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17-650: The republic occupied an area of 143,600 km (55,400 sq mi) in the far south-eastern corner of European Russia , bounded on the east by the Ural Mountains and within seventy kilometers of the Kazakhstan border at its southernmost point. The region was settled by nomads of the steppe, the Turkic Bashkirs , during the 13th-century domination by the Golden Horde . Russians arrived in

34-547: A population of nearly 110 million—making Russia the largest and most populous country in Europe, surpassing second-place Germany. European Russia is the most densely populated region of Russia, with a population density of 27.5 people per km (70 per sq mi). European Russia counts for about 15% of Europe's total population . All three federal cities of Russia lie within European Russia. These cities are Moscow ,

51-599: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . European Russia European Russia is the western and most populated part of the Russian Federation . It is geographically situated in Europe , as opposed to the country's sparsely populated and vastly larger eastern part, Siberia , which is situated in Asia , encompassing the entire northern region of the continent. The two parts of Russia are divided by

68-1091: The Muscovite Rus' arose, over all this time, western Russia and the various Rus' regions had strong cultural contacts with the Byzantine Empire, while the Slavic culture was cultivated all the time. The elements of East Slavic paganism and Christianity overlapped each other and sometimes produced even double faith in Muscovite Rus'. In 2022 the GRDP of European Russia was around ₽ 100 trillion ( US$ 1.4 trillion). The following Federal districts of Russia are overwhelmingly European: 55°N 40°E  /  55°N 40°E  / 55; 40 Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic The Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ( Mari ASSR ) ( Mari : Марий Автоном Совет Социализм Республик, Mariy Avtonom Sovet Sotsializm Respublik )

85-743: The Oka river . Finno-Ugric, Baltic and Turkic tribes were also present in the area (although large parts of the Turkic and Finno-Ugric people were absorbed by the Slavs, there are great minorities in European Russia today). The western region of Central Russia was inhabited by the Eastern Slavic tribe of the Severians . One of the first Rus' regions according to the Sofia First Chronicle

102-556: The Ural Mountains and Ural river , bisecting the Eurasian supercontinent . European Russia covers the vast majority of Eastern Europe , and spans roughly 40% of Europe's total landmass, with over 15% of its total population, making Russia the largest and most populous country in Europe. It is divided into five Federal districts . European Russia accounts for about 80% of Russia's total population. It covers an area of over 3,969,100 square kilometres (1,532,500 sq mi), with

119-637: The 12 biggest cities of Kievan Rus' or Ancient Rus' were Novgorod , Kiev , Polotsk , Smolensk , Murom and Rostov . Through trade and cultural contact with Byzantine Empire , the Slavic culture of the Rus' adopted gradually the Eastern Orthodox religion . Many sources say that Ryazan , Kolomna , Moscow , Vladimir and Kiev were destroyed by the Mongol Empire . After the Mongol invasion

136-1376: The 1970 census: 1918–24   Turkestan 1918–41   Volga German 1919–90   Bashkir 1920–25   Kirghiz 1920–90   Tatar 1921–91   Adjarian 1921–45   Crimean 1921–91   Dagestan 1921–24   Mountain 1921–90   Nakhichevan 1922–91   Yakut 1923–90   Buryat 1923–40   Karelian 1924–40   Moldavian 1924–29   Tajik 1925–92   Chuvash 1925–36   Kazakh 1926–36   Kirghiz 1931–92   Abkhaz 1932–92   Karakalpak 1934–90   Mordovian 1934–90   Udmurt 1935–43   Kalmyk 1936–44   Checheno-Ingush 1936–44   Kabardino-Balkarian 1936–90   Komi 1936–90   Mari 1936–90   North Ossetian 1944–57   Kabardin 1956–91   Karelian 1957–92   Checheno-Ingush 1957–91   Kabardino-Balkarian 1958–90   Kalmyk 1961–92   Tuvan 1990–91   Gorno-Altai 1991–92   Crimean 56°34′N 47°56′E  /  56.567°N 47.933°E  / 56.567; 47.933 This Soviet Union –related article

153-759: The Bashkir population are Muslim , which is observed by the majority, and Russian Orthodoxy . A major battleground of the Russian Civil War , in 1919 the Bashkir Republic was the first ethnic region to be designated an autonomous republic of Russia under the new communist government. The republic declared its sovereignty within the Soviet Union on 11 October 1990 as Bashkir Soviet Socialist Republic , and in 1992 it declared full independence. Two years later, Bashkortostan agreed to remain within

