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95-492: The BBTAS were first established in 2019 and launched in October of that year, to coincide with Black History Month . They were created by Solange Urdang and Omar F. Okai. The Awards were created to celebrate all those black artists and creatives that have contributed to British theatre from the 1950s. They have contributed a rich cultural influence and new ways of approaching theatre. Founders Urdang and Okai recognised that in

190-606: A "culture of dislocation." For Iton, the traditional approach to the African diaspora focuses on the ruptures associated with the Atlantic slave trade and Middle Passage , notions of dispersal, and "the cycle of retaining, redeeming, refusing, and retrieving 'Africa.'" This conventional framework for analyzing the diaspora is dangerous, according to Iton, because it presumes that diaspora exists outside of Africa, thus simultaneously disowning and desiring Africa. Further, Iton suggests

285-784: A category for ideological reasons. As of 2020, there were approximately 1,000,000 Afro-Germans . This number is difficult to estimate because the German census does not use race as a category. Some black people of unknown origin (Though perceived as Ethiopians ) once inhabited southern Abkhazia ; today, they have been assimilated into the Abkhaz population. African emigrants to Italy include Italian citizens and residents originally from Africa; immigrants from Africa officially residing in Italy in 2015 numbered over 1 million residents. There are an estimated 500,000 African or mixed African people in

380-619: A challenge to the existing slave systems in the region. Continuous waves of slave rebellions , such as the Baptist War led by Samuel Sharpe in British Jamaica , created the conditions for the incremental abolition of slavery in the region, with Great Britain abolishing it in the 1830s . The Spanish colony of Cuba was the last Caribbean island to emancipate its slaves. During the 20th century, Afro-Caribbean people began to assert their cultural, economic and political rights on

475-489: A greater mixture in the south-western departments of Cauca and Valle del Cauca . In these mestizo areas the African culture has had a great influence. Some European countries make it illegal to collect demographic census information based on ethnicity or ancestry (e.g. France), but some others do query along racial lines (e.g. the UK). Of 42 countries surveyed by a European Commission against Racism and Intolerance study in 2007, it

570-538: A negligible factor in the thought of the world, and it stands in danger of being exterminated. The American Indian left no continuous record. He did not appreciate the value of tradition; and where is he today? The Hebrew keenly appreciated the value of tradition, as is attested by the Bible itself. In spite of worldwide persecution, therefore, he is a great factor in our civilization. In 1929, The Journal of Negro History noted that, with only two exceptions, officials with

665-481: A new starting principle for the use of diaspora: "the impossibility of settlement that correlates throughout the modern period with the cluster of disturbances that trouble not only the physically dispersed but those moved without traveling." Iton adds that this impossibility of settlement—this "modern matrix of strange spaces—outside the state but within the empire"—renders notions of black citizenship fanciful, and in fact, "undesirable". Iton argues that we citizenship,

760-506: A state of statelessness thereby deconstructing colonial sites and narratives in an effort to "de-link geography and power," putting " all space into play" (emphasis added) For Iton, diaspora's potential is represented by a "rediscursive albeit agonistic field of play that might denaturalize the hegemonic representations of modernity as unencumbered and self-generating and bring into clear view its repressed, colonial subscript". African diaspora populations include but are not limited to: It

855-728: Is considered inclusive of the African, Afro-Caribbean, and African-American black communities in Canada. At an intermediate level, in South America and in the former plantations in and around the Indian Ocean, descendants of enslaved people are a bit harder to define because many people are mixed in demographic proportion to the original slave population. In places that imported relatively few slaves (like Chile ), few if any are considered "black" today. In places that imported many enslaved people (like Brazil or Dominican Republic ),

950-469: Is given to people who identify, nurture and develop talent through the stage school process, as well as a Lifetime Achievement. Black History Month Black History Month is an annually observed commemorative month originating in the United States , where it is also known as African-American History Month. It began as a way of remembering important people and events in the history of

1045-628: Is illegal for the French State to collect data on ethnicity and race. The first Africans in the Americas arrived in the region during the initial period of European colonization . In 1492, Afro-Spanish sailor Pedro Alonso Niño served as a pilot on the voyages of Christopher Columbus ; though he returned to the Americas in 1499, Niño did not settle in the region. By the early 16th century, more Africans began to arrive in Spanish colonies in

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1140-533: Is largely patrilineal with an estimated 19% of African American ancestors being European males, and 5% being European females. The interracial mixing occurred before the Civil War and largely in the American South , beginning during the colonial era . The states with the highest percentages of people of African descent are Mississippi (36%), and Louisiana (33%). While not a state, the population of

