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44-575: The group has its origins in the ensemble brought together for the musical play Veronika, der Lenz ist da – Die Comedian Harmonists (Veronica, Spring Has Come – The Comedian Harmonists), which had its premiere on 19 December 1997 at the Komödie am Kurfürstendamm on the Kurfürstendamm in Berlin. This followed the screening of a film, Comedian Harmonists (1997), which like the musical was about

88-682: A 1685 map. The name Churfürsten Damm was first mentioned between 1767 and 1787. From 1875 the former bridlepath was embellished as a boulevard with a breadth of 53 m (174 ft) on the personal initiative of chancellor Otto von Bismarck , who also proposed the building of the Grunewald mansions colony at its western end. In 1882, Ernst Werner von Siemens presented his Elektromote trolley bus concept at an experimental track near Halensee station. The nearby Lunapark opened in 1909, then Europe's largest amusement park , modelled on Coney Island , where boxer Max Schmeling won his first title of

132-548: A Berlin group, the " Comedian Harmonists ", which flourished between 1927 and 1934, when it came to an end due to the rise of the National Socialists to power and their anti-Jewish measures. Most of the group's songs had been written by Jewish composers, and the group also had Jewish members who were prevented from performing. Following the success of the play which brought them together, the singers were several times asked to give gala performances and concerts outside

176-567: A German Lightheavyweight Champion in 1926. After a long period of decline the park was finally closed in 1933. Large parts are today covered by the Stadtautobahn. In 1913 the new Marmorhaus cinema opened. A number of major film premieres were held here during the silent era . Especially during the " Golden Twenties " the Kurfürstendamm area of the "New West" was a centre of leisure and nightlife in Berlin, an era that ended with

220-571: A frequent motif featured in Classical Chinese poetry as an embodiment of sorrowful sentiments due to its autumnal shedding of leaves. The legendary Dry Tree first recorded by Marco Polo was possibly a platanus. According to the legend, it marked the site of the battle between Alexander the Great and Darius III . The German camouflage pattern Platanenmuster ("plane tree pattern"), designed in 1937–1942 by Johann Georg Otto Schick,

264-662: A junior synonym of P. lindeniana ANA clade part of the P. racemosa species aggregate PNA-E clade J.-F.Leroy in a strict sense synonymous with P. mexicana var. interior Nixon & Poole, restricted to Guanajuato , Hidalgo , Querétaro and San Luis Potosí , and of hybrid origin s.str: 1–3 ANA clade syn Platanus occidentalis var. lindeniana part of the P. mexicana species aggregate, synonymous with P. mexicana var. mexicana according Nixon & Poole ANA clade junior synonym of P. lindeniana or distinct species ANA clade ANA clade ANA clade ANA clade PNA-E clade PNA-E clade part of

308-458: A place, and have led to initial suspicion of an attack with an irritant gas. After one such mass attack which affected schoolchildren in classrooms with open windows densely surrounded by plane tees, children had to be admitted to hospital, where they were treated and recovered without ill effects. It was found that the symptoms were due to the fine star-shaped trichomes (hairs) on all parts of platanus trees, which are broken off by strong wind after

352-625: A portion of it. A few years later, the Kurfürstendamm became the site of protests and major demonstrations by the German student movement . On 11 April 1968, spokesman Rudi Dutschke was shot in the head while leaving the office of the Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund on Kurfürstendamm No. 140. After German reunification the Kurfürstendamm had to compete with central places like Potsdamer Platz , Friedrichstraße , and Alexanderplatz , which led to

396-628: A prolonged dry period. The dust created causes direct irritation and scratchiness in the eyes, throat, and nose, but not the runny nose and itching eyes and nose caused by an allergy . The school incident took place after a dry period, with a fairly high temperature of 29 °C (84 °F), and wind blowing at 50 km/h (31 mph). Protection against platanus cough is provided by avoiding contact and wearing protective glasses and masks under weather conditions promoting release of trichomes. When cleaning in an urban environment, sweeping up fallen leaves and branches can release hairs; cleaning by suction

440-491: A sadistic attack, in "the most brutal anti-Jewish manifestation since Hitler's rise to power," with Hitler 's instigation, and Nazi managed press blaming the victims. Varian Fry , an American journalist and future Righteous Among the Nations , witnessed the brutality and was inspired to become an "ardent anti-Nazi." The shops and businesses owned by Jewish tradespeople became the target of several pogroms, culminating in

