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35-599: Bad Berleburg lies in the northeast of Siegen-Wittgenstein in the middle of the Rothaargebirge , a low mountain range. The western town limit is also the boundary with the neighbouring district of Olpe . The town is also bordered on the north by the Hochsauerland district. The town's eastern limit is likewise the boundary with the Bundesland of Hesse . The town of Bad Laasphe borders on Bad Berleburg in

70-526: A Kreis (district) and are called kreisfreie Gemeinden , and when they do also not belong to any other Land they are also called Stadtstaaten (plural of Stadtstaat ), i.e. city-states ( Berlin and Hamburg ). These large municipalities (cities, in German Städte , plural of Stadt ) may be further divided into local offices named Ortsämter (plural of Ortsamt ), each of them possibly grouping several suburbs (or small townships in rural areas) of

105-547: A psychosomatic hospital. In 1951, on private initiative, a Kneipp spa association was founded, which was the forerunner to the Wittgenstein spa institution ( Wittgensteiner Kuranstalt ; WKA). In the first year that the WKA Kneipp spa works were open, there were 11,000 overnight stays. Little by little, Berleburg became Germany's second largest Kneipp spa. In 1971, once the town had been granted state recognition as

140-496: A Kneipp spa, Berleburg was entitled to use the prefix Bad (lit. "bath") with its name, thereby becoming the town of Bad Berleburg, as it has been known ever since. In 1974 also came recognition as a curative spa. In 1975, with the Sauerland-Paderborn Law, dealing with municipal reform, the surrounding Amt of Berleburg was abolished, and a great deal of it then became part of the town of Bad Berleburg, making

175-786: A geographical region in Iceland but the name lives on in the names of two public libraries in Iceland that were established during the amt era. The Amts libraries in Akureyri and Stykkishólmur which were established as the designated archives for the North and East Amt and the West Amt respectively. Ambacht can be seen as the Dutch equivalent to amt . Ambachten existed in Holland , Zeeland and Flanders up to about 1800. From 1662 to 1919,

210-848: A more exhaustive list of the Rothaar's many peaks . In the Rothaar Mountains and/or the Rothaar Mountain Nature Park or their outskirts are found, among others, these municipalities: Many hiking trails run through the Rothaar Mountains, including the Rothaar Path , a 154 km-long trail through the heights, and the Waldskulpturenweg ("Forest Sculpture Way") along which are found various sculptures and other artworks by different artists. In winter, many sporting opportunities beckon visitors to

245-464: Is Bär in German , pronounced the same way as the first syllable of Berleburg). [1] The House of Wittgenstein is also represented by the pallets (vertical stripes) from their old arms. The municipal area is crossed from north to south by Federal Highway ( Bundesstraße ) 480, joining Bad Berleburg with Winterberg in the north and Erndtebrück in the south. The Rothaarbahn railway reaches the town from

280-575: Is a low mountain range reaching heights of up to 843.1 m in North Rhine-Westphalia and Hesse , Germany . It is believed that its name must once have been Rod-Hard-Gebirge , or "the cleared forest mountain range", as the range has nothing whatsoever to do with the colour red ( rot in German ), nor with hair ( Haar ). The thickly wooded Rothaar, rich in mineral deposits, is found (mostly) in Westphalia sandwiched between

315-651: Is uncertain. The American " Church of the Brethren " was founded by Alexander Maack who also lived a few years in the village of Schwarzenau. Tolerance of religious dissenters ebbed after the death of Count Casimir in 1741. Wittgenstein was placed under the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1806. Under the terms of the Congress of Vienna , it was then ceded to the Prussian province of Westphalia in 1816. When

350-521: Is unique to the German Bundesländer (federal states) of Schleswig-Holstein , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Brandenburg . Other German states had this division in the past. Some states have similar administrative units called Samtgemeinde ( Lower Saxony ), Verbandsgemeinde ( Rhineland-Palatinate ) or Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ( Baden-Württemberg , Bavaria , Saxony , Saxony-Anhalt , Thuringia ). An Amt , as well as

385-541: Is used to offer decentralized services of the municipality within local administrative offices for the residents in neighbouring suburbs. The Ortsteil itself may also be confusingly translated as a "municipality", but it is incorrect because it belongs to a city which is the only effective municipality ( Gemeinde ). The amt (plural, amter ; translated as "county") was an administrative unit of Denmark (and, historically, of Denmark-Norway ). The counties were established by royal decree in 1662 as replacements for