1235-516: Is the worldwide collection of communities descended from people from Africa , predominantly in the Americas . The African populations in the Americas are descended from haplogroup L genetic groups of native Africans. The term most commonly refers to the descendants of the native West and Central Africans who were enslaved and shipped to the Americas via the Atlantic slave trade between

1330-697: The African diaspora , initially lasting a week before becoming a month-long observation since 1970. It is celebrated in February in the United States and Canada , where it has received official recognition from governments, and more recently has also been celebrated in Ireland and the United Kingdom where it is observed in October. The precursor to Black History Month was created in 1926 in

1425-517: The Americas during the transatlantic slave trade , 645,000 were shipped to the British colonies on the North American mainland and the United States . In 2000, African Americans comprised 12.1 percent of the total population in the United States, constituting the largest racial minority group. The African-American population is concentrated in the southern states and urban areas. In

1520-512: The Atlantic , Trans-Saharan , Red Sea and Indian Ocean slave trades. The earliest recorded evidence of Africans as slaves outside of Africa comes from Ancient Greece and Rome . In the Greco-Roman world , almost all native Africans were known primarily as Aithiopians , a term that means "burnt face" (αἴθω, aíthō , 'I burn' + ὤψ, ṓps , 'face'), rather than referring to the geographical location of Ethiopia . Most Aithiopian slaves in

1615-591: The Bantu peoples of Southeast Africa , along with Habesha immigrants. Some were merchants, sailors, indentured servants , slaves and mercenaries. The Siddi population is currently estimated at 850,000 individuals, with Karnataka , Gujarat and Telangana states in India and Makran and Karachi in Pakistan as the main population centres. Siddis are primarily Muslims, although some are Hindus and others belong to

1710-730: The Black German community began observing Black History Month. Programs have included discussions of black Europeans, international African perspectives, the history of civil rights in the U.S., and apartheid in South Africa. In 1995, after a motion by politician Jean Augustine , representing the riding of Etobicoke—Lakeshore in Ontario, Canada's House of Commons officially recognized February as Black History Month ( French : Mois de l'histoire des Noirs ) and honored Black Canadians . In 2008, Senator Donald Oliver moved to have

1805-900: The Canaries . There are about 2,500,000 (4.2%) people identifying as Black British (not including British Mixed ), among which are Afro-Caribbeans . They live mostly in urban areas in England . The first Black people in Russia were the result of the slave trade of the Ottoman Empire and their descendants still live on the coasts of the Black Sea . Czar Peter the Great was advised by his friend Lefort to bring in Africans to Russia for hard labor. Alexander Pushkin 's great-grandfather

1900-674: The Cape Verde Islands , started to arrive in a voluntary immigration wave to seek employment as whalers in Massachusetts . This migration continued until restrictive laws were enacted in 1921 that in effect closed the door on non-Europeans. By that time, men of African ancestry were already a majority in New England 's whaling industry, with African Americans working as sailors, blacksmiths, shipbuilders, officers, and owners. The internationalism of whaling crews, including

1995-783: The Catholic Church . Although often economically and socially marginalised as a community today, Siddis once ruled Bengal as the Habshi dynasty of the Bengal Sultanate , while the famous Siddi, Malik Ambar , effectively controlled the Ahmadnagar Sultanate . He played a major role, politically and militarily, in Indian history by slowing down the penetration of the Delhi-based Mughals into

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2090-572: The Dalaman , Menderes and Gediz valleys, Manavgat , and Çukurova . In the 19th century, contemporary records mention African quarters of İzmir , including Sabırtaşı, Dolapkuyu, Tamaşalık, İkiçeşmelik, and Ballıkuyu. Africans in Turkey are around 100.000 people. There are a number of communities in South Asia that are descended from African slaves, traders or soldiers. These communities are

2185-805: The Deccan Plateau of South central India. Some Pan-Africanists also consider other peoples as diasporic African peoples. These groups include, among others, Negritos , such as in the case of the peoples of the Malay Peninsula ( Orang Asli ); New Guinea (Papuans); Andamanese ; certain peoples of the Indian subcontinent , and the aboriginal peoples of Melanesia and Micronesia . Most of these claims are rejected by mainstream ethnologists as pseudoscience and pseudo-anthropology, as part of ideologically motivated Afrocentrist irredentism , touted primarily among some extremist elements in

