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14-528: The reserve can be pictured as divided into two halves, mountainous to the northwest, lowlands to the southeast. The highlands of the northwest are south-eastern spurs Khingan-Bureya mountain system, an ancient crystalline massif. The southeast lowlands of the reserve are part of the Sikhote-Alin Mountain fold system. The mountain ridges run north–south, which is typical for the Far East. In

28-509: Is a temperate zone , though species typical of northern taiga (such as reindeer and the Ussuri brown bear ) coexist with the Amur tiger , Amur leopard , and Asiatic black bear . The region holds very few wolves , due to competition with tigers. The longest-lived tree in the region is a millennium-old Japanese yew . It is the only known habitat of Sikhotealinia , the only living member of

42-487: Is characterized by high variation in temperature, both daily and seasonally; with dry winters and cool summers. Most of the territory is forested, with some marshy floodplains in the lowlands, and tundra (moss, lichen, mountain herbs and small shrubs) on the top of Mt. Bydyr. Plants in the Bastak Reserve belong to three different floristic complexes: Sea of Okhotsk, East Siberian, and Manchurian. The middle belt of

56-993: Is in the city of Birobidzhan. Sikhote-Alin The Sikhote-Alin ( Russian : Сихотэ́-Али́нь , Russian pronunciation: [sʲɪxɐˈtɛ ɐˈlʲinʲ] , English: / ˈ s iː k ə ˌ t eɪ ə ˈ l iː n / , SEE -kə- TAY ə- LEEN ) is a mountain range in Primorsky and Khabarovsk Krais , Russia , extending about 900 kilometres (560 mi) to the northeast of the Russian Pacific seaport of Vladivostok . The highest summits are Tordoki Yani at 2,077 metres (6,814 ft) above sea level, Ko Mountain (2,003 metres (6,572 ft)) in Khabarovsk Krai and Anik Mountain (1,933 metres (6,342 ft)) in Primorsky Krai . Sikhote-Alin

70-475: Is in the middle Amur River basin, on the west slope of the Sikhote-Alin Mountains. Mixed broadleaf species such as Manchurian ash and Japanese elm in the lowlands, Korean pine and broadleaf forests in the middle elevations, and fir and spruce up to the subalpine levels. The climate of Bastak is Humid continental climate, cool summer ( Köppen climate classification (Dwb) ). This climate

84-672: The Raccoon dog and the Sable . The endangered Amur tiger is known to be resident. As a strict nature reserve, the Bastak Reserve is mostly closed to the general public, although scientists and those with 'environmental education' purposes can make arrangements with park management for visits. There is one educational hiking trail in the reserve, however, that is open to the public, but it requires permits to be obtained in advance, hikers must have vaccinations against tick-borne infections, and visitors are limited to 40 per month. The main office

98-599: The World Heritage List , citing its importance for "the survival of endangered species such as the scaly-sided (Chinese) merganser , Blakiston's fish-owl and the Amur tiger ". The World Heritage Site had a total area of 16,319 square kilometres (4,033,000 acres), of which the terrestrial core zone of Sikhote-Alin Zapovednik comprised 3,985 square kilometres (985,000 acres). In 2018, the World heritage Site

112-531: The beetle family Jurodidae , which have been described as the “most mysterious representatives of beetles” due to their uncertain placement within the group. Many tributaries of the Amur River lie within the range, including the Gur . The core zone can only be explored in a company of rangers. The name is thought to be of Manchu origin ( Manchu : alin "mountain"). In the 1910s and 1920s, Sikhote-Alin

126-471: The diversity of terrain and the location at the meeting points of different ecoregions. Forest birds are the most numerous, with representative species and types being buzzard, grouse, black grouse, jays, crows, woodpeckers, thrushes, warblers, flycatchers, and nutcrackers. The mammals are those typical of the Ussuri forests (roe deer, wild hogs, brown bears, Himalayan bears). The most common mammals of prey are

140-405: The largest meteorite showers in recent history occurred in the mountains range. The Sikhote-Alin meteorite exploded in the atmosphere as it fell, raining many tons of metal on an elliptical region about 1.3 square kilometres (0.50 sq mi) in area. Craters were formed by the meteorites; the largest was 26 metres (85 ft) in diameter. In 2001, UNESCO placed "Central Sikhote-Alin" onto

154-422: The mountains are old-growth cedar-broadleaf forests, with birch, walnut, elm, and linden. The understory in the middle belt can be thick with bushes such as Viburnum sargentii , Siberian ginseng, and honeysuckle. The lowest altitudes are typically alder, birch, and rhododendrum, with grassy meadows. The reserve has recorded 543 species of vascular plants. The birds of the reserve (195 species reported), reflect

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168-431: The north of the reserve, the mountains range up to 1,207 meters in altitude (Mt. Byrdyr), with an average altitude of 800 meters; the slopes are steep and the river valleys deep. To the south, the altitudes average 400–500 meters, and the terrain is hilly with more rounded and flat tops than steep valleys. The lowest areas at 200 meters are alluvial floodplains. The Amur River runs across the southern border of Bastak, and

182-524: The reserve itself has a complex network of short rivers and few lakes. The rivers and streams generally run from northwest to southeast with the upper half in rocky valleys and lower courses in meandering floodplain. Spring floods can be significant. The longest river is the Bastak River at 73 km. Bastak is located in the Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion. The Ussuri River region

196-442: Was extensively explored by Russian geographer and naturalist Vladimir Arsenyev (1872–1930), who described his adventures in several books, notably Dersu Uzala (1923), which in 1975 was turned into an Oscar-winning film by Akira Kurosawa . Largely due to his exploration and advocacy, the large Sikhote-Alin and Lazo wildlife refuges were set up in 1935 to preserve the region's unusual wildlife. On February 12, 1947, one of

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