21-535: The Beijing Treaty may refer to: Convention of Peking , three treaties concluded between Qing China and each of Great Britain, France and Russia in 1860. Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking of 1887 between Qing China and Portugal. Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory , also known as the "Second Convention of Peking", a treaty concluded between Qing China and Great Britain in 1898. Beijing Convention ,
42-415: A 2010 multilateral aviation treaty Beijing Protocol , a 2010 protocol supplement to the 1970 Hague Hijacking Convention Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances , a 2012 multilateral copyright treaty Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Beijing Treaty . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
63-540: A Chinese emperor: Kowloon Peak , Tung Shan , Tate's Cairn , Temple Hill , Unicorn Ridge , Lion Rock , Beacon Hill , Crow's Nest and Emperor Bing of Song . It was also spelt 'Kawloong' in some 19th-century sources. The part of Kowloon south of Boundary Street , together with Stonecutters Island , was ceded by Qing China to the United Kingdom under the Convention of Peking of 1860. For many years
84-656: A peninsula at the southernmost end of Primorsky Krai ) of Noktundo . This was not known to the Koreans until the 1880s (20 or so years after the signing of the treaty, to which Korea was not a party), at which point it became a matter of official protest as the Koreans asserted that the Qing had no authority to cede Noktundo to Russia. The governments of the United Kingdom and the People's Republic of China (PRC) concluded
105-821: Is an agreement comprising three distinct unequal treaties concluded between the Qing dynasty of China and Great Britain, France , and the Russian Empire in 1860. On 18 October 1860, at the culmination of the Second Opium War , the British and French troops entered the Forbidden City in Peking . Following the decisive defeat of the Chinese, Prince Gong was compelled to sign two treaties on behalf of
126-651: Is an urban area in Hong Kong comprising the Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon . It has a population of 2,019,533 and a population density of 43,033/km (111,450/sq mi) in 2006. It is one of the three areas of Hong Kong , along with Hong Kong Island and the New Territories . It is the smallest, second most populous and most densely populated of the divisions. Kowloon is located directly north of Hong Kong Island across Victoria Harbour . It
147-460: Is bordered by the Lei Yue Mun strait to the east, Mei Foo Sun Chuen , Butterfly Valley and Stonecutter's Island to the west, a mountain range, including Tate's Cairn and Lion Rock to the north, and Victoria Harbour to the south. Kowloon comprises the following districts : The name 'Kowloon' ( Chinese : 九龍 ; lit. 'nine dragons') alludes to eight mountains and
168-606: Is connected to Hong Kong Island by two road-only tunnels (the Cross-Harbour Tunnel and the Western Harbour Crossing ), three MTR railway tunnels ( Tsuen Wan line , Tung Chung line / Airport Express and East Rail ) and one combined road and MTR rail link tunnel ( Eastern Harbour Tunnel , containing the Tseung Kwan O line and road traffic in separate parallel conduits). No bridges connect
189-841: The Old Summer Palace and Summer Palace instead. The treaties with France and Britain were signed in the Ministry of Rites building immediately south of the Forbidden City on 24 October 1860. In the convention, the Xianfeng Emperor ratified the Treaty of Tientsin (1858). In 1860, the area known as Kowloon was originally negotiated for lease in March, but in few months' time, the Convention of Peking ended
210-606: The Sino-British Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong in 1984, under which the sovereignty of the leased territories, together with Hong Kong Island , ceded under the Treaty of Nanking (1842), and Kowloon Peninsula (south of Boundary Street ), was to be transferred to the PRC on 1 July 1997. The status of Noktundo , which had been under Korean jurisdiction from the turn of the 17th century but
231-473: The Ussuri krai , a part of the modern day Primorye , the territory that corresponded with the ancient Manchu province of East Tartary . See Treaty of Aigun (1858), Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689) and Sino-Russian border conflicts . In addition to ceding territory that had been ruled by the Qing dynasty, the treaty also ceded territory under Korean jurisdiction, notably the island (by that time and currently
