Pusaka is a Sanskrit -based word meaning treasure or heirloom .
46-549: The Bendera Pusaka Sang Saka Merah Putih (English: The Sacred Red and White Heirloom Flag ) was the first Indonesian flag . Sewn by Sukarno 's wife Fatmawati , it was raised for the first time when Sukarno proclaimed Indonesia's independence on 17 August 1945. Although required by law to be housed in the National Monument , the flag is still kept at the Presidential Palace. The Bendera Pusaka
92-526: A divine creature with head, beak, wings, and claw of an eagle, while has the body of a human. Usually portrayed in intricate carving with golden and vivid colours, as the vehicle of Vishnu or in battle scene against Nāga ( dragon ) serpents . The important and noble position of Garuda in Indonesian tradition since ancient times has venerated Garuda as the national symbol of Indonesia, the embodiment of Indonesian ideology, Pancasila . Garuda also chosen as
138-484: A necklace is an indirect reference to its maritime wealth as it is a reminder of pearl necklaces made from sea pearls abundant in its waters. At the upper right quarter, on a white background, is the banyan tree (Indonesian: beringin ). This symbol corresponds to the third Pancasila principle, the principle of "The Unity of Indonesia". The banyan is known for having expansive above-ground roots and branches. The Republic of Indonesia, as an ideal conceived by Sukarno and
184-588: A replica. In 2003, plans were released to relocate the Bendera Pusaka from the Presidential Palace to the National Monument . In 2004, the relocation was expected to cost Rp. 3.5 billion (US$ 388,889), with the flag being stored in a 24- karat gold-plated case within the Independence Room of the Monument. However, the relocation has been consistently delayed. As of 2009, its storage at
230-422: A social animal. The bull is a symbol of Indonesia's fauna and wildlife. The banteng was also adopted as a symbol of Sukarno's Nationalists, and later by his daughter Megawati Soekarnoputri 's Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle . In the lower left quarter, on a white background, are a gold-and-white paddy and cotton. There are 17 seeds of rice and 5 cotton buds. These represent the fifth Pancasila principle,
276-456: A year. Of the Rp3.5 billion, only Rp 500 million was allocated for the actual relocation ceremony, while most of the remaining Rp 3 billion was spent on procuring around 15 kilograms of gold for the conservation room and on security measures such as alarms and security cameras. The spending was proposed in the 2003 revised city budget. The plan was to install the flag in a 24-carat gold plated case in
322-572: Is called Garuda Pancasila in Indonesian. The main part is the Garuda with a heraldic shield on its chest and a scroll gripped by its legs. The shield's five emblems represent Pancasila , the five principles of Indonesia's national ideology . The Garuda claws gripping a white ribbon scroll inscribed with the national motto Bhinneka Tunggal Ika written in black text, which can be loosely translated as "Unity in Diversity". Garuda Pancasila
368-567: Is the golden eagle, common to both Hinduism and Buddhism. The Garuda has the wings, beak, and feet of the golden eagle , but a man's arms and trunk. The Garuda is commonly used as an emblem in South and Southeast Asian nations. The use of the Garuda in Indonesia's coat-of-arms invokes the pre-colonial Hindu kingdoms that spanned across the archipelago, from which the present-day Republic of Indonesia
414-492: Is understood to be descended. However, unlike the traditional anthropomorphic form of Garuda as featured in the temples of Java , the Balinese Garuda, or the national emblem of Thailand , the design of Indonesia's Garuda Pancasila is rendered in modern naturalist style. The design of Garuda Pancasila was inspired by the elang Jawa or Javan hawk-eagle ( Nisaetus bartelsi ), an endangered raptor endemic to
460-611: Is used in some on non-national and non-governmental organisation. For example, the Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra) used the head of Garuda Pancasila as the main part of their symbol. The rallying symbol of Prabowo Subianto 's 2014 presidential campaign also used the Garuda Merah (red Garuda), a red silhouette of Garuda Pancasila, which raised the controversy and protest whether a partisan non-governmental organisations should be allowed on using
506-505: Is used to symbolize Indonesian government and as official emblem of Indonesian ministries , departments and institutions. It is commonly displayed in Indonesian state palaces, monuments, government offices, buildings and also Indonesian embassies abroad. It is also used in private offices and buildings, also in the classes of public schools, placed on the wall slightly upper than the President's and Vice-President's photographs that flanked
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#1732786588415552-534: The Japanese Empire flag . Sukarno as The President of United States of Indonesia together with Mohammad Hatta as the Prime Minister, asked Sultan Hamid II to change the red and white ribbon being held by the Garuda talons to a white scroll bearing the national motto "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika". On 8 February 1950, the design created by Sultan Hamid II was presented to President Sukarno. The design featured
