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36-752: Barwick Valley was named by the Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition (VUWAE) (1958–59) for Richard Essex Barwick (1929-2012), summer biologist with the New Zealand party of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (1956–58) who worked in this area in 1957–58 and as a member of the VUWAE, 1958–59. The Barwick Valley is one of the McMurdo Dry Valleys . It runs southeast from

72-768: A USAP member in an international collaboration (France, Australia, United States) to study katabatic winds and their interaction with sea ice at Adélie Coast and George V Coast; several field seasons 1979-2001. 77°23′00″S 161°01′45″E  /  77.383333°S 161.029167°E  / -77.383333; 161.029167 . A rock spur that descends north between Papitashvili Valley and Hernandez Valley . Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (2005) after David Z. Besson, Physics Department, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; AMANDA and related research at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station; eight field seasons 1997-2004. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of

108-586: A divide with Papitashvili Valley . Named by the New Zealand Geographic Board (2005) after John Bryan, an Australian coal geologist who led a party in mapping the Permian coal measures at Mount Fleming, Shapeless Mountain, and Mount Electra during one visit in 1982-83. 77°23′26″S 160°56′17″E  /  77.390611°S 160.938061°E  / -77.390611; 160.938061 . A summit about 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) high at

144-570: A group of peaks with a highest point of 2,360 metres (7,740 ft), standing east of Willett Range and between Barwick Valley and Balham Valley , in Victoria Land , Antarctica. The Apocalypse Peaks were so named by the Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition (1958–59) because the peaks are cut by talus slopes which gives them the appearance of the " Riders of the Apocalypse ." The Apocalypse Peaks are bounded by

180-490: A stream to Lake Vashka, and exposed soils. This designation expired on 30 June 1981. An area of 480 square kilometres (190 sq mi), comprising parts of both Barwick Valley and the adjacent Balham Valley , is now protected under the Antarctic Treaty System as Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No.123 because it is one of the least disturbed or contaminated of the McMurdo Dry Valleys . It

216-459: Is consequently important as a reference base for measuring changes in the similar polar desert ecosystems of the other Dry Valleys where scientific investigations are conducted. Download coordinates as: A number of valleys run down into Barwick Valley from the surrounding mountains. From west to east: 77°14′32″S 160°47′15″E  /  77.242275°S 160.787447°E  / -77.242275; 160.787447 . A prominent cirque at

252-739: Is ice free but for a glacier at the headwall. Named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (2005) after Vladimir O. Papitashvili, Space Physics Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, member of a joint US-Russian project to collect magnetometer data in the Mirnyy to Vostok station area; four seasons, 1994-99; Program Manager for Aeronomy and Astrophysics, Office of Polar Programs, NSF, 2002- . 77°22′48″S 161°03′50″E  /  77.38009°S 161.063798°E  / -77.38009; 161.063798 . An ice-free valley, which

288-998: Is the eastmost of four aligned hanging valleys in Apocalypse Peaks. The valley opens north to Barwick Valley opposite Lake Vashka. Named by US-ACAN (2005) after Gonzalo J. Hernandez, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; United States Antarctic Project (United States ArmyP) high-latitude atmospheric research at Amundsen-Scott South Pole and McMurdo Stations; 15 field seasons 1991-2004. 77°19′50″S 161°15′45″E  /  77.330578°S 161.262567°E  / -77.330578; 161.262567 . A valley 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) long between Peterson Terrace and Price Terrace in Cruzen Range. The valley opens south to Barwick Valley. Named by US-ACAN (2005) after James W. LaBelle, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH; USAP principal investigator for

324-410: Is the westmost in a group of four aligned hanging valleys. So named by US-ACAN (2005) from an ice and rock formation on the valley headwall, which is wreathlike in appearance and visible from a great distance. 77°22′13″S 160°53′45″E  /  77.370278°S 160.895833°E  / -77.370278; 160.895833 . An ice-free peak which rises to 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) high between