2280-525: The District of Columbia is more than 50% black. Recent African immigrants represent a minority of black people nationwide. The U.S. Bureau of the Census categorizes the population by race based on self-identification. The census surveys have no provision for a "multiracial" or "biracial" self-identity, but since 2000, respondents may check off more than one box and claim multiple ethnicity that way. Much of

2375-545: The Greco-Roman world came from Kush (modern-day Sudan ), after they became prisoners of war in altercations with nearby Egypt . Archaeological evidence shows that a very small proportion of slaves in the Greco-Roman world were Aithiopian , in part due to the distance required for import. Aithiopian slaves were primarily engaged in domestic and entertainment work, leading archaeologists to believe that they were considered an expensive luxury. In one ostentatious display,

2470-553: The Indian Ocean as part of the Indian Ocean slave trade , roughly eight million were shipped northwards as part of the Trans-Saharan slave trade , and roughly eleven million were transported to the Americas as part of the Atlantic slave trade . Their descendants are now found around the globe, but because of intermarriage they are not necessarily readily identifiable. Many scholars have challenged conventional views of

2565-558: The Senate officially recognize Black History Month, which was unanimously approved. Canada defines the festivity as an opportunity to celebrate "the achievements and contributions of Black Canadians and their communities who … have done so much to make Canada a culturally diverse, compassionate, and prosperous country". Ireland's Great Hunger Institute , at Quinnipiac University in Connecticut , notes: "Black History Month Ireland

2660-655: The Siddi , Sheedi , Makrani and Sri Lanka Kaffirs . In some cases, they became very prominent, such as Jamal-ud-Din Yaqut , Hoshu Sheedi , Malik Ambar , or the rulers of Janjira State . The Mauritian creole people are the descendants of African slaves similar to those in the Americas. The Siddi ( pronounced [sɪd̪d̪i] ), also known as the Sheedi , Sidi , Siddhi , or Habshi , are an ethnic group inhabiting India and Pakistan . Members are mostly descended from

2755-596: The Underground Railroad , a system supported by both blacks and whites to assist fugitive slaves. After achieving independence, northern states in the U.S. had begun to abolish slavery as early as 1793, but slavery was not abolished in the South until 1865, following the American Civil War . Black immigration to Canada in the twentieth century consisted mostly of Caribbean descent. As a result of

2850-536: The United States who do not reflect on the mainstream African-American community. Mainstream anthropologists determine that the Andamanese and others are part of a network of autochthonous ethnic groups present in South Asia that trace their genetic ancestry to a migratory sequence that culminated in the Australian Aboriginals rather than from Africa directly. Genetic testing has shown

2945-689: The White House as part of Black History Month. When asked by President Barack Obama why she was there, McLaurin said: "A Black president. A Black wife. And I'm here to celebrate Black history. That's what I'm here for." In the United Kingdom, Black History Month was first celebrated in October 1987 The year of 1987, recognized as the African Jubilee, was coincidentally the year of the 150th anniversary of Caribbean emancipation,

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3040-762: The Young Vic . Founders and directors Urdang and Okai said regarding this year's awards: "This is an important year with UK Theatre coming to a standstill and The Black Lives Matter movement protests. We feel it is important now more than ever to highlight the wonderful Black British talent we have in abundance and hope to bring positivity to such a difficult time". The 2021 Black British Theatre Awards were held at The Old Finsbury Town Hall again and were hosted by Cynthia Erivo and Danny Sapani . Guest presenters included previous winners Miriam-Teak Lee and Layton Williams , as well as Jason Pennycooke , Dawn Hope and Matthew Xia. The 2022 Black British Theatre Awards ceremony

3135-493: The 1510s and participated in the siege of Tenochtitlan . Africans had been present in Asia and Europe long before Columbus's travels. In the late 20th century, Africans began to emigrate to Europe and the Americas in increasing numbers, constituting new African diaspora communities not directly connected with the slave trade. The African Union defined the African diaspora as "[consisting] of people of African origin living outside

3230-493: The 16th and 19th centuries, with their largest populations in Brazil , the United States , Colombia and Haiti . However, the term can also be used to refer to African descendants who immigrated to other parts of the world. Scholars identify "four circulatory phases" of this migration out of Africa. The phrase African diaspora gradually entered common usage at the turn of the 21st century. The term diaspora originates from

