Moulsham (in the vicinity of what is now Friar's Walk) between 1221 and 1277, and this survived until
738-552: The Bronze Age and late Iron Age. Significant habitation at Moulsham can be traced back to Roman times, preceding the origins of Chelmsford itself. Moulsham Street is perhaps the oldest street in the city. Soon after the rebellion of Boudica in AD 60, a small Roman military fort was built on the southern banks of the River Can near an important road bridge crossing midway between Colchester and London. A civilian town soon grew up around
779-643: The Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1538 when the friary and later the manor of Moulsham were purchased by the Mildmay family. In 1563 the same family also acquired the manor of Chelmsford from Queen Elizabeth I, resulting in Moulsham and Chelmsford being owned by the same lord. The Mildmay family lived at Moulsham Hall, a large mansion in grounds to the south of what was to become Old Moulsham on land that
820-539: The Grove Tennis Club, the privately owned Spring Health Leisure Club and the council run Dovedale Leisure Centre. There is Oaklands Park, with 12 acres (49,000 m ) of grounds containing the Chelmsford Museum . In between Old Moulsham and Moulsham Lodge is John Shennan Playing field, built on top of a disused refuse tip. The city council is now undertaking mass tree planting on sections of
861-494: The Mildmay estate and adjoining land to the south became available for purchase, which enabled the rapid and significant expansion of Chelmsford. At this time a group of local enterprising (non-conformist) businessmen surreptitiously acquired land in several lots, and were thus able to form what is now New London Road, disposing of plots with strict covenants to realise a grand design: ‘a handsome road of highly ornamental mansions’ as an elegant approach to Chelmsford. Whilst it followed
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#1732781138053902-868: The Moulsham Traders Association. There are many offices along New London Road, often housing professionals, such as real estate agents, renewable energy companies, solicitors and accountants. Moulsham Lodge has a shopping parade of a dozen units catering for needs of the immediate estate and the adjoining area of Tile Kiln, also containing a small parade of five shops and a pub, which lies between Moulsham Lodge and Galleywood. There are several schools and colleges within Moulsham. These include: Moulsham Infant School, Oaklands Infant School, Moulsham Junior School, St Anne's Preparatory School, St Philip's Priory School, St. Cedd's Primary School, Our Lady Immaculate RC Primary School, Moulsham High School and Chelmsford College . Sports facilities include:
943-540: The River Can, the main route between Colchester and London was diverted to a crossing point at Widford several miles west of Moulsham. After the Norman Conquest of 1066, Moulsham was owned by the Abbot of Westminster; the land on the Chelmsford side of the River Can was owned by the Bishop of London. Records at this time refer to a place named Ceolmaer's Ford on the northern banks of the Can. Around AD 1100
984-475: The area defined by what are now Moulsham Street/Hall Street/Hamlet Road and Mildmay Road. The town was defended by substantial banks and ditches and contained public baths and a temple. The Roman town was abandoned in the 5th Century AD. The nearest centres of population at this time would have been small Saxon farmsteads to the north of what is now Chelmsford. Following the collapse of the Roman wooden bridge across
1025-464: The country's first electrical engineering works at his Arc Works in Anchor Street, a site that had been in industrial use principally as an iron works since 1833. Crompton was a pioneer of electric lighting schemes, ‘Devon House’ in Anchor Street was constructed in 1890 as a power station to provide electric lighting for Chelmsford's main streets. In 1895 Crompton's relocated to Writtle Road after
1066-491: The death of her mother. Alfred Dodd, in Francis Bacon's Personal Life-Story (Rider & Company: London, 1949) says their marriage was political: Bacon had saved himself three years previously from being excommunicated altogether from the public service by his readiness for an engagement with a child of eleven years (Alice Barnham), a commoner . He was now going to open the door to State offices by his marriage to
1107-503: The fort and received the name Caesaromagus (Caesar's Market Place). The present Moulsham Street follows the line of the main thoroughfare through the Roman town southwards to London. Long after the fort had gone, the Romans maintained an official presence in Moulsham, in the form of a grand mansion (located in the vicinity of what is now Roman Road), which served as a post office, civic centre and hotel. Roman occupation of Moulsham centred on
1148-582: The late nineteenth century Moulsham Street had also become a busy shopping street, lined with cycle shops, butchers, newsagents, tailors, grocers, animal feed merchants, a confectioner, a pharmacist, cafes and taverns. Its relative narrowness, domestic scale and varied architecture gave the street an intimate ‘village’ feel. This and the mixed use function of the street persist to the present day whilst heavy industries have all but gone away. The northern end of Moulsham Street consists of many small retail outlets which are often independently run and are represented by
1189-581: The marriage, Bacon had money to spare, "pouring jewels in her lap", and spending large sums on decorations. Power was also available, as in March 1617, along with Francis Bacon being made temporary Regent of England, a document was drawn up making Lady Bacon first lady in the land , taking precedence over all other Baronesses (it is not clear whether it was signed into law). Their marriage led to no children, and scholars even exist who rather boldly speculate, in connection with Bacon's alleged homosexuality, that it
