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75-733: Declaration 1. We, the Governments participating in the Fourth World Conference on Women, 2. gathered here in Beijing in September 1995, the year of the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the United Nations, 3. determined to advance the goals of equality, development and peace for all women everywhere in the interest of all humanity, 4. acknowledging the voices of all women everywhere and taking note of

150-696: A charter and constituent treaty , its rules and obligations are binding on all members and supersede those of other treaties. During the Second World War , the Allies — formally known as the United Nations —agreed to establish a new postwar international organization . Pursuant to this goal, the UN Charter was discussed, prepared, and drafted during the San Francisco Conference that began 25 April 1945, which involved most of

225-548: A conference for all women, regardless of their sexual orientation, and to recognize in the Platform for Action that lesbian rights are women's rights and that women's rights are universal, inalienable, and indivisible human rights." --Beverley Palesa Ditsie Many other speeches were also given at the conference, on behalf of governments, the United Nations and inter-governmental organizations, and non-governmental organizations. The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action

300-685: A fundamental force for leadership, conflict resolution and the promotion of lasting peace at all levels; 19. It is essential to design, implement and monitor, with the full participation of women, effective, efficient and mutually reinforcing gender-sensitive policies and programmes, including development policies and programmes, at all levels that will foster the empowerment and advancement of women; 20. The participation and contribution of all actors of civil society, particularly women's groups and networks and other non-governmental organizations and community-based organizations, with full respect for their autonomy, in cooperation with Governments, are important to

375-510: A majority of the other signatory states, and set forth related procedures, such as providing certified copies to ratifying governments. Fourth World Conference on Women#Beijing Platform for Action The Fourth World Conference on Women: Action for Equality, Development and Peace was the name given for a conference convened by the United Nations during 4–15 September 1995 in Beijing , China. At this conference, governments from around

450-633: A new groundbreaking, multi-generational campaign, Generation Equality: Realizing women’s rights for an equal future ." Also called Beijing +25, the campaign and forum are being organized in collaboration with members of civil society, and are meant to serve as the planning events, along with the 64th Session of the UN's Commission on the Status of Women (CSW), in the lead up to a UN General Assembly high-level meeting in New York on September 23, 2020. In 2019, at

525-552: A parallel Forum. Gertrude Mongella of Tanzania was the secretary-general of the conference. Aung San Suu Kyi delivered the keynote address at the conference. A full list of the statements made by attendees can be found on the UN website . Hillary Clinton , at the time the First Lady of the United States , gave the speech Women's Rights Are Human Rights at the conference on 5 September 1995. That speech

600-748: A resolution ( resolution 3010 ) that 1975 should be International Women's Year . In December 1975, the UN General Assembly passed a further resolution ( resolution 31/136 ) that 1976–1985 should be the "Decade of Women". In conjunction with International Women's Year , the first world conference on women was held in Mexico City in 1975. It resulted in the Declaration of Mexico on the Equality of Women and Their Contribution to Development and Peace . The second world conference on women

675-702: Is being convened by UN Women, and co-chaired by Mexico and France. The Forum will begin in Mexico City, May 7–8, 2020 and will conclude in Paris, France from 7-10 of July, 2020. Discussions and reviews of progress on the Beijing Platform for Action and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) will also take place at the 64th session of the Commission on

750-537: Is considered to be influential in the women's rights movement, and in 2013 Clinton led a review of how women's rights have changed since her 1995 speech. The 1995 speech was listed as No. 35 in American Rhetoric's Top 100 Speeches of the 20th Century (listed by rank). "If there is one message that echoes forth from this conference, it is that human rights are women's rights.... And women's rights are human rights. Let us not forget that among those rights are

825-419: Is exacerbated by the increasing poverty that is affecting the lives of the majority of the world's people, in particular women and children, with origins in both the national and international domains, 7. dedicate ourselves unreservedly to addressing these constraints and obstacles and thus enhancing further the advancement and empowerment of women all over the world, and agree that this requires urgent action in

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900-420: Is necessary to sustain social development and social justice. The success of the Platform for Action will also require adequate mobilization of resources at the national and international levels as well as new and additional resources to the developing countries from all available funding mechanisms, including multilateral, bilateral and private sources for the advancement of women; financial resources to strengthen