484-615: Is an anthropogenic hybrid ( cultivar ) between the North American P. occidentalis sensu stricto (ANA clade) and the Mediterranean P. orientalis (PNA-E clade). Widely used as a park tree across the Northern Hemisphere, it frequently backcrosses with both its parents. The following are named species of Platanus ; not all are accepted by all authorities: part of P. mexicana species aggregate, probably

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528-476: Is now rare is plantain tree (not to be confused with other, unrelated, species with the name ). Some North American species are called sycamores (especially Platanus occidentalis ), although the term is also used for several unrelated species of trees . The genus name Platanus comes from Ancient Greek πλάτανος , which referred to Platanus orientalis . The flowers are reduced and are borne in balls (globose heads); 3–7 hairy sepals may be fused at

572-607: Is one of the most famous avenues in Berlin . The street takes its name from the former Kurfürsten ( prince-electors ) of Brandenburg . The broad, long boulevard can be considered the Champs-Élysées of Berlin and is lined with shops, houses, hotels and restaurants. In particular, many fashion designers have their shops there, as well as several car manufacturers' show rooms. The avenue includes four lines of plane trees and runs for 3.5 km (2.2 mi) through

616-459: Is particularly popular for this purpose. The American plane is cultivated sometimes for timber and investigations have been made into its use as a biomass crop. The oriental plane is widely used as an ornamental tree, and also has a number of minor medicinal uses. Most significant aspects of cultural history apply to Platanus orientalis in the Old World. The tree is an important part of

660-448: Is preferred. It is not recommended that trees in cities be felled, as they are beneficial; in particular the platanus trichomes act as biofilters for air pollutants. Where there are urban concentrations presenting a risk, seasonal spraying of trees with a solution of apple pectin can prevent the star hair from breaking off. The principal use of these trees is as ornamental trees, especially in urban areas and by roadsides. The London plane

704-408: Is to the other North American species ( P. mexicana sensu lato , including up to four species: P. chiapaensis, P. lindeniana, P. [×] mexicana sensu stricto , P. oaxacana; P. occidentalis s.l. with two [sub]species: P. occidentalis, P. palmeri ; P. rzedowskii ). The two groups form genetically and morphologically distinct evolutionary lineages ( sister clades ), informally called

748-558: The Great Depression and the Nazi Machtergreifung in 1933. On Sep 12, 1931, radical antisemite, Nazi Wolf-Heinrich Graf von Helldorff organizes a riot, about a thousand men appear from within the crowd on the streets and start attacking people who they think are Jewish, scream at them and then they beat them, scream anti-Jewish threats at them. On July 15, 1935, about 200 Nazi Storm Troopers went on

792-420: The P. racemosa species aggregate PNA-E clade (syn. P. × acerifolia ( Aiton ) Willd. , P. hybrida Brot. ) hybrid of P. occidentalis and P. orientalis interlineage hybrid Planes are susceptible to plane anthracnose ( Apiognomonia veneta ), a fungal disease that can defoliate the trees in some years. The most severe infections are associated with cold, wet spring weather. P. occidentalis and

836-793: The Swissôtel Berlin can be found at the same junction. One block farther, near Uhlandstraße U-Bahn station , is the Hotel Bristol Berlin (formerly Kempinski ) hotel as well as the Theater am Kurfürstendamm , at the site of a former exhibition hall of the Berlin Secession art association. At Adenauerplatz the boulevard reaches the district of Wilmersdorf , where it passes the Schaubühne theatre on Lehniner Platz . The more sober western or "upper" end of

880-522: The United States , Latin America , Spain , Italy , France , and Switzerland . The group's repertory includes the well-known songs of the original pre-Second World War Comedian Harmonists , as well as other hit songs, their own arrangements, and original compositions including "Sabine", "Hummerschwanz" ('Lobster Tail'), and "Se Dici di Lasciarmi". The operetta Frau Luna was rewritten for

924-478: The larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Phyllonorycter platani and Setaceous Hebrew Character . In the 21st century a disease, commonly known as Massaria disease, has attacked plane trees across Europe. It is caused by the fungus Splanchnonema platani , and causes large lesions on the upper sides of branches. There have been cases of "platanus cough", symptoms of shortness of breath, coughing, and irritated eyes, which may affect several people in

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968-510: The " Reichskristallnacht " of 9 November 1938. In World War II the boulevard suffered severe damage from air raids and the Battle of Berlin . Nevertheless, after the war rebuilding started quickly, and when Berlin was separated into East and West Berlin , the Kurfürstendamm became the leading commercial street of West Berlin in its Wirtschaftswunder days. For that reason, too, John F. Kennedy 's tour of West Berlin on June 26, 1963, included