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420-654: The Grafschaft Abbey (in this instance Grafschaft is a location rather than the German word for "county"), under the name Berneborg. The castle passed on 30 March 1258 to Count Siegfried I and the "monastery reeve" ( "Klostervogt" ) Adolf von Grafschaft. In 1322, this double overlordship in Berleburg was ended by Widekind von Grafschaft when he forwent his rights to the town in Siegfried II's favour. Siegfried

455-599: The Rothaarbahn railway was built to Berleburg in 1911, it brought with it the onset of industrialization , although it was limited to forest products at first. Other forms of industry did not come to town until after the Second World War . The town was already acknowledged as a climatic spa in 1935 for its gentle and agreeably mild climate. After 1949, the Klinik Wittgenstein was built as

490-873: The Sauerland Mountain Range to the north, the Upland mountain range (northeastern foothills of the Rothaar) to the northeast, Wittgenstein Land to the southeast and the Siegerland to the southwest. The range's southeastern foothills are lies in Hesse , and is the only part that lies outside of Westphalia . It stretches from the upper Eder and the Lenne from the Kahler Asten (841 m) southwest of

525-425: The amter were composed of a number of municipalities ( kommuner ). The reform granted the counties wider areas of responsibility, most notably running the national health service and the gymnasium secondary schools. The municipal reform of 1 January 2007 abolished the amter and replaced them with five administrative regions , now mainly charged with running the national health service. In contrast to

560-416: The amter , the regions hold no authority to levy taxes. The reform re-delegated all other areas of responsibility to either the municipalities or the state. At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, cutting the number of municipalities from 270 to 98. In Germany an Amt was a medieval administrative district covering a manorial estate or the land owned by a castle or village. It

595-693: The Winterberg Tableland ( Winterberger Hochfläche ) some 30 km to the southwest and drops off steeply towards the west, but much less sharply towards the east. The Rothaar is a narrow, banklike mountain chain, mostly over 600 m forming a large part of the Rhine Massif ( Rheinisches Schiefergebirge ). The highest peak in the Rothgaar Mountains is the Langenberg at 843.1 m. The elevation of other mountains in

630-406: The area are only slightly lower so that the individual mountains that make up the range hardly stand out from each other. The Rothaar Mountains are more or less co-extensive with the Rothaar Mountain Nature Park, parts of which do, however, reach into adjacent areas. In the northern Rothaar rise, among others, the rivers Diemel , Lenne , Neger, Nuhne, Odeborn, Orke, Ruhr , Wenne and Wilde Aa. In

665-434: The area for the time that follows, up to the 8th century. The constituent communities of Arfeld and Raumland were mentioned in documents in 800 and 802 respectively. There are also documents from 1059 confirming the existence of Alertshausen, Beddelhausen, Elsoff and Schwarzenau. In 1174, the name "Widechinstein" was mentioned for the first time. The village of Berleburg is mentioned for the first time in 1258 in documents from

700-457: The former fiefs ( Len ). The amter were originally composed of market towns ( købstæder ) and parishes , and held only small areas of responsibility. There were some changes to the borders of these counties over time, most notably when Roskilde County ( da ) was merged into Roskilde County ( da ) in 1808, and when Skanderborg County ( da ) was periodically merged into Århus County Skanderborg County ( da ). After Southern Jutland

735-402: The hospital services of the købstader without paying taxes for them, it became evident that reform was necessary. In 1958, interior minister Søren Olesen set in motion administrative reforms that would culminate in 1970. The municipal reform of 1 April 1970 reduced the number of counties to fourteen and eliminated the administrative distinction between (rural) parish and town. From then on,

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770-460: The municipality named Ortsteile (plural of Ortsteil ), named from small villages or hamlets or localities. The Ortsteil (suburb or township) may have been a former parish, but today it is meant only for civil purpose and essentially used for planning within the municipality; the Ortsamt (sometimes just named informally but confusingly as an Amt , or informally translated as an "urban district")

805-552: The other above-mentioned units, is subordinate to a Kreis ( district ) and is a collection of municipalities. The amt is lower than district-level government but higher than municipal government, and may be described as a supra-municipality or "municipal confederation". Normally, it consists of very small municipalities ( Gemeinden , plural of Gemeinde ). Larger municipalities do not belong to an Amt and are called amtsfreie Gemeinden (independent municipalities); some of these municipalities might also not be governed by or linked with

840-643: The range. Suitable facilities for this include the Postwiesen skiing area (near Neuastenberg), the Skiliftkarussell Winterberg and Snow World Züschen. Within or on the outskirts of the Rothaar are found the Panorama-Park Sauerland and Fort Fun Abenteuerland amusement parks . In 2011 began the reintroduction of free-ranging wisents into the Rothaar Mountains. The project is, however, not without its controversy in