1230-708: The playing field in line with city council biodiversity targets. Many Christian denominations are represented within Moulsham. Churches include the Methodist, Church of England St John the Evangelist and St Luke's; the United Reformed Church Christ Church, the Roman Catholic Our Lady Immaculate, Presbyterian, Union of Evangelical Church and Elim. Moulsham's memorial to those who died during
1271-511: The positions of Alderman , Sheriff of London (1591–1592), and Member of the English Parliament for Yarmouth. His father had been Sheriff before him. Her mother, Dorothy, or Dorothea (d. 1639), was the daughter of Humphrey Ambrose Smith, an important Cheapside mercer and the official purveyor of silks and velvets to Queen Elizabeth . Alice was the second of a family of daughters, her sisters being Elizabeth, Dorothy, and Bridget;
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1312-501: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Barnham . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barnham&oldid=898094144 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description
1353-505: The town's increasing importance as a market and retail centre. Moulsham Street still supports many pubs. Judge Tindal is perhaps Moulsham Street's most famous son. Tindal was a renowned judge who became Lord Chief Justice in 1829 and is now remembered with a bronze statue in Tindal Square at the top of Chelmsford High Street. He was born at 199 Moulsham Street in 1776. The stone bridge linking Chelmsford High Street and Moulsham Street
1394-526: Was also left well off, with legacies of land and plate, and quickly remarried, to Sir John Pakington of Worcestershire , 22 November 1598. After John died in 1625, she would remarry again, two more times, to Robert Needham , earlier that year made 1st Viscount Kilmorey , and when he died in 1631, Thomas Erskine, Earl of Kellie . Her older sister Elizabeth Barnham (1591–1623) married Mervyn Tuchet, 2nd Earl of Castlehaven , who would become infamous for his depravity. The third sister married Sir John Constable,
1435-421: Was built in 1787, replacing an earlier bridge and is one of the city's most enduring landmarks. It was constructed by County Surveyor John Johnson , also responsible for the city's landmark ‘Shire Hall’. Moulsham gained its own church in 1837 when St John's was constructed opposite Anchor Street on the south side of Moulsham Street at a cost of £2,500. The square tower, a local landmark, was added in 1883. In 1839
1476-510: Was constant complaining about where all the money was going. In 1625, Bacon became estranged from his wife, apparently believing her guilty of adultery with Underhill. He rewrote his will, which had been quite generous to her, leaving her lands, goods, and income, to revoke it all: What so ever I have given, granted, conferred, or appointed to my wife in the former part of this my Will, I do now for just and great causes , utterly revoke, and make void, and leave her to her right only. Less than
1517-535: Was extended in 1885. Previously, the British School close to the site of the former friary was one of only two or three schools in the town. During the mid-nineteenth century several pockets of industry, focused on manufacturing, were established in and around Moulsham Street. This included Marconi's and Crompton's – two of Chelmsford's ‘big three’ manufacturers responsible for giving the town an international reputation. In 1878 Colonel REB Crompton established
1558-607: Was in the Strand, London . Bacon's letters begin mention of Alice Barnham, 3 July 1603, an Alderman's daughter, an handsome maiden to my liking , when she was only eleven. They were engaged three years, and married 10 May 1606, before Alice turned fourteen, at St Marylebone's Chapel, a suburb to the North of London, with the reception at the Strand estate. She brought an income of £220 a year from her father's estate, and expected more after
1599-585: Was manufactured and shipped around the world from an expanding operation in Hall Street until Marconi's moved to new premises in New Street, Chelmsford in 1912. Marconi's retained a presence in Chelmsford until the late 1990s, employing several thousand local people in its heyday. Other industries operating in the late nineteenth century in and around Moulsham Street included rope and tent makers (Godfreys established 1828, wound up 1985), brickworks, ironworks, furniture manufacturing and builder's yard/offices. By
1640-576: Was not even consummated! In 1620, she met Mr. John Underhill, and Mr. Nicholas Bacon, gentlemen-in-waiting at York House, Strand , Bacon's London property. She was rumoured to have had an ongoing affair with Underhill. Underhill was a cousin of the William Underhill who sold New Place to William Shakespeare in 1597. In 1621, Bacon, by now styled as Viscount St Albans , was accused of taking bribes, heavily fined, and removed from Parliament and all offices. Lady Bacon personally pleaded with
1681-485: Was over her former husband's estate, trying to get what was left of Bacon's property, without his much greater debts. She was opposed in this by Sir John Constable, her brother in law, who had held some of the estate in trust. In 1628 she filed suits for property owned by her late father. In 1631, she and her husband both filed suit against Nicholas Bacon, of Gray's Inn, their former friend, who had married Sir John Underhill's niece, and gotten Underhill to sign an agreement for