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#1732772761780252-426: The Qing government with Lord Elgin and Baron Gros , who represented Britain and France respectively. Although Russia had not been a belligerent, Prince Gong also signed a treaty with Nikolay Ignatyev . The original plan was to burn down the Forbidden City as punishment for the mistreatment of Anglo-French prisoners by Qing officials. Because doing so would jeopardize the treaty signing, the plan shifted to burning
273-626: The Russian side of the border. This agreement is not recognized by South Korea, which has since demanded Noktundo's return to Korean jurisdiction (ostensibly this would be North Korean jurisdiction, with the expectation of unified Korean control after an eventual Korean reunification). An original copy of the convention is located in the National Palace Museum in Taiwan . Kowloon Kowloon ( / ˌ k aʊ ˈ l uː n / )
294-549: The area remained largely undeveloped, used by the British mainly for tiger-hunting expeditions. The part of Kowloon north of Boundary Street ( New Kowloon ) was leased by the British as part of the New Territories under the 1898 Second Convention of Peking for 99 years. Within New Kowloon is Kowloon City, an area of Hong Kong where the Kowloon Walled City used to be located. The Kowloon Walled City itself
315-541: The early 20th century, with the construction of the Kowloon-Canton Railway and the Kowloon Wharf , but because of the close proximity of Kowloon's built-up area to Kai Tak Airport , building construction was limited by flight paths. As a result, compared to Hong Kong Island, Kowloon had a much lower skyline. After World War II , Kowloon became extremely congested when slums for refugees from
336-490: The lease, and ceded the land formally to the British on 24 October. Article 6 of the Convention between China and the United Kingdom stipulated that China was to cede the part of Kowloon Peninsula south of present-day Boundary Street , Kowloon , and Hong Kong (including Stonecutters Island ) in perpetuity to Britain. Article 6 of the Convention between China and France stipulated that "the religious and charitable establishments which were confiscated from Christians during
357-433: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beijing_Treaty&oldid=733414034 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Convention of Peking The Convention of Peking or First Convention of Peking
378-1171: The newly established People's Republic of China gave way to public housing estates , mixed with private residential, commercial, and industrial areas. The area of reclaimed land now known as West Kowloon was once home to a dockyard for the Royal Navy . The 1911 census recorded a population of 7,306, with most being Hakka . The invasion of China by Japan in 1937 caused the population of Kowloon to grow drastically. Between 1937 and 1939, 750,000 refugees arrived in Kowloon and nearby areas, with many not having residence. As of 2011 , 2,108,419 people lived in Kowloon. About 94.2% of Kowloon's residents are of Han Chinese ethnicity. The largest ethnic minority groups are Indonesians (1.8%), Filipinos (1.5%), Indians (0.5%), Nepalese (0.4%), and British (0.3%). Around 86% of Kowloon's residents use Cantonese as their usual language, while 2.3% use English and 1.2% use Mandarin . Kowloon comprises these localities of Hong Kong: Lists of primary and secondary schools in Kowloon by district: Kowloon
399-631: The persecutions of which they were victims shall be returned to their owners through the French Minister in China". The treaty also confirmed the cession of the entirety of what is now known as Outer Manchuria to the Russian Empire, a total of 400,000 square kilometers, with Russia achieving the strategic goal of sealing off Chinese access to the Sea of Japan . It granted Russia the right to
420-595: Was (unbeknownst to the Koreans until the 1880s) ceded to Russia in the treaty, remains formally unresolved, as only one of two Korean jurisdictions/governments have accepted a border agreement with Russia. North Korea and the USSR signed a border treaty in 1985 officially certifying the Russian-North Korean border as running through the center of the Tumen River which left the now-peninsula of Noktundo on
441-593: Was demolished in 1993. The same area was called Kwun Fu Cheung ( 官富場 ) during the Song dynasty (960–1279). "New Kowloon" has remained part of the New Territories . Statutorily, "Kowloon" is only the area south of Boundary Street and Stonecutters Island, but in common use, New Kowloon is not regarded as part of the New Territories, but as an integral part of the Kowloon urban area whether north or south of Boundary Street. Large-scale development of Kowloon began in
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