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21-664: The southern Heishui Mohe were subjects of King Seon (King Xuan) of Balhae (Bohai). Balhae was conquered by the Khitan -led Liao dynasty in AD ;926. The Heishui Mohe are sometimes linked with the Jurchen who established China's Jin dynasty in the 10th century and who later formed the core of the Manchus who established the Qing dynasty in the 17th century. The Jurchen inhabited

42-533: A posthumous name that included either the title Wang ("King"), Hwangje ("Emperor"), Daewang ("King X the Great"), or Daeje ("Emperor X the Great"). For the sake of consistency, the title "King/Emperor" has been added to each monarch's temple name in the list below. * see Korean Empire section In 1897, King Gojong proclaimed Joseon to be the Korean Empire , which lasted until 1910. Technically,

63-421: A king, or "Wang." The next twenty-three kings (until Wonjong ) are also referred to by their temple names, ending in jong . Beginning with Chungnyeol (the twenty-fifth king), all the remaining kings of Goryeo had the title Wang ("King") as part of their temple names. Era names are in bracket where available. Joseon (1392–1910) followed Goryeo. In 1897, when Joseon became the Korean Empire , some of

84-443: Is found in northern Korea and Liaoning . By the 9th to 4th century BC, various historical and archaeological evidence shows Gojoseon was a flourishing state and a self-declared kingdom. Both Dangun and Gija are believed to be mythological figures, but recent findings suggest and theorize that since Gojoseon was a kingdom with artifacts dating back to the 4th millennium BC, Dangun and Gija may have been royal or imperial titles used for

105-637: The Korean peninsula . Later Baekje (900–936) was founded by Kyŏn Hwŏn , who was a general during Later Silla's period of decline. Thus began the Later Three Kingdoms period. Later Baekje met its downfall at the hands of Kyŏn Hwŏn himself, who later led the Goryeo armies alongside Taejo of Goryeo to capture Kyŏn Sin-gŏm , who had betrayed his father, Kyŏn Hwŏn, and usurped the throne. Taebong (901–918), also known as Majin or Later Goguryeo,

126-675: The Tungusic Heishui Mohe people. According to the archaeological evidence, during the late 7th century through 10th century AD, some Naifeld-Culture Heishui Mohe migrated west of the range (to the section of the Amur Valley west of the Bureya River , and possibly also into the Nen River basin), absorbing the indigenous population of the area (which is evidenced e.g. by the presence of the ornaments associated with

147-510: The temple name Taejo, which means "great progenitor", and was applied to the first kings of both Goryeo and Joseon , as they were also the founders of the Wang and Yi Dynasties respectively. Starting with Gwangjong , rulers of Goryeo styled themselves emperors, with the first three rulers elevated to that title posthumously. With the Mongol conquest, however, the title of the ruler was demoted to

168-642: The Amur/Heilongjiang River have made a number of conclusions about the correspondence of the discovered archaeological cultures to the ethnic groups known from ancient records. According to Russian archaeologists, prior to about the second half of the 7th century AD the Lesser Khingan mountain range formed a natural boundary between two groups of archaeological cultures. West of the range, the Talakan Culture (талаканская культура)

189-538: The Joseon kings were posthumously raised to the rank of emperors. Joseon monarchs had temple names ending in jo or jong. Jo was given to the first kings/emperors of new lines within the dynasty, with the first king/emperor having the special name ( Taejo ), which means "great progenitor" (see also Goryeo ). Jong was given to all other kings/emperors. Two kings, Yeonsangun and Gwanghaegun , were not given temple names after their reigns ended. Each monarch had

210-647: The Western Amur Valley at roughly the same time as well. Which Mohe group arrived to the region first remains the subject of a dispute, hinging on radiocarbon and stratigraphic dating of various sites. There is some archaeological evidence for the migration of the Sumo Mohe to the northeast, to the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk as well, namely, apparent influence of the Neifeld Culture found in

231-768: The autochthonous Mikhailovskaya Culture on the ceramics of the Neifeld [Heishui Mohe] people who had migrated into the Mikhailovskaya's former area). Modern researchers surmise that the migration of some of the Mohe people west of the range during the late 7th - early 8th century may have been caused by the pressure from the Balhae further south. Another Mohe group, the Sumo Mohe from the Sungari Valley migrated to

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252-478: The ceramics of the Tokarevo Culture of the latter region. Seon of Balhae Dae Insu , also known as King Seon (r. 818–830) was the 10th king of the kingdom of Balhae . He restored national strength, and is remembered today as the last of the great Balhae rulers before its fall. Dae Insu was a 4th-generation descendant of Dae Joyeong 's