598-493: The Malays , but most specifically the inhabitants of modern-day Indonesia and Malaysia ( Minangs ), Balinese , Bataks , Bugis , Manado , Minang , Moro , Pampangan , Tagalog and many others, pusaka specifically refers to family heirlooms inherited from ancestors , which must be treasured and protected. These pusaka may have individual names, honorific titles and supernatural attributes and qualities. The possessor of
644-499: The Rajawali Garuda Pancasila was still "bald" without crest crowning its head like current version. President Sukarno introduced the national emblem of Indonesia to the public at Hotel Des Indes, Jakarta, on 15 February 1950. Sukarno continued to improve the design of Garuda Pancasila . On 20 March 1950, Sukarno ordered the palace artist Dullah to make several improvements according to his suggestions, such as
690-464: The pusaka may be positively or negatively affected by the pusaka , depending on the will or spirit of the item. The Javanese warrior-king Pangeran Sambernyawa 's keris was a pusaka so powerful that merely pointing at the distant Chinese , Dutch or other enemies, would snatch their souls and leave them dead on the battlefield. Allegedly, former Indonesian President Suharto held possession of this powerful pusaka and had Indonesia scoured for
736-593: The 14th-century poet sage of the Javanese Majapahit Empire , Empu Tantular. The text was redesicovered by the Dutch scholar Brandes from among the many lontar manuscripts among the Dutch booty called the Lombok treasure — looted from the destroyed Lombok palace in 1894. who is said to have committed the phrase to writing for the first time. The poem expounded a doctrine of reconciliation between
782-467: The Dutch, Mutahar managed to bring the flag to Jakarta, sew it back together, and turn it over to Soedjono. Soedjono later returned the flag to Sukarno, who was in exile in Bangka . After the end of the war, the Bendera Pusaka was raised once a year in front of the Presidential Palace during Independence Day celebrations. However, due to the flag's fragile state, beginning in 1968 it has been replaced by
828-534: The Garuda in its anthropomorphic form, similar to the traditional depiction in ancient Javanese, Balinese, and Siamese art. However, the Islamic party Masyumi expressed their objection and stated that the bird with human neck and shoulders with both hands holding the Pancasila shield was too mythical. Sultan Hamid II edited his design and proposed the new version, this time discarding the anthropomorphic form,
874-698: The Hindu and Buddhist faiths: meaning literally "Although diverse, both truthful to Dharma — thus there exists no duality in Truth". This spirit of religious tolerance was an essential element in the foundation and security of the newly emerging State of Majapahit and the thus fledgling Republic of Indonesia. It is roughly rendered, Diverse, yet united or perhaps more poetically in English: Unity in Diversity . The official Indonesian language translation is: Berbeda-beda namun tetap satu jua . The National Emblem
920-746: The Independence Room inside the National Monument. Inside the Independence Room, there are three most important relics from Indonesia's history: the Garuda Pancasila statue, the Nusantara (Archipelago) map and the original text of the Proclamation of Independence , which all are kept in the gold plated cases. Pusaka Within Javanese Kejawen culture and other Austronesian cultures affected by it, known as
966-652: The National BPFHT Council ( Purna Paskibraka Indonesia ). Their best appearance is during the Independence Day commemorations every 17 August. In 2003, the governor of Jakarta , Sutiyoso announced his plan to relocate the original Bendera Pusaka from the Merdeka Palace to the National Monument . For security and financial reasons, the Rp 3.5 billion (US$ 388,889) project was delayed for
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#17327865884151012-481: The National Monument has been mandated by law. The Bendera Pusaka consists of two bands, red at the top and white at the bottom, at a scale of 2:3. The red stands for bravery ( Indonesian : keberanian ), while the white stands for purity ( Indonesian : kesucian ). However, alternative meanings have been proposed, including that the red represents palm sugar and the white represents rice, both staples of Indonesian cuisine . The Bendera Pusaka has been used in
1058-483: The Nationalists, is one country out of many far-flung cultural roots, made up of millions of people from a number of ethnic communities and groups and from 38 provinces from far west of Sumatra to far east of Papua. It also thus represents Indonesia's indigenous flora and forests. The tree, common in many parts of the country, was for many years till the present the party symbol of Suharto's Golkar and thus one of