3325-573: The 1930s, Negro History Week countered the growing myth of the South's "lost cause" , which argued that enslaved people had been well-treated, that the Civil War was a war of "northern aggression", and that Black people had been better off under slavery. Woodson wrote, "When you control a man's thinking you do not have to worry about his actions, you do not have to tell him not to stand here or go yonder. He will find his 'proper place' and will stay in it." Negro History Week grew in popularity throughout

3420-440: The African diaspora as a mere dispersion of African people. For them, it is a movement of liberation that opposes the implications of racialization . Their position assumes that Africans and their descendants abroad struggle to reclaim power over their lives through voluntary migration, cultural production and political conceptions and practices. It also implies the presence of cultures of resistance with similar objectives throughout

3515-592: The African-American community nationwide. About 57 percent immigrated between 1990 and 2000. Immigrants born in Africa constitute 1.6 percent of the black population. People of the African immigrant diaspora are the most educated population group in the United States—50 percent have bachelor's or advanced degrees, compared to 23 percent of native-born Americans. The largest African immigrant communities in

3610-418: The Americas , sometimes as free people of color , but the majority were enslaved . Demand of African labor increased as the indigenous population of the Americas experienced a massive population decline due to the introduction of Eurasian infectious diseases (such as smallpox ) to which they had no natural immunity . The Spanish Crown granted asientos (monopoly contracts) to merchants granting them

3705-575: The Americas as part of the transatlantic slave trade . Beginning in 1791, the Haitian Revolution , a slave rebellion by self-emancipated slaves in the French colony of Saint-Domingue eventually led to the creation of the Republic of Haiti . The new state, led by Jean Jacques Dessalines was the first nation in the Americas to be established from a successful slave revolt and represented

3800-669: The Americas, as well as relocations within the Americas, have brought people of African descent to North America. According to the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture , the first African populations came to North America in the 16th century via Mexico and the Caribbean to the Spanish colonies of Florida , Texas and other parts of the South. Out of the 12 million people from Africa who were shipped to

3895-744: The Andamani to belong to the Y-Chromosome Haplogroup D-M174 , which is in common with Australian Aboriginals and the Ainu people of Japan rather than the actual African diaspora. The Kingdom of Aksum was an ancient empire in what is now northern Ethiopia . There were four invasions and subsequent settlements of Aksumites in Himyar , located across the Red Sea in modern-day Yemen . These invasions and settlements led to one of

Black British Theatre Awards - Misplaced Pages Continue

3990-513: The Black community, the creation of Black History Month was met with enthusiastic response; it prompted the creation of Black history clubs, an increase in interest among teachers, and interest from progressive whites. Since its inception, Black History Month has expanded beyond its initial acceptance in educational establishments. Carter Woodson's organization, now known as the Association for

4085-647: The Byzantine Empire against Persia . The overtures made by the Byzantine Empire to influence Himyar demonstrate that the Aksumite settlers in Himyar, due to their sustained residence and political organization, constituted a "stable community in exile," which historian Carlton Wilson deems a necessary condition to classify a settlement as a diaspora. Justinian had two wishes for this proposed alliance: first, for Aksum to purchase and distribute Indian silk to

4180-454: The Caribbean. Beyond the region, a new Afro-Caribbean diaspora, including such figures as Stokely Carmichael and DJ Kool Herc in the United States, was influential in the creation of the black power and hip hop movements. Influential political theorists such as Walter Rodney , Frantz Fanon and Stuart Hall contributed to anti-colonial theory and movements in Africa, as well as cultural developments in Europe. Several migration waves to

4275-416: The Greek διασπορά ( diaspora , "scattering") which gained popularity in English in reference to the Jewish diaspora before being more broadly applied to other populations. Less commonly, the term has been used in scholarship to refer to more recent emigration from Africa. The African Union (AU) defines the African diaspora as consisting: "of people of native or partial African origin living outside

4370-481: The Netherlands and the Dutch Antilles . They mainly live in the islands of Aruba , Bonaire , Curaçao and Saint Martin , the latter of which is also partly French-controlled. Many Afro-Dutch people reside in the Netherlands . As of 2021, there were at least 232,000 people of recent Native African immigrant background living in Portugal . They mainly live in the regions of Lisbon , Porto , Coimbra . As Portugal doesn't collect information dealing with ethnicity,

4465-421: The Roman Emperor Nero filled a theater with Aithiopian slaves to demonstrate the wealth and power of Rome to a visiting foreign king. At the beginning of the 8th century, Arabs took African slaves from the central and eastern portions of the African continent (where they were known as the Zanj ) and sold them into markets in the Middle East , the Indian subcontinent , and the Far East , for slavery in