170-715: The Mari SSR into the Republic of Mari El, amending Article 71 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation - Russia. This amendment entered into force from the moment of publication in the "Rossiyskaya Gazeta" on January 12, 1993. The Mari ASSR included 14 regions. On the territory of the Mari ASSR there were three cities (Yoshkar-Ola, Volzhsk, Kozmodemyansk) and 14 urban-type settlements. According to

187-1707: The legislative framework of the Russian Federation, provided that mutual areas of competence were agreed upon. The republic has rich mineral resources, especially petroleum , natural gas , iron ore , manganese , copper , salt , and construction stone. The Soviet government built a variety of heavy industries on that resource base. The traditional Bashkir occupations of livestock raising and beekeeping remain important economic activities. 1918–24   Turkestan 1918–41   Volga German 1919–90   Bashkir 1920–25   Kirghiz 1920–90   Tatar 1921–91   Adjarian 1921–45   Crimean 1921–91   Dagestan 1921–24   Mountain 1921–90   Nakhichevan 1922–91   Yakut 1923–90   Buryat 1923–40   Karelian 1924–40   Moldavian 1924–29   Tajik 1925–92   Chuvash 1925–36   Kazakh 1926–36   Kirghiz 1931–92   Abkhaz 1932–92   Karakalpak 1934–90   Mordovian 1934–90   Udmurt 1935–43   Kalmyk 1936–44   Checheno-Ingush 1936–44   Kabardino-Balkarian 1936–90   Komi 1936–90   Mari 1936–90   North Ossetian 1944–57   Kabardin 1956–91   Karelian 1957–92   Checheno-Ingush 1957–91   Kabardino-Balkarian 1958–90   Kalmyk 1961–92   Tuvan 1990–91   Gorno-Altai 1991–92   Crimean This Soviet Union –related article

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204-450: The mid-16th century, founding the city of Ufa , now the republic's capital. Numerous local uprisings broke out in opposition to the settlement of larger Russian populations in the centuries that followed. The Bashkirs finally gave up nomadic life in the 19th century, adopting the agricultural lifestyle that remains their primary means of support. The traditional clan-based social structure has largely disappeared. The predominant religions of

221-656: The mountain and meadow Mari. On October 22, 1990, by decision of the Supreme Soviet of the Mari ASSR, it was transformed into the Mari Soviet Socialist Republic (MSSR). On May 24, 1991, the Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR approved this decision, amending the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1978. On December 9, 1992, the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation renamed

238-786: The nation's capital and largest city , which is the second most populous city in Europe ; Saint Petersburg , the cultural capital and the second-most populous city in the country; and Sevastopol , located in Crimea , which is internationally recognized as part of Ukraine . Of the 16 Russian cities with over 1 million inhabitants, 12 lie within European Russia: Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Kazan , Nizhny Novgorod , Samara , Ufa , Rostov-on-Don , Krasnodar , Voronezh , Perm , Chelyabinsk and Volgograd (the remaining four are Yekaterinburg , Omsk , Krasnoyarsk and Novosibirsk ). The historical population of European Russia

255-630: Was Veliky Novgorod in 859. In late 8th and early-to-mid-9th centuries AD the Rus' Khaganate was formed in modern western Russia. The region was a place of operations for Varangians , eastern Scandinavian adventurers, merchants, and pirates. From the late 9th to the mid-13th century a large section of today's European Russia was part of Kievan Rus' . The lands of Rus' Khaganate and Kievan Rus' were important trade routes and connected Scandinavia , Byzantine Empire, Rus' people and Volga Bulgaria with Khazaria and Persia . According to old Scandinavian sources among

272-885: Was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR , succeeding the Mari Autonomous Oblast . When the Soviet Union disintegrated, the Mari ASSR became the Mari El Republic , a federal subject of the Russian Federation . The Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was formed on December 5, 1936, according to the USSR Constitution of 1936 as a result of the transformation of the Mari Autonomous Region, created on November 4, 1920, as an autonomous territorial entity for

289-517: Was composed of Slavic , Finno-Ugric , Germanic , Turkic , Jewish , Scythians , North Caucasian , Huns , Baltic , Khazarian and Norse peoples . Some theories say that some early Eastern Slavs arrived in modern-day western Russia (also in Ukraine and Belarus) sometime during the middle of the first millennium AD. The Eastern Slavic tribe of the Vyatichis was native to the land around

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