1104-571: The addition of a crest and the change of talons position to the scroll. It was believed that Sukarno suggested the crest addition because the "bald" Garuda was considered too similar to the bald eagle in the United States Great Seal . The Garuda clutches in its talons a scroll bearing the National Motto of Indonesia, " Bhinneka Tunggal Ika " which is an Old Javanese stanza of the epic poem " Sutasoma " attributed to
1150-418: The bottom right quarter, on a red background, is a chain made up of 9 round links representing women and 8 square links representing men, together they sum the number 17. This chain represents successive human generations. It corresponds to the second principle of the Pancasila , the principle of "Just and Civilized Humanity". The chain is in gold color, representing the country's mineral wealth and its shape as
1196-475: The chairman, and Ki Hajar Dewantara , M. A. Melkias Agustinus Pellaupessy , Mohammad Natsir , and Raden Mas Ngabehi Poerbatjaraka as committee members. The committee task is to select the proposals of United States of Indonesia national emblem to be presented to the government. According to Mohammad Hatta , in his memoire "Bung Hatta Menjawab", to fulfill the mandate of the Cabinet, Minister Priyono launched
1242-421: The country. It is divided into five sections: a background divided into quarters, colored red and white (the colors of the national flag) in a checkerboard pattern; and a smaller, concentric shield, black in background. A thick, black line lies horizontally across the shield, symbolizing the equator which passes through the Indonesian archipelago. The black shield bearing the golden star at center corresponds to
1288-482: The design competition. After the competition was held, there were two proposed designs selected as the finalists; one was the work of Sultan Hamid II and the other one was the work of Muhammad Yamin. The design proposed by Sultan Hamid II was accepted by both the People's Consultative Assembly (DPR) and the government, while Yamin's design was rejected because it featured shining sun emblem that seemed to be influenced by
1334-591: The eagle-like Garuda was done in stylised naturalistic style and named Rajawali (eagle) Garuda Pancasila . President Sukarno presented this design to the cabinet and Prime Minister Hatta. According to AG Pringgodigdo in his book "Sekitar Pancasila" published by the Minister of Defence and Security, the improved design of Garuda Pancasila by Sultan Hamid II was officially adopted in United States of Indonesia Cabinet Assembly on 11 February 1950. At that time,
1380-559: The emblem. Also, it is used on the front of every Naval vessel, denoting governmental status of the vessel. Moreover, every governor and head of cities or regencies wears the National Emblem on their headgear's badge. The President uses it on every plane he/she travelled with. Every Ministry, Provincial, Military and Police flag also uses it on one side. The Indonesian National Emblem is used as part of governmental institutions' and organisations' emblems. Such as being included within
1426-474: The emblems of Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), General Elections Commission (KPU), People's Representative Council (DPR), and Regional Representative Council (DPD). In sports , many sport branches uses the National Emblem as their uniform insignia, such as football, creating the nickname for the Indonesia national football team as the "Garuda Team". However, some elements of Garuda Pancasila
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1472-537: The first Pancasila principle : "Belief in One Supreme God". The color black represents the color of nature. Upon this shield at center is a golden, five-pointed star. This is a symbol common not only among Indonesia's sanctioned faiths of Islam , Protestantism , Hinduism , Catholicism , Buddhism and Confucianism , as well as among some of the Aliran Kepercayaan (native religions), but of
1518-630: The first year of the Indonesian National Revolution , the Bendera Pusaka flew day and night. After the Dutch took Jakarta in 1946, the Bendera Pusaka was brought to Yogyakarta in Sukarno's briefcase. During Operatie Kraai , the Bendera Pusaka was cut in half and given to Indonesian composer Husein Mutahar for safekeeping; Mutahar was told to "protect the flag with [his] life". Despite being captured by and escaping from
1564-644: The images (bas-relief or statue) of Garuda. In Prambanan temple complex, there is a single temple located in front of Vishnu temple, dedicated to Garuda. However, there is no statue of Garuda inside the chamber today. In the Shiva temple, also in Prambanan complex, there is a relief telling an episode of Ramayana about Garuda's nephew who also belongs to the bird-god race, Jatayu , tried to rescue Sita from Ravana 's hand. The deified statue of King Airlangga depicted as Vishnu mounting Garuda from Belahan, probably
1610-459: The many pusaka lost to time, including, according to rumours, the mask of Gadjah Mada , several tombak (pikes and lances) and many keris, to affirm his legitimacy as a modern pseudo-king. This Javanese -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Indonesia -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Garuda Pancasila The coat of arms or national emblem of Indonesia