4560-488: The Study of African American Life and History (ASALH), designates a theme each year. For example, "Black Health and Wellness" in 2022 focused on medical scholars, health care providers, and health outcomes. The Wall Street Journal describes Black History Month as "a time when the culture and contributions of African Americans take center stage" in a variety of cultural institutions, including theaters, libraries, and museums. Black History Month has garnered attention from

4655-743: The U.S. business community. In 2018, Instagram created its first Black History Month program with the help of its Head of Global Music & Youth Culture Communications, SHAVONE. Instagram's Black History Month program featured a series of first-time initiatives, including a #BlackGirlMagic partnership with Spotify and the launch of the #CelebrateBlackCreatives program, which reached more than 19 million followers. In February 2020, many American corporations commemorated Black History Month, including The Coca-Cola Company , Google , Target Corporation , Macy's , United Parcel Service and Under Armour . On February 18, 2016, 106-year Washington, D.C., resident and school volunteer Virginia McLaurin visited

4750-442: The UK was held in London on October 1, 1987, when Dr. Maulana Karenga from the US was invited to an event by the Greater London Council about Black people's contributions to history. Some institutions have faced criticism for supporting Black History Month with images of people from British Asian backgrounds, using the term "black" to refer to political blackness encompassing all people of color. In Berlin in 1990, members of

4845-437: The Umayyad Caliphate , the Abbasid Caliphate , the Mamluk Sultanate and the Ottoman Empire . Beginning in the early 15th century, Europeans captured or bought African slaves from West Africa and brought them first to Europe and then, after the start of European colonization there in the late 15th century, to the Americas. The Atlantic slave trade ended in the 19th century. The dispersal through slave trading represents

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4940-441: The United States are in New York , followed by California , Texas , and Maryland . Due to the legacy of slavery in the colonial history of the United States , the average African American has a significant European component to his DNA. According to a study conducted in 2011, the African American DNA consists on average of 73.2% West African, 24% European and 0.8% Native American DNA. The European ancestry of African Americans

5035-403: The United States, there was historically a greater European colonial population in relation to African slaves , especially in the Northern Tier . There was considerable racial intermarriage in colonial Virginia , and other forms of racial mixing during the slavery and post- Civil War years. Jim Crow and anti-miscegenation laws passed after the 1863–1877 Reconstruction era in the South in

5130-489: The United States, when historian Carter G. Woodson and the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (ASNLH) announced the second week of February to be "Negro History Week". This week was chosen because it coincided with the birthday of Abraham Lincoln on February 12 and that of Frederick Douglass on February 14, both of which Black communities had celebrated since the late 19th century. For example, in January 1897, school teacher Mary Church Terrell persuaded

5225-540: The Washington, D.C. school board to set aside the afternoon of Douglass's birthday as Douglass Day to teach about his life and work in the city's segregated public schools . The thought process behind the week was never recorded, but scholars acknowledge two reasons for its birth: recognition and importance. In 1915, Woodson had participated in the Lincoln Jubilee , a celebration of the 50 years since emancipation from slavery held in Bronzeville, Chicago . The summer-long Jubilee, which drew thousands of attendees from across

5320-614: The cast of Wicked as Glinda, making history with Alexia Khadime (Elphaba) as for the first time both leading roles were played by actors of color. In 2022 the awards had great recognition, with public votes quadrupling since the previous year. Anyone can submit a nomination for each year's BBTAS, by completing an online form. Nominees must have lived in the UK for at least 3 years to be considered or be British Nationals and "of Black of African or Caribbean descent or of Mixed Ethnicity". Productions must have at least 50% of eligible performers. Each individual can only nominate once. Through

5415-478: The centenary of the birth of Marcus Garvey and the 25th anniversary of the Organization of African Unity , an institution dedicated to advancing the progress of African states. Black History Month in the UK was organised through the leadership of Ghanaian analyst Akyaaba Addai-Sebo , who had served as a coordinator of special projects for the Greater London Council (GLC) and created a collaboration to get it underway. The first Black History Month celebration in

5510-532: The center of forces that created the modern world. Paul Gilroy describes the suppression of blackness due to imagined and created ideals of nations as "cultural insiderism." Cultural insiderism is used by nations to separate deserving and undeserving groups and requires a "sense of ethnic difference" as mentioned in his book The Black Atlantic . Recognizing their contributions offers a comprehensive appreciation of global history. Cultural and political theorist Richard Iton suggested that diaspora be understood as