360-584: The Alpine Fault . Expedition reports have been digitised by the New Zealand Electronic Text Collection . 41°17′23.97″S 174°46′5.56″E  /  41.2899917°S 174.7682111°E  / -41.2899917; 174.7682111 Wendler Spur The Apocalypse Peaks ( 77°23′S 160°51′E  /  77.383°S 160.850°E  / -77.383; 160.850  ( Apocalypse Peaks ) ) are

396-637: The Apocalypse Peaks , terminating as a hanging glacier at Barwick Valley. Named by US-ACAN (2005) in association with Haselton Icefall, a heavily crevassed upper part of the glacier. 77°21′S 160°46′E  /  77.350°S 160.767°E  / -77.350; 160.767 . An icefall descending from the Willett Range between Gibson Spur and Apocalypse Peaks toward Webb Lake. Named by Parker E. Calkin for fellow United States ArmyRP geologist George M. Haselton, who assisted Calkin in

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432-891: The Barwick Valley to the northeast and the Balham Valley to the southeast. The Willett Range lies to the west, the Cruzen Range (formerly part of the Clare Range ) to the north, the Insel Range to the southeast and the Olympus Range to the south. Download coordinates as: Features of the south of the peaks include, from west to east, 77°23′40″S 160°38′18″E  /  77.394444°S 160.638333°E  / -77.394444; 160.638333 . A hill, 2,100 metres (6,900 ft) high, at

468-538: The United States Geological Survey . Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition The Antarctic Research Centre (ARC) is part of the School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences at Victoria University of Wellington . Its mission is to research " Antarctic climate history and processes, and their influence on the global climate system. The current director of

504-606: The Antarctic Research Centre is Associate Professor Robert McKay. In December 1957, geology students Barrie McKelvey and Peter Webb along with biologist Ron Balham conducted an expedition to the then unexplored McMurdo Dry Valleys via the Royal New Zealand Navy Antarctic support ship HMNZS Endeavour . This expedition formed the basic for the annual Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expeditions, which continue to

540-590: The McMurdo Dry Valleys, was undertaken on December 30, 1957, by Peter Webb and Barrie McKelvey , two third-year geology students. Since then, students and staff have made annual expeditions to conduct research in areas such as glacial history and climate change. Expedition leaders have named a number of features in the area, including Eureka Spurs and Ghent Ridge . Researchers that have been involved in VUWAEs include Harold Wellman , who discovered

576-697: The New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) (2005) after Ian Turnbull, an Institute of Geology and Nuclear Sciences geologist, who was a member of geology mapping parties at Asgard Range , Victoria Valley , Saint Johns Range , and at the Mackay Glacier and Wilson Piedmont Glacier areas in several field seasons 1988-89 to 1997-98. Features of the north of the peaks include, from west to east, 77°22′53″S 160°42′27″E  /  77.381343°S 160.707434°E  / -77.381343; 160.707434 . The highest summit in Apocalypse Peaks, rising to 2,360 metres (7,740 ft) high west of Wreath Valley in

612-646: The US-ITASE traverses of West Antarctica, and from East Antarctic megadunes, 1996-2003; Member, 2002- , Polar Research Board, National Academy of Sciences; Chair 2003- , United States National Committee for the International Polar Year, 2007-08. 77°22′43″S 161°00′01″E  /  77.3786°S 161.00036°E  / -77.3786; 161.00036 . A hanging valley between Wendler Spur and Besson Spur in Apocalypse Peaks. The valley opens north to Barwick Valley opposite Hourglass Lake and

648-541: The Webb Icefall to the Insel Range , where it is joined from the southwest by Balham Valley . The combined valley continues east to Victoria Valley . To the north the valley is bounded by The Fortress and other features of the Cruzen Range (formerly part of the Clare Range ). To the west and southwest it is bounded by Mount Bastion , Gibson Spur and the Apocalypse Peaks of the Willett Range , and to

684-837: The Willett Range. Named by the NZ-APC in 1985 after James M. Caffin, New Zealand Antarctic historian who, from 1973-84, was editor of Antarctic, the popular news bulletin published by the New Zealand Antarctic Society. 77°22′38″S 160°55′15″E  /  77.377302°S 160.92089°E  / -77.377302; 160.92089 . A hanging valley between Conway Peak and Wendler Spur in central Apocalypse Peaks. The valley opens north to Barwick Valley. Named by US-ACAN (2005) after Mary R. Albert, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH, who conducted field and laboratory research to characterize ice core, firn, and snow properties from Siple Dome, from