1012-641: The Brandenburg margraves to reach the Grunewald hunting lodge, which was erected about 1542 at the behest of the Hohenzollern elector Joachim II Hector . Although the exact date of the building is unknown, an unnamed causeway leading from the Stadtschloss through the swampy area between the settlements of Charlottenburg (then called Lietzow ) and Wilmersdorf to Grunewald is already depicted in

1056-666: The Kurfürstendamm is marked by the Berlin-Halensee railway station on the Ringbahn line and the junction with the Bundesautobahn 100 ( Stadtring ) at the Rathenauplatz  [ de ] roundabout, featuring the long-disputed 1987 "Beton Cadillacs" sculpture by Wolf Vostell . Unlike the adjacent streets, the Kurfürstendamm developed out of a historic corduroy road ( German : Damm ) laid out by

1100-439: The base, and the petals are 3–7 and are spatulate . Male and female flowers are separate, but borne on the same plant ( monoecious ). The number of heads in one cluster ( inflorescence ) is indicative of the species (see table below). The male flower has 3–8 stamens ; the female has a superior ovary with 3–7 carpels . Plane trees are wind-pollinated. Male flower-heads fall off after shedding their pollen. After being pollinated,

1144-509: The beginning of 1935 intense anti Jewish incitement had newly surfaced among party radicals.... Jochen Klepper, a deeply religious Protestant writer whose wife was Jewish, wrote in his diary on July 13: "Anti-Semitic excesses on the Kurfürstendamm.... The cleansing of Berlin of Jews threateningly announced." A week later Klepper again wrote of what had happened on the Kurfürstendamm: Jewish women had been struck in

1188-434: The boots and trousers worn by many, it was clear that they were Nazi Storm Troopers. Howling down their victims with cries of "Out with Jews!" and "Destruction to Jews!", the rowdies freely vented their passion against an unsuspecting defenseless populace. Including some foreigners. Frantic and hurried phone calls made to the police by café proprietors had very little effect because the police appeared most reluctant to prevent

1232-663: The city. It branches off from the Breitscheidplatz , where the ruins of the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church stand, and leads southwestward up to the district of Grunewald . At the junction with Joachimstaler Straße it passes the Café Kranzler , successor of the Café des Westens , a famous venue for artists and bohémiens of the pre–World War I era. The Kurfürstendamm U-Bahn station and

1276-482: The closing of numerous cafés and cinemas. It retained the character of a flâneur and upscale shopping street as the western continuation of the Tauentzienstraße with its large department stores. The globally unique international art project United Buddy Bears was presented in Berlin on the Kurfürstendamm during the summer of 2011. Dr. Lindsay MacNeill: About a thousand men basically appear from within

1320-596: The context of the original production, and a new musical group thus came into being. The founding members were Olaf Drauschke and Guenter Barton (first and second baritones ), Holger Off and Marco Woytowicz (first and second tenors ), Tilmann F. Rönnebeck ( bass ), and Horst Maria Merz ( pianist ). After the closing of Veronika , the Berlin Comedian Harmonists soon found themselves singing around Germany and abroad, with appearances in Australia ,

1364-806: The crowd on the streets and start attacking people.  Erin Harper: That’s Dr. Lindsay MacNeill, a historian at the Museum. Dr. Lindsay MacNeill: Officers hesitated to make arrests on Kurfürstendamm in 1935 because they had a new boss: Wolf-Heinrich von Helldorf. In his prior role as leader of the Berlin SA, Helldorf had instigated in September 1931 the very same kind of street violence that took place on Kurfürstendamm in July 1935. In 1931, he had faced criminal charges for his actions. From

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1408-828: The ensemble by Paul Lincke under the title of Die Comedian Harmonists besuchen Frau Luna ('The Comedian Harmonists Visit Frau Luna'), and this had its opening night at the Municipal Theatre, Hamelin , on 22 March 2006. The Berlin Comedian Harmonists have appeared at concerts of André Rieu . They sing four songs on his DVD album I Lost My Heart in Heidelberg (2009): Veronika der Lenz ist Da , Irgendwo auf der Welt , Die Liebe der Matrosen , and with Carla Maffioletti and Mirusia Louwerse Adieu, Mein Kleiner Gardeoffizier . Over

1452-540: The face; Jewish men had behaved courageously. "Nobody came to their help, because everyone is afraid of being arrested." [Citing, Klepper,  Unter dem Schatten deiner Fluegel: Aus den Tagebuechern der Jahre 1932-1942 , (Stuttgart, 1983), p.269]. On the night of July 15, 1935, about 200 German toughs invaded Berlin's fashionable Kurfürstendamm, seizing, chasing and savagely beating men and women who looked Jewish to them or displeased them by attitude and appearance. The young ruffians were clad in civilian clothes, but from