5605-489: The chance to study in Russia; over 40 years, 400,000 African students came, and some settled there. Afro-Turks are people of Zanj ( Bantu ) descent living in Turkey . Like the Afro-Abkhazians , they trace their origins to the Ottoman slave trade . Beginning several centuries ago, a number of Africans came to the Ottoman Empire , usually via Zanzibar as Zanj and from places such as present-day Niger , Saudi Arabia , Libya , Kenya and Sudan ; they settled by

5700-409: The character Daggoo , an African harpooneer, is recorded in the 1851 novel Moby-Dick . They eventually took their trade to California . Today 1.7 million people in the United States are descended from voluntary immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa, most of whom arrived in the late twentieth century. African immigrants represent 6 percent of all immigrants to the United States and almost 5 percent of

5795-600: The concept of declaring only one month as Black History Month. Freeman noted, "I don't want a Black history month. Black history is American history." In the US, a theme for each Black History Month is selected by the ASALH: (federal) = federal holidays, (abbreviation) = state/territorial holidays, (religious) = religious holidays, (cultural) = holiday related to a specific racial/ethnic group or sexual minority , (week) = week-long holidays, (month) = month-long holidays, (36) = Title 36 Observances and Ceremonies African diaspora The global African diaspora

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5890-466: The continent, irrespective of their citizenship and nationality and who are willing to contribute to the development of the continent and the building of the African Union". Its constitutive act declares that it shall "invite and encourage the full participation of the African diaspora as an important part of our continent, in the building of the African Union". Many Africans dispersed throughout North America , South America , Europe , and Asia during

5985-477: The continent, irrespective of their citizenship and nationality and who are willing to contribute to the development of the continent and the building of the African Union." Its constitutive act declares that it shall "invite and encourage the full participation of the African diaspora as an important part of our continent, in the building of the African Union." Between 1500 and 1900, approximately four million enslaved Africans were transported to island plantations in

6080-410: The country in educational institutions, centers of Black culture, and community centers, both great and small, when President Gerald Ford recognized Black History Month in 1976, during the celebration of the United States Bicentennial . He urged Americans to "seize the opportunity to honor the too-often neglected accomplishments of Black Americans in every area of endeavor throughout our history". In

6175-417: The county to see exhibitions of heritage and culture, impressed Woodson with the need to draw organized focus to the history of black people. He led the founding of the ASNLH in Chicago that fall, toward the end of the Jubilee. Early in the event's history, African-American newspapers lent crucial support. From the event's initial phase, primary emphasis was placed on encouraging the coordinated teaching of

6270-469: The earliest black presence in Canada came from the newly independent United States after the American Revolution; the British resettled African Americans (known as Black Loyalists ) primarily in Nova Scotia . These were primarily former slaves who had escaped to British lines for promised freedom during the Revolution. Later during the antebellum years, other individual African Americans escaped to Canada, mostly to locations in Southwestern Ontario , via

6365-417: The establishment of the African diaspora, the transatlantic slave trade is often considered the defining element, but people of African descent have engaged in eleven other migration movements involving North America since the 16th century, many being voluntary migrations, although undertaken in exploitative and hostile environments. In the 1860s, people from sub-Saharan Africa , mainly from West Africa and

6460-449: The estimate includes only people that, as of 2021, hold the citizenship of an African country or people who have acquired Portuguese citizenship from 2008 to 2021, thus excluding descendants, people of more distant African ancestry or people who have settled in Portugal generations ago and are now Portuguese citizens . As of 2021, there were 1,206,701 Africans. They mainly live in the regions of Andalusia , Catalonia , Madrid and

6555-400: The event as "one of the most fortunate steps ever taken by the Association", and plans for an annual repeat of the event continued. At the time of Negro History Week's launch, Woodson contended that the teaching of Black History was essential to ensure the physical and intellectual survival of Blacks within broader society: If a race has no history, it has no worthwhile tradition, it becomes

6650-412: The first large-scale African diasporas in the ancient world. In 517 AD, the Himyarite king Ma'adikarib was overthrown by Dhu Nuwas , a Jewish leader who began persecuting Christians and confiscating trade goods between Aksum and the Byzantine Empire , both of which were Christian nations. According to the Book of the Himyarites , a man identified as Bishop Thomas journeyed to Aksum to report on