975-498: Is not a member of the Security Council or any state which is not a Member of the United Nations, if it is a party to a dispute under consideration by the Security Council, shall be invited to participate, without vote, in the discussion relating to the dispute. The Security Council shall lay down such conditions as it deems just for the participation of a state which is not a Member of the United Nations. Chapter VII includes

1050-399: Is the framework for our efforts to achieve a higher quality of life for all people. Equitable social development that recognizes empowering the poor, particularly women living in poverty, to utilize environmental resources sustainably is a necessary foundation for sustainable development. We also recognize that broad-based and sustained economic growth in the context of sustainable development

1125-598: Is widely known as the most progressive blueprint for advancing women's rights . The framework covers 12 areas of concern: A major result of the conference was the Beijing Declaration of Indigenous Women, signed at the NGO Forum in the Indigenous Women's Tent. This document seeks, in part, to reconcile the tension felt by Indigenous women activists and Indigenous movements dominated by men. It

1200-525: The Atlantic Charter . It set out (1) that these countries do not seek aggrandizement, (2) that no territorial changes be made against the wishes of the people, (2) the right to self-determination for all peoples , (3) restoration of self-government to those deprived of it, (4) furtherance of access for all states to trade and raw materials "needed for their economic prosperity", (5) global cooperation to secure better economic and social conditions for

1275-1270: The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Convention on the Rights of the Child , as well as the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women and the Declaration on the Right to Development; 9. Ensure the full implementation of the human rights of women and of the girl child as an inalienable, integral and indivisible part of all human rights and fundamental freedoms; 10. Build on consensus and progress made at previous United Nations conferences and summits - on women in Nairobi in 1985, on children in New York in 1990, on environment and development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, on human rights in Vienna in 1993, on population and development in Cairo in 1994 and on social development in Copenhagen in 1995 with

1350-974: The Secretariat , the General Assembly , the Security Council , the Economic and Social Council , the International Court of Justice , and the Trusteeship Council . The UN Charter mandates the UN and its member states to maintain international peace and security, uphold international law, achieve "higher standards of living" for their citizens, address "economic, social, health, and related problems", and promote "universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race , sex , language , or religion ". As

1425-804: The Soviet Union , the United Kingdom , and the United States —and a majority of the other signatories; this is considered the official starting date of the United Nations, with the first session of the General Assembly, representing all 51 initial members, opening in London the following January. The General Assembly formally recognized 24 October as United Nations Day in 1947, and declared it an official international holiday in 1971. With 193 parties, most countries have now ratified

1500-659: The 1977 Spirit of Houston Conference in Washington D.C. After this final showing, the large group of artworks ended its journey, and the entire collection was presented by the project co-directors Nancy Cusick and Mal Johnson to the archives of the National Museum of Women in the Arts. On 28 September 2004, the Fourth World Conference on Women Commemorative Park was officially opened in Huairou District , where

1575-659: The 73rd session of the UN General Assembly, governments agreed to present their commitments and planned activities to bring about gender equality by 2030 at a one-day session during the 74th session in 2020. The demands of the Generation Equality Campaign include "equal pay, equal sharing of unpaid care and domestic work, an end to sexual harassment and all forms of violence against women and girls, health-care services that respond to their needs, and their equal participation in political life and decision-making in all areas of life." The Generation Equality Forum

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1650-633: The Axis powers—led by the "Big Four" powers of China, the Soviet Union, the U.K., and the U.S.—signed the Declaration by United Nations , which formalized the anti-Axis alliance and reaffirmed the purposes and principles of the Atlantic Charter. The following day, representatives of twenty-two other nations added their signatures. The term "United Nations" became synonymous with the Allies for

1725-514: The Charter and it is the first international document regarding human rights. The following chapters deal with the enforcement powers of UN bodies: The principles and conceptual framework of the United Nations were formulated incrementally through a series of conferences by the Allied nations during the Second World War . The Declaration of St James's Palace , issued in London on 12 June 1941,

1800-435: The Charter by a vote of 89–2 on 28 July 1945. By 24 October 1945, enough nations had ratified the Charter to officially bring the United Nations into existence. The Preamble to the treaty reads as follows: WE THE PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS DETERMINED AND FOR THESE ENDS HAVE RESOLVED TO COMBINE OUR EFFORTS TO ACCOMPLISH THESE AIMS. Accordingly, our respective Governments, through representatives assembled in