1656-669: The more recognizable symbols of the New Order period. In the upper left quarter, on a red background, is the head of the Javanese wild bull, the banteng . This represents the fourth principle of Pancasila , the principle of " Democracy that is Guided by the Inner Wisdom in the Unanimity Arising Out of Deliberations Amongst Representatives". The banteng was chosen to symbolize democracy as Indonesians saw it as
1702-622: The most famous statue of Garuda from ancient Java. Now the statue is one of the important collection of Trowulan Museum . Garuda appear in many traditions and stories, especially in Java and Bali . In many stories Garuda symbolises the virtue of knowledge, power, bravery, loyalty, and discipline. As the vehicle of Vishnu, Garuda also bears the attributes of Vishnu, which symbolise preservation of cosmic order. Balinese tradition venerated Garuda as "the lord of all flying creatures", and "the majestic king of birds". In Bali, Garuda traditionally portrayed as
1748-452: The mountainous forest regions of Java . The Javan hawk-eagle's resemblance to the Garuda Pancasila is most obvious with the prominent crest crowning its head and the plumage colored dark-brownish to chestnut-gold. By presidential decree, the Javan hawk-eagle was legally registered as the national bird of Indonesia, and thus attributing the endangered species very high protection. As for
1794-625: The name of Indonesian national airlines, Garuda Indonesia . After the Indonesian National Revolution ended and followed by the Dutch acknowledgement of the Indonesian independence in 1949, there was a need to create a national emblem of United States of Indonesia . On 10 January 1950 the Committee of State Seal was formed, under co-ordination of Sultan Hamid II of Pontianak as the State Minister of No Portfolio , with Muhammad Yamin as
1840-405: The name of the Indonesian student organization Pasukan Pengibar Bendera Pusaka (often abbreviated Paskibraka; English: Bendera Pusaka Flag Hoisting Troop ). The organization, which was founded by Husein Mutahar in 1968, provides flag bearers for flag ceremonies in the local and national levels as well as in international functions for overseas Indonesians. This organization has a national board -
1886-456: The national emblem as rallying symbol. The controversy also raised from pro-Prabowo musician Ahmad Dhani who campaigned through a music video that displays golden Garuda Pancasila — which looks like the German imperial eagle , in aesthetic imagery reminiscent of Nazi's style fascism. The red Garuda is again used as part of Prabowo's campaign for presidency in the 2019 election . The Garuda
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1932-529: The national emblem, the Garuda symbolizes strength and power, while the gold color symbolizes greatness and glory. The feathers on the Garuda of the Indonesian coat-of-arms are arranged so that they invoke the date of 17 August 1945, the officially recognized Indonesian Day of Independence. The total number of feathers symbolizes the date of the proclamation of Indonesian independence : These numbers of feathers correspond to "17/8/1945" international date format for Indonesian Independence Day. Each section of
1978-411: The secular ideology of socialism as well. This tenet of Pancasila has been criticized, for it suggests compulsory religious belief as well as compulsory monotheism . Supporters of Sukarno's legacy, however, believe that this tenet was meant to unify Indonesia's population who have diverse beliefs and faiths from every part of the country (the star being a prominent symbol used by these faiths). In
2024-461: The shield has a symbol corresponding to the Pancasila principles laid down by its founder, President Sukarno . The numbers of some elements in these symbols might evokes certain numbers, such as 17 and 5 which represents the date of independence and the number of principles in Pancasila, respectively. The escutcheon (in heraldic terms ) or shield is a martial symbol, representing the defense of
2070-458: Was designed by Sultan Hamid II from Pontianak , supervised by Sukarno , and was adopted as the national emblem on 11 February 1950. Garuda , the discipled carrier or vehicle ( vahana ) of the Hindu god Vishnu , appears in many ancient Hindu - Buddhist temples of ancient Indonesia. Temples such as Mendut , Borobudur , Sajiwan , Prambanan , Kidal , Penataran , Belahan, and Sukuh depict
2116-567: Was sewn by Sukarno's wife Fatmawati. It was based on a 13th-century Majapahit flag, which had nine stripes of red and white. It was first raised at Sukarno's house at 56 Pegangsaan Timur Street, Jakarta , after Sukarno read the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence. It was hoisted on a short bamboo staff by a group led by Captain Latief Hendaningrat; after its hoisting, the gathered crowd sang " Indonesia Raya ". During
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