6745-406: The following decades, with mayors across the United States endorsing it as a holiday. Black educators and Black United Students at Kent State University first proposed Black History Month in February 1969. The first celebration of Black History Month took place at Kent State a year later, from January 2 to February 28, 1970. Six years later, Black History Month was being celebrated all across

6840-501: The global diaspora. Thinkers like W. E. B. Dubois and more recently Robin Kelley , for example, have argued that black politics of survival reveal more about the meaning of the African diaspora than labels of ethnicity and race, and degrees of skin hue. From this view, the daily struggle against what they call the "world-historical processes" of racial colonization, capitalism , and Western domination defines blacks' links to Africa. In

6935-571: The gold mines of the Department of Antioquia. After this was no longer a profitable business, these slaves slowly moved to the Pacific coast, where they have remained unmixed with the white or Indian population until today. The whole Department of Chocó remains a black area. Mixture with white population happened mainly in the Caribbean coast, which is a mestizo area until today. There was also

7030-416: The history of Black Americans in the nation's public schools . The first Negro History Week was met with a lukewarm response, gaining the cooperation of the departments of education of the states of North Carolina , Delaware , and West Virginia as well as the city school administrations of Baltimore , New York City , Philadelphia , and Washington, D.C. Despite this limited observance, Woodson regarded

7125-457: The largest forced migrations in human history. The economic effect on the African continent proved devastating, as generations of young people were taken from their communities and societies were disrupted. Some communities formed by descendants of African slaves in the Americas, Europe, and Asia have survived to the present day. In other cases, native Ethnic groups of Africans intermarried with non-native Africans, and their descendants blended into

7220-399: The last decades, studies on the African diaspora have shown an interest in the roles that Africans played in bringing about modernity. This trend also opposes the traditional eurocentric perspective that has dominated history books showing Africans and its diasporans as primitive victims of slavery, and without historical agency. According to historian Patrick Manning , blacks toiled at

7315-463: The late-19th century, plus waves of vastly increased immigration from Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries, maintained much distinction between racial groups. In the early-20th century, to institutionalize racial segregation , most southern states adopted the " one drop rule ", which defined and recorded anyone with any discernible African ancestry as "black", even those of obvious majority native European or of majority-Native-American ancestry. One of

7410-465: The local population. In the Americas, the confluence of multiple ethnic groups from around the world contributed to multi-ethnic societies. In Central and South America , most people are descended from European, Native American , and African ancestry. In 1888, in Brazil nearly half the population descended from African slaves, the variation of physical characteristics extends across a broad range. In

7505-545: The month was dedicated to Josephine Baker , a dancer and member of the French Resistance during World War II born in the United States. In 2020, Black History Month was celebrated in seven African countries for the first time. Participating countries were Benin , Burkina Faso , Chad , Ivory Coast , Comores , Senegal and Cameroon . The event was initiated by the organisation Africa Mondo founded by Mélina Seymour . From 2021 onwards an African History Month

7600-524: The new Aksumite king Kaleb first sent a group of Himyarite refugees in his Aksumite kingdom back into Himyar to stir up underground resistance against Dhu Nuwas. These discontented Himyarites then united under nobleman Sumyafa Ashwa . Kaleb successfully invaded Himyar with an Aksumite army in 525 and installed Sumyafa Ashwa to rule. More Aksumite soldiers remained in Himyar to claim land. The Byzantine ruler Justinian learned of this development and sent an ambassador, Julianus, to ally Aksum and Himyar with

7695-505: The number is larger, though most identify themselves as being of mixed, rather than strictly African, ancestry. In places like Brazil and the Dominican Republic, blackness is performed in more taboo ways than it is in, say, the United States. The idea behind Trey Ellis Cultural Mulatto comes into play as there are blurred lines between what is considered as black. In Colombia , the African slaves were first brought to work in

7790-455: The original inspiration for Black History Month, which was a desire to redress how American schools failed to represent Black historical figures as anything other than enslaved people or colonial subjects, Black History Month could reduce complex historical figures to overly simplified objects of " hero worship ". Other critics refer to the celebration as a form of racism. Actor and director Morgan Freeman and actress Stacey Dash have criticized

7885-513: The past 70 years, there has been a lack of recognition towards Black talent and hope the prize will bring visibility and recognition to artists in all creative fields. After her award as Best Female Actor in a Musical in 2021, Lucy St Louis was the first Black female actress to be cast in the role of Christine Daee in the London production of The Phantom of the Opera . Following this, she joined