1875-419: The Charter. The Charter consists of a preamble and 111 articles grouped into 19 chapters. The preamble consists of two principal parts. The first part contains a general call for the maintenance of peace and international security and respect for human rights. The second part of the preamble is a declaration in a contractual style that the governments of the peoples of the United Nations have agreed to

1950-1011: The Indigenous peoples, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women , the Nairobi Forward-Looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women, Agenda 21 and the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development , the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam , and the Copenhagen Social Summit Declaration." Global Focus: Women in Art and Culture was a project founded by artist and project director Nancy Cusick and gave women artists

2025-628: The Military Staff Committee referred to in Article 47, plans to be submitted to the Members of the United Nations for the establishment of a system for the regulation of armaments. VOTING Article 27 PROCEDURE Article 28 Article 29 The Security Council may establish as such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the performance of its functions. Article 30 The Security Council shall adopt its own rules of

2100-575: The NGO forum was held. In 2014 UN Women began its commemoration of the 20th anniversary of the Fourth World Conference on Women with the Empowering Women, Empowering Humanity: Picture It! campaign, also called the Beijing+20 campaign. In 2019, UN Women launched the Generation Equality Campaign and Generation Equality Forum to "tackle the unfinished business of empowering women through

2175-624: The U.S., U.K., and Soviet Union resolved the lingering debate regarding the voting structure of the proposed Security Council, calling for a "Conference of United Nations" in San Francisco on 25 April 1945 to "prepare the charter of such an organization, along the lines proposed in the formal conversations of Dumbarton Oaks." The San Francisco Conference , formally the United Nations Conference on International Organization (UNCIO), began as scheduled on 25 April 1945 with

2250-561: The UNDP Beijing Express Declaration aimed at achieving greater equality and opportunity for women. The conference was attended by representatives of 189 governments, UN agencies, intergovernmental organizations such as the European Union and League of Arab States , as well as activists and organizations from across the world. There were 17,000 participants, with a further 30,000 activists attending

2325-399: The United Nations agree to accept and carry out the decisions of the Security Council in accordance with the present Charter. Article 26 In order to promote the establishment and maintenance of international peace and security with the least diversion for armaments of the world's human and economic resources, the Security Council shall be responsible for formulating, with the assistance of

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2400-597: The advancement and empowerment of women; 25. Encourage men to participate fully in all actions towards equality; 26. Promote women's economic independence, including employment, and eradicate the persistent and increasing burden of poverty on women by addressing the structural causes of poverty through changes in economic structures, ensuring equal access for all women, including those in rural areas, as vital development agents, to productive resources, opportunities and public services; 27. Promote people-centred sustainable development, including sustained economic growth, through

2475-562: The artistic accomplishments and creativity of women. Most of the 880 artworks, produced by women artists from 27 countries, were displayed at the World Trade Center in Beijing, China . A smaller group of works were also exhibited in Huairou , China. These artworks formed a visual landscape of powerful images that immortalized the women's issues and themes which encompassed the conference—Equality, Development, and Peace. Following

2550-410: The capacity of national, subregional, regional and international institutions; a commitment to equal rights, equal responsibilities and equal opportunities and to the equal participation of women and men in all national, regional and international bodies and policy-making processes; and the establishment or strengthening of mechanisms at all levels for accountability to the world's women; 37. Ensure also

2625-484: The city of San Francisco, who have exhibited their full powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed to the present Charter of the United Nations and do hereby establish an international organization to be known as the United Nations. Although the Preamble is an integral part of the Charter, it does not set out any of the rights or obligations of member states; its purpose is to serve as an interpretative guide for

2700-641: The collection was exhibited at George Washington University in Washington D.C., during the National Women's Satellite Conference hosted by First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton . From April to June 1997, a selection of 300 works from the collection were exhibited at the Peace Museum in Detroit. The last public display of the Global Focus exhibit was shown during the 20th Anniversary Celebration of

2775-583: The collection were exhibited at the United States Information Agency also in Washington D.C. On March 20, 1996, the first public showing of the collection in the United States opened at NMWA in Washington D.C., with a day-long celebration revisiting and reflecting upon the experiences in Beijing. This exhibition, titled "Look at the World Through Women’s Eyes", was on display through April 21, 1996. On September 28, 1996,