875-502: The region, with cultivators in particular worrying about possible damage that the creatures might do. Amt (subnational entity) Amt is a type of administrative division governing a group of municipalities, today only in Germany, but formerly also common in other countries of Northern Europe . Its size and functions differ by country and the term is roughly equivalent to a British or U.S. county . The Amt (plural: Ämter )

910-594: The south rise the Dill , Eder , Ferndorfbach, Ilse, Lahn and Sieg . Over the range runs the Rhine-Weser watershed . In the farthest southwest of the Rothaar are the Obernau and Breitenbach dams . Among the best known (but not necessarily the highest) of the Rothaar's peaks, which consist partly of porphyry , are (including all "Achthunderter" , or "eight-hundreders", sorted by height): The German Misplaced Pages has

945-588: The south, and the community of Erndtebrück in the southwest. The small river Odeborn flows through Berleburg and empties into the Eder further south. Since 1975, the following villages have been part of Bad Berleburg: (in each case at 31 December) Archaeological finds confirm that the area covered by today's municipal area was settled as far back as the 7th century BC. On the castle hills at Aue, Dotzlar and Wemlighausen are traces of circular forts from this time. There is, however, no evidence of settlement in

980-956: The south, ending there. Until 31 May 1981 there was a connection from Bad Berleburg to Allendorf and Frankenberg by the Upper Edertalbahn and the Ruhr-Eder-Bahn . Alertshausen Arfeld Aue Beddelhausen Berghausen Christianseck Diedenshausen Dotzlar Elsoff Girkhausen Hemschlar Raumland Richstein Rinthe Sassenhausen Schüllar Schwarzenau Stünzel Weidenhausen Wemlighausen Wingeshausen Rothaargebirge The Rothaar Mountains ( German : Rothaargebirge , pronounced [ˈʁoːthaːɐ̯ɡəˌbɪʁɡə] , also Rotlagergebirge ), or Rothaar ,

1015-430: The town North Rhine-Westphalia's second largest by land area. The communities of Hoheleye, Langewiese, Mollseifen and Neuastenberg were assigned to the newly established Hochsauerland district. They are today constituent communities of Winterberg . The communities of Balde, Birkelbach, Birkefehl, Leimstruth and Womelsdorf were transferred to the community of Erndtebrück . At the same time, the old district of Wittgenstein

1050-568: Was a centre in Germany for the Inspiration Movement, which had grown out of radical pietism . Between 1726 and 1742, the well known Berleburg Bible was printed here. Christoph Sauer (1695–1758) lived in nearby Laasphe for a few years before emigrating to Pennsylvania in 1724. There in 1743 he would print the first German-language Bible in North America with a press and Fraktur type that may come from Berleburg, but this

1085-468: Was dissolved and added to Siegen district. In 1984, this district's name was changed to Siegen-Wittgenstein, as it is still called now. The town council's 32 seats as of May 2022 were distributed as follows: Note: UWG is a citizens' coalition. The lion rampant is the mark of the House of Sayn, and the bear stands for the hunt. Some sources, on the other hand, say that it is a canting symbol ("Bear"

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1120-591: Was headed by an Amtmann , usually a lesser nobleman or cleric, appointed by a territorial lord to administer and dispense justice within the Amt . While Iceland was a territory of the Danish-Norwegian realm, amts (singular: amt ; plural: ömt ) were established in the country on top of the existing counties . From 1684 to 1770, Iceland as whole was a single amt in the Kingdom of Denmark-Norway but

1155-551: Was returned to Denmark after the 1920 Schleswig plebiscites , four new counties were created in the area. During the 20th century, the powers of the counties were expanded, when they were granted responsibility for the hospital service. The købstæder , which by this time had been separated from the counties and were overseen by the Interior Ministry , assumed the same responsibility. As the population became increasingly urbanized, and many rural communities came to rely on

1190-511: Was the last of his noble line, and when he died, the inheritance went to his son-in-law, Salentin von Sayn. He founded the House of Sayn-Wittgenstein . In 1488, and again in 1522, great fires roared through the town. Until Count Ludwig the Elder's death in 1605, Berleburg was developing itself into a capital and residence town of the County of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg, which in the 18th century

1225-486: Was then split into two amts: North and East Amt ( Norður- og Austuramt ) and South and West Amt ( Suður- og Vesturamt ). The latter was in 1787 split into a West Amt ( Vesturamt ) and South Amt ( Suðuramt ). Iceland was thus divided into three amts until 1872, when the South and West amts were again merged. Amts were abolished in 1904, when Iceland gained home rule from Denmark. Amts are not used to denote

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