720-535: The analysis of ocean floor sediment cores and ice cores , and glacial modeling . Researchers from ARC have studied different factors that impact polar ice, including CO 2 levels and oscillations in the Earth's orbit. The ARC conducts annual research explorations, known as the Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expeditions (VUWAE), into Antarctica . The first expedition, which explored

756-670: The central part of the divide between Haselton Glacier and Wreath Valley. Named by US-ACAN (2005) after Matthew A. Lazzara of the United States Antarctic Project (USAP) Antarctic Meteorological Research Center field team, who worked in the McMurdo Station area and at other Antarctic locations in eight summer seasons, 1994-2004. 77°22′42″S 160°49′33″E  /  77.378213°S 160.825878°E  / -77.378213; 160.825878 . An ice-free valley between Lazzara Ledge and Conway Peak. It

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792-653: The extreme west end of the Apocalypse Peaks. The hill rises 100 metres (330 ft) high above the adjacent plateau ice, which diverges at the hill to the east-northeast-flowing Haselton Glacier and the east-flowing Huka Kapo Glacier. Named by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) (2005) after Steven Edbrooke, geologist, New Zealand Geological Survey, who mapped coal measures at Mount Fleming, Shapeless Mountain, and Mount Electra in 1982-83; in upper Wright Valley, Clare Range, and Willett Range, 1992-93. 77°24′05″S 160°42′02″E  /  77.40134°S 160.700585°E  / -77.40134; 160.700585 . A glacier from

828-481: The field in this area in the 1961-62 season. 77°20′S 160°52′E  /  77.333°S 160.867°E  / -77.333; 160.867 . A meltwater lake at the terminus of Webb Glacier. Named in 1964 by American geologist Parker E. Calkin in association with Webb Glacier. 77°21′S 161°04′E  /  77.350°S 161.067°E  / -77.350; 161.067 . Small meltwater lake midway between Webb Lake and Lake Vashka. The descriptive name

864-740: The foot of Wreath Valley and Albert Valley. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (2005) after Maurice Conway of Thames, New Zealand; field guide in eight summer seasons for German expeditions to Victoria Land, Marie Byrd Land, and Queen Maud Land, 1979-2000; field guide/technician in six seasons, 1997-2004, for United States Antarctic Project (USAP) at Roosevelt Island and west Marie Byrd Land ice streams. 77°22′30″S 160°58′30″E  /  77.37500°S 160.97500°E  / -77.37500; 160.97500 . A rock spur that descends north between Albert Valley and Papitashvili Valley . Named by US-ACAN (2005) after Gerd Wendler, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK;

900-532: The head of Barwick Valley. Named by the VUWAE (1958-59) for P.N. Webb who, with B.C. McKelvey, did the first geological exploration in this area (1957-58) and was in Wright Valley with the VUWAE in 1958-59. 77°19′33″S 160°37′50″E  /  77.325848°S 160.630576°E  / -77.325848; 160.630576 An attenuated glacier flowing northeast in Caffin Valley closely following

936-486: The head of Webb Glacier. The cirque is bounded by Vishniac Peak , Skew Peak , and Parker Mesa and is occupied by the névé of the Webb Glacier. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (2005) in association with the Webb Glacier. 77°19′S 160°36′E  /  77.317°S 160.600°E  / -77.317; 160.600 . A cirque-type valley between Mount Bastion and Gibson Spur in

972-616: The ionosphere from Siple Station, 1982 and 1983, and from Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, 1984-95. 77°16′S 160°29′E  /  77.267°S 160.483°E  / -77.267; 160.483 . An icefall just south of Vishniac Peak that descends from Willett Range and nourishes the western tributary at the head of Webb Glacier. Named by American geologist Parker E. Calkin in association with Webb Glacier. 77°19′S 160°45′E  /  77.317°S 160.750°E  / -77.317; 160.750 . Glacier just north of Mount Bastion and Gibson Spur , flowing southeast into