2850-1015: The conclusion, without delay, of a universal and multilaterally and effectively verifiable comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty which contributes to nuclear disarmament and the prevention of the proliferation of nuclear weapons in all its aspects; 29. Prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls; 30. Ensure equal access to and equal treatment of women and men in education and health care and enhance women's sexual and reproductive health as well as education; 31. Promote and protect all human rights of women and girls; 32. Intensify efforts to ensure equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all women and girls who face multiple barriers to their empowerment and advancement because of such factors as their race, age, language, ethnicity, culture, religion, or disability, or because they are indigenous people; 33. Ensure respect for international law, including humanitarian law, in order to protect women and girls in particular; 34. Develop

2925-406: The direction of her own life without the ability to determine her sexuality.  Sexuality is an integral, deeply ingrained part of every human being's life and should not be subject to debate or coercion.  Anyone who is truly committed to women's human rights must recognize that every woman has the right to determine her sexuality free of discrimination and oppression. I urge you to make this

3000-462: The diversity of women and their roles and circumstances, honouring the women who paved the way and inspired by the hope present in the world's youth, 5. recognize that the status of women has advanced in some important respects in the past decade but that progress has been uneven, inequalities between women and men have persisted and major obstacles remain, with serious consequences for the well-being of all people, 6. also recognize that this situation

3075-481: The drafting process, with over 400 meetings convened in the subsequent weeks. Following multiple reviews, debates, and revisions, a final full meeting was held on 25 June 1945 with the final proposed draft posed to attendees. Following unanimous approval, the Charter was signed by delegates the following day in Veterans' Memorial Hall . The United States Senate , as part of the 79th United States Congress , ratified

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3150-558: The duration of the war, and was considered the formal name under which they were fighting. The Declaration by United Nations formed the basis of the United Nations Charter; virtually all nations that acceded to it would be invited to take part in the 1945 San Francisco Conference to discuss and prepare the Charter. On 30 October 1943, the Declaration of the Four Nations , one of the four Moscow Declarations ,

3225-615: The effective implementation and follow-up of the Platform for Action ; 21. The implementation of the Platform for Action requires commitment from Governments and the international community. By making national and international commitments for action, including those made at the Conference, Governments and the international community recognize the need to take priority action for the empowerment and advancement of women. We are determined to: 22. Intensify efforts and actions to achieve

3300-512: The enhancement of their capacities to enjoy the benefits of equal access to these resources, inter alia, by means of international cooperation; 36. Ensure the success of the Platform for Action, which will require a strong commitment on the part of Governments, international organizations and institutions at all levels. We are deeply convinced that economic development, social development and environmental protection are interdependent and mutually reinforcing components of sustainable development, which

3375-601: The establishment of other "organs" of the organization, such as the General Assembly, International Court of Justice, and Secretariat. The conference was led by the Big Four , with delegates from other nation participating in the consideration and formulation of these principles. At the Paris peace conference in 1919, it was Prime Minister Jan Smuts of South Africa and Lord Cecil of the United Kingdom who came up with

3450-824: The exhibition of the Global Focus artworks in Beijing, China, the corpus of works traveled to various international locations. Immediately after the close of the Beijing exhibit, a selection of 53 American paintings were displayed at the Elite Gallery in Moscow from October to November 1995. Subsequently, in November 1995, a selection of 200 works adorned the walls of the art gallery at the United States Department of Health and Human Services in Washington D.C. Simultaneously, another group of artworks from

3525-399: The family by men and women, and a harmonious partnership between them are critical to their well-being and that of their families as well as to the consolidation of democracy; 16. Eradication of poverty based on sustained economic growth, social development, environmental protection and social justice requires the involvement of women in economic and social development, equal opportunities and

3600-430: The full and equal participation of women and men as agents and beneficiaries of people-centred sustainable development; 17. The explicit recognition and reaffirmation of the right of all women to control all aspects of their health, in particular their own fertility, is basic to their empowerment; 18. Local, national, regional and global peace is attainable and is inextricably linked with the advancement of women, who are

3675-465: The fullest potential of girls and women of all ages, ensure their full and equal participation in building a better world for all and enhance their role in the development process. We are determined to: 35. Ensure women's equal access to economic resources, including land, credit, science and technology, vocational training, information, communication and markets, as a means to further the advancement and empowerment of women and girls, including through