7980-560: The persecution of Christians in Himyar to the Aksumite Kingdom. As a result, the Aksumite king Ahayawa invaded Himyar. Dhu Nuwas fled this first invasion, and at least 580 Aksumite soldiers remained in Himyar. Himyarites who opposed Aksumite settlement united under Dhu Nuwas, and the formerly expelled king traveled back to kill the Aksumite soldiers and continue the oppression of Christians, forcing some settlers back into Aksum. In response to Dhu Nuwas's Christian persecution,

8075-446: The prominence of Caribbean immigration, the term "African Canadian", while sometimes used to refer to the minority of Canadian blacks who have direct African or African-American heritage, is not normally used to denote black Canadians. Blacks of Caribbean origin are usually denoted as "West Indian Canadian", "Caribbean Canadian" or more rarely "Afro-Caribbean Canadian", but there remains no widely used alternative to "Black Canadian" which

8170-410: The results of this implementation was the loss of records of Native-identified groups, who were classified only as black because of being mixed-race. From the very onset of Spanish exploration and colonial activities in the Americas, Africans participated both as voluntary expeditionary and as slave laborers. Juan Garrido was such an African conquistador . He crossed the Atlantic as a freedman in

8265-591: The right to supply enslaved Africans in to Spanish colonies in the Americas, regulating the trade. As other European nations began establishing colonies in the Americas, these new colonies began importing enslaved Africans as well. During the 17th and 18th centuries, most European colonies in the Caribbean operated on plantation economies fueled by slave labor, and the resulting importation of enslaved Africans meant that Afro-Caribbeans soon far outnumbered their European enslavers in terms of population. Roughly eleven to twelve million enslaved Africans were transported to

8360-422: The state departments of education of "every state with considerable Negro population" had made the event known to that state's teachers and distributed official literature associated with the event. Churches also played a significant role in the distribution of literature in association with Negro History Week during this initial period, with the mainstream and Black press aiding in the publicity effort. Throughout

8455-529: The world stage. The Jamaican Marcus Garvey formed the UNIA movement in the United States, continuing with Aimé Césaire 's négritude movement, which was intended to create a pan-African movement across national lines. From the 1960s, the decolonization of the Americas led to various Caribbean countries gaining their independence from European colonial rule. They were pre-eminent in creating new cultural forms such as calypso , reggae music , and Rastafari within

8550-536: The years the awards ceremony has been hosted by big names of the theatre industry, such as Cynthia Erivo , Danny Sapani , Clint Dyer, Giles Terera and Layton Williams . The 2019 Black British Theatre Awards were held at The Old Finsbury Town Hall in Islington and hosted by Ore Oduba . Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020 Black British Theatre Awards were broadcast on Sky Arts on 25 October and took place at

8645-465: Was celebrated in March. When first established, Black History Month resulted in some controversy. Those who believed that Black History Month was limited to educational institutions questioned whether it was appropriate to confine the celebration of Black history to one month, as opposed to the integration of Black history into mainstream education for the whole year. Another concern was that, contrary to

8740-470: Was found that 29 collected official statistics on country of birth, 37 on citizenship, 24 on religion, 26 on language, 6 on country of birth of parents, and 22 on nationality or ethnicity. Estimates of 3 to 5 million of African descent, although one quarter of the Afro-French population live in overseas territories. This number is difficult to estimate because the French census does not use race as

8835-705: Was held at the National Theatre and presented by Danny Sapani again. The 2023 Black British Theatre Awards were held on 29 October 2023 at the National Theatre , Lyttelton . Thanks to the sponsorship of Disney Theatrical Group , the Lyceum Theatre was announced as the venue for the 2024 Black British Theatre Awards ceremony. The awards will be held on 4 November. The Awards have various categories, recognising excellence in Drama, Musicals, behind-the-scenes creatives, producers. A recognition award

8930-660: Was initiated in Cork in 2010. This location seems particularly appropriate as, in the 19th century, the city was a leading center of abolition , and the male and female anti-slavery societies welcomed several black abolitionists to lecture there, including Charles Lenox Remond and Frederick Douglass ." In France, Black History Month was first organized in 2018 in Bordeaux . Since then, there have been celebrations in Paris , Le Havre , Guadeloupe , La Rochelle and Bayonne . In 2022

9025-606: Was the African princeling Abram Petrovich Gannibal , who became Peter's protégé, was educated as a military engineer in France, and eventually became general-en-chef, responsible for the building of sea forts and canals in Russia. During the 1930s fifteen Black American families moved to the Soviet Union as agricultural experts. As African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered their citizens

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