1008-449: The plateau of Willett Range . It flows east, southward of Edbrooke Hill, and terminates nearly midway along the south side of Apocalypse Peaks. “Huka Kapo” is a Maori word, meaning driving hail, and was applied descriptively to this glacier by the New Zealand Geographic Board in 2005. 77°24′15″S 160°55′45″E  /  77.4041667°S 160.9291667°E  / -77.4041667; 160.9291667 . A glacier that flows south from

1044-636: The present day. Since this first expedition, over 400 staff and students have travelled to the continent. The Antarctic Research Centre was established in 1972 as a part of the Department of Geology at Victoria University. The institutes first director was Professor Peter Barrett , who remained for 35 years before stepping down from the role in 2007. The centre won the New Zealand Prime Minister's Science Prize in 2020. Research conducted at ARC focuses on climate change , including

1080-509: The south end of Wendler Spur. The feature stands between the head of Albert Valley and Papitashvili Valley. Named by the New Zealand Geographic Board (2005) after Geoffrey (Toby) Rose, leader of a party that investigated coal measures in the Mount Bastion and Sponsors Peak area, 1984-85. 77°23′30″S 160°58′40″E  /  77.3916667°S 160.9777778°E  / -77.3916667; 160.9777778 . A glacier that occupies

1116-585: The southeast by the Insel Range . The greater part of the Barwick Valley was designated Antarctic Site of Special Scientific Interest No.3 under the Antarctic Treaty System , covering about 325 square kilometres (125 sq mi) between the Olympus Range to the south, Willett Range to the east and Clare Range to the north. It contained parts of several glaciers, a lake about 3 by 16 kilometres (1.9 by 9.9 mi) connected by

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1152-631: The study of low, middle, and high frequency auroral radio noise observed at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station and at other observatories, 1991-2004. 77°19′26″S 161°22′47″E  /  77.323793°S 161.379691°E  / -77.323793; 161.379691 . A valley 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) long on the east side of Price Terrace in Cruzen Range. The valley opens south to Barwick Valley. Named by US-ACAN (2005) after Frank T. Berkey, Center for Atmospheric and Space Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT; United States Antarctic Project (USAP) principal investigator for observation of

1188-399: The upper portion of Papitashvili Valley. “Pūanu” is a Maori word, meaning intense cold, and was applied descriptively to this glacier in 2005 by the New Zealand Geographic Board. 77°23′26″S 161°01′19″E  /  77.39048°S 161.021851°E  / -77.39048; 161.021851 . A peak rising to 1,600 metres (5,200 ft) high at the head of Hernandez Valley . Named by

1224-789: The west part of the group. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (2005) after astronomer Mark W. Dragovan, who (1986) collaborated with Yerkes engineer Robert J. Pernic to build a telescope to observe the early formation of structure in the universe; nine field seasons at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station Center for Astrophysical Research in Antarctica, 1988-2000. 77°22′37″S 160°46′12″E  /  77.376868°S 160.769899°E  / -77.376868; 160.769899 . A flat-topped ridge rising to 1,900 metres (6,200 ft) high northeast of Mount Dragovan. The ledge comprises

1260-564: The west side of Gibson Spur, Willett Range. The glacier terminates at Barwick Valley short of reaching the south flank of Webb Glacier. Named by the New Zealand Geographic Board (2005) after Barry Walker, a geologist with Victoria University's Antarctic Expeditions (VUWAE) to this area, 1979-80, 1981-82, and 1982-83; field leader for basement geology studies at Mount Bastion. 77°21′07″S 160°45′07″E  /  77.351821°S 160.752046°E  / -77.351821; 160.752046 A glacier flowing east-northeast between Gibson Spur and

1296-559: Was given in 1964 by American geologist Parker E. Calkin and alludes to the outline of the lake. 77°21′S 161°11′E  /  77.350°S 161.183°E  / -77.350; 161.183 . A lake near the center of Barwick Valley, about 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) east of Webb Glacier. Named by the VUWAE (1958-59) after Vashka (Vaska), a sled dog of the BrAE, 1910-13. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of

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