3750-401: The goal of drafting a charter that would create a new international organization. The Big Four, which sponsored the event, invited all forty-six signatories to the Declaration by United Nations. Conference delegates invited four more nations: the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Argentina and recently liberated Denmark. The conference was perhaps

3825-444: The goals of the Nairobi Forward-looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women by the end of this century; 23. Ensure the full enjoyment by women and the girl child of all human rights and fundamental freedoms and take effective action against violations of these rights and freedoms; 24. Take all necessary measures to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women and the girl child and remove all obstacles to gender equality and

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3900-484: The goals set out in Mexico. The third world conference on women was held in Nairobi in 1985. The Nairobi conference set out areas by which progress in women's equality could be measured: constitutional and legal measures; equality in social participation; equality in political participation; and decision-making. The conference also acknowledged that women need to participate in all areas of human activity, not just those areas that relate to gender. Delegates had prepared

3975-434: The historical, political, social, cultural, economic, and religious rights of the Indigenous peoples in their constitutions and legal systems." From that premise, the declaration goes on to specify areas for action including self-determination; development, education and health; human rights violations and violence against Indigenous women; intellectual and cultural heritage; and political participation. The document addresses

4050-414: The implementation of this Platform for Action. This human rights -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Charter of the United Nations The Charter of the United Nations ( UN ) is the foundational treaty of the United Nations . It establishes the purposes, governing structure, and overall framework of the UN system , including its six principal organs :

4125-443: The largest international gathering up to that point, with 850 delegates, along with advisers and organizers, for a total of 3,500 participants. An additional 2,500 representatives from media and various civil society groups were also in attendance. Plenary meetings involving all delegates were chaired on a rotational basis by the lead delegates of the Big Four. Several committees were formed to facilitate and address different aspects of

4200-445: The moribund League of Nations . Pursuant to the Moscow Declarations, from 21 August 1944 to 7 October 1944, the U.S. hosted the Dumbarton Oaks Conference to develop a blueprint for what would become the United Nations. Many of the rules, principles, and provisions of the UN Charter were proposed during the conference, including the structure of the UN system; the creation of a "Security Council" to prevent future war and conflict; and

4275-470: The objective of achieving equality, development and peace; 11. Achieve the full and effective implementation of the Nairobi Forward-looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women; 12. The empowerment and advancement of women, including the right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion and belief, thus contributing to the moral, ethical, spiritual and intellectual needs of women and men, individually or in community with others and thereby guaranteeing them

4350-481: The opportunity to participate in the dialogue at the World Conference of Women. Women artists from around the world used their chosen media as a vehicle to produce work that evoked the universal issues paramount to women, their lives, and their position within the framework of society. Co-sponsored by the National Museum of Women in the Arts (NMWA), Global Focus presented an art exhibition, a video festival, slide presentations, performance pieces, and workshops that showed

4425-546: The possibility of realizing their full potential in society and shaping their lives in accordance with their own aspirations. We are convinced that: 13. Women's empowerment and their full participation on the basis of equality in all spheres of society, including participation in the decision-making process and access to power, are fundamental for the achievement of equality, development and peace; 14. Women's rights are human rights; 15. Equal rights, opportunities and access to resources, equal sharing of responsibilities for

4500-405: The procedure, including the method of selecting its president. Article 31 Any Member of the United Nations which is not a member of the Security Council may participate, without vote, in the discussion of any question brought before the Security Council whenever the latter considers that the interests of that Member are specially affected. Article 32 Any Member of the United Nations which

4575-407: The provision of basic education, lifelong education , literacy and training, and primary health care for girls and women; 28. Take positive steps to ensure peace for the advancement of women and, recognizing the leading role that women have played in the peace movement, work actively towards general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control, and support negotiations on

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4650-505: The provisions of the Charter through the highlighting of some of the core motives of the founders of the organization. The Purposes of the United Nations are The Organization and its Members, in pursuit of the Purposes stated in Article 1, shall act in accordance with the following Principles: Chapter II of the United Nations Charter deals with membership of the United Nations organization COMPOSITION Article 23 FUNCTIONS and POWERS Article 24 Article 25 The Members of