1496-399: The female flowers become achenes that form an aggregate ball. The fruit is a multiple of achenes (plant systematics, Simpson M. G., 2006). Typically, the core of the ball is 1 cm in diameter and is covered with a net of mesh 1 mm, which can be peeled off. The ball is 2.5–4 cm in diameter and contains several hundred achenes, each of which has a single seed and is conical, with

1540-668: The genus is the Oriental plane Platanus orientalis . All except for P. kerrii are deciduous , and most are found in riparian or other wetland habitats in the wild, though proving drought-tolerant in cultivation. The hybrid London plane ( Platanus × hispanica ) has proved particularly tolerant of urban conditions, and has been widely planted in London and elsewhere across the temperate world. They are often known in English as planes or plane trees . A formerly used name that

1584-428: The literary scenery of Plato's dialogue Phaedrus . Because of Plato , the tree also played an important role in the scenery of Cicero's De Oratore . The trees also provided the shade under which Aristotle and Plato's famed philosophical schools were held. Handel 's opera Serse has a famous aria , " Ombra mai fu ", which the title character sings in praise of his favorite plane tree. The plane tree has been

1628-551: The other American species are the most susceptible, with P. orientalis the most resistant. The hybrid London plane is intermediate in resistance. Ceratocystis platani , a wilt disease , has become a significant problem in recent years in much of Europe. The North American species are mostly resistant to the disease, with which they probably coevolved, while the Old World species are highly sensitive. Other diseases such as powdery mildew occur frequently, but are of lesser importance. Platanus species are used as food plants by

1672-579: The others; recent studies in Mexico have increased the number of accepted species in this subgenus. Within subgenus Platanus , evidence from both chloroplast and nuclear gene sequences suggests that the P. racemosa species complex in Western North America (including P. racemosa , P. gentryi , P. wrightii ) is more closely related to the Eurasian P. orientalis than it

1716-422: The point attached downward to the net at the surface of the ball. There is also a tuft of many thin stiff yellow-green bristle fibers attached to the base of each achene. These bristles help in wind dispersion of the fruits as in the dandelion . The leaves are simple and alternate. In the subgenus Platanus they have a palmate outline. The base of the leaf stalk (petiole) is enlarged and completely wraps around

1760-471: The sadistic attack. Platanus See text Platanus ( / ˈ p l æ t ə n ə s / PLAT -ən-əss ) is a genus consisting of a small number of tree species native to the Northern Hemisphere . They are the sole living members of the family Platanaceae . All mature members of Platanus are tall, reaching 30–50 m (98–164 ft) in height. The type species of

1804-477: The splitting of an ancestral lineage into two ( Tree of Life metaphor) but also evolutionary anastomoses : hybridization and introgression. The fossil record of leaves and fruit identifiable to Platanus begins in the Paleocene . Despite the geographic separation between North America and Old World, species from these continents will cross readily resulting in fertile hybrids such as the London plane, which

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1848-648: The years since 1997 the membership of the ensemble has changed, with Ralf Steinhagen replacing Marco Woytowicz as second tenor, Philipp Seibert taking over from Günter Barton as second baritone, and first Rolf Randolph and later Wolfgang Höltzel taking the place of Tilmann F. Rönnebeck as bass. Another change took place in summer 2018 when the pianist was replaced by Nikolai Orloff and the 2nd tenor by Norbert Kohler. Kurf%C3%BCrstendamm The Kurfürstendamm ( German pronunciation: [ˌkuːɐ̯fʏʁstn̩ˈdam] ; colloquially Ku'damm , [ˈkuːdam] ; English: Prince Elector Embankment )

1892-411: The young stem bud in its axil. The axillary bud is exposed only after the leaf falls off. The mature bark peels off or exfoliates easily in irregularly shaped patches, producing a mottled, scaly appearance. On old trunks, bark may not flake off, but thickens and cracks instead. There are two subgenera, subgenus Castaneophyllum containing the anomalous P. kerrii , and subgenus Platanus , with all

1936-453: The “ANA clade” (Atlantic North American lineage) and “PNA-E clade” (Pacific North American-European lineage). Both lineages have been affected by reticulate evolutionary processes in the past (ancient or recent hybridization and introgression ): The genus Platanus exemplarily illustrates the concept of a Coral of Life , a species network. Its modern-day species are not only the product of evolutionary dichotomies ( cladogenesis ),

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