4725-422: The right to self-defence . The General Assembly has the power to amend the UN Charter. Amendments adopted by a vote of two-thirds of the members of the Assembly need to be ratified by two-thirds of the Member-States, including all the Permanent Members of the Security Council. Provided that the Charter would enter into force once ratified by the Permanent Five members of the United Nations Security Council and

4800-431: The right to speak freely. And the right to be heard. Women must enjoy the right to participate fully in the social and political lives of their countries if we want freedom and democracy to thrive and endure." --Hillary Rodham Clinton Beverley Palesa Ditsie became the first African lesbian woman to address the United Nations about LGBT rights when she made her speech on 13 September 1995. "No woman can determine

4875-409: The spirit of determination, hope, cooperation and solidarity, now and to carry us forward into the next century. We reaffirm our commitment to: 8. The equal rights and inherent human dignity of women and men and other purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations , to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights instruments, in particular

4950-452: The structure of the League of Nations with the League being divided into a League Assembly consisting of all the member states and a League Council consisting of the great powers. The same design that Smuts and Cecil had devised for the League of Nations was copied for the United Nations with a Security Council made up of the great powers and a General Assembly of the UN member states. The subsequent Yalta Conference in February 1945 between

5025-699: The success of the Platform for Action in countries with economies in transition, which will require continued international cooperation and assistance; 38. We hereby adopt and commit ourselves as Governments to implement the following Platform for Action, ensuring that a gender perspective is reflected in all our policies and programmes. We urge the United Nations system, regional and international financial institutions, other relevant regional and international institutions and all women and men, as well as non-governmental organizations, with full respect for their autonomy, and all sectors of civil society, in cooperation with Governments, to fully commit themselves and contribute to

5100-404: The unique problems Indigenous women suffer in addition to those suffered by Indigenous men, which include erosion of culture (and gender roles therein), loss of traditional land, and compromised identity and status in the spaces they inhabit. As its bases, the declaration cites the "UN Declaration of the International Decade of the World's Indigenous Peoples, the Draft Declaration of the Rights of

5175-478: The world agreed on a comprehensive plan to achieve global legal equality , known as the Beijing Platform for Action. The founding United Nations charter (1945) included a provision for equality between men and women ( chapter III, article 8 ). Subsequently, from 1945 to 1975 various female officials within the United Nations and leaders of women's movements on the global stage attempted to turn these principles into action. The United Nations General Assembly passed

5250-434: The world's sovereign nations. Following two-thirds approval of each part, the final text was unanimously adopted by delegates and opened for signature on 26 June 1945; it was signed in San Francisco, United States , by 50 of the 51 original member countries. The Charter entered into force on 24 October 1945, following ratification by the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council — China , France ,

5325-463: The world, (5) the "destruction of the Nazi tyranny" and freedom from fear and want, (7) freedom of the seas , and (8) "abandonment of the use of force" by disarming nations of "aggression" and establishing a wider Anglo-American world "security system" under mutual disarmament after the war. Many of these principles would inspire or form part of the UN Charter. The following year, on 1 January 1942, representatives of thirty nations formally at war with

5400-464: Was a significant step forward towards Indigenous women's rights and a significant victory for Indigenous feminism practice. The 50-point declaration provides the rationale and a clear call to action for governments navigating Indigenous issues across the globe. The demands in the document are "that all governments and international non-governmental and governmental organizations recognize the right of Indigenous peoples to self-determination, and enshrine

5475-483: Was held in Copenhagen in 1980. The conference agreed that the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women was an important milestone. The Copenhagen conference also acknowledged the gap between rights being secured for women and women's ability to exercise those rights. It was also agreed that it was action on the three areas of: equal access to education; employment opportunities; and adequate health care services are essential to achieve

5550-488: Was signed by the foreign ministers of the Big Four, calling for the establishment of a "general international organization, based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all peace-loving states, and open to membership by all such states, large and small, for the maintenance of international peace and security." This was the first formal announcement that a new international organization was being contemplated to replace

5625-407: Was the first joint statement of the declared goals and principles of the Allies, and the first to express a vision for a postwar world order. The Declaration called for the "willing cooperation of free peoples" so that "all may enjoy economic and social security". Roughly two months later, the United States and the United Kingdom issued a joint, eight-point statement elaborating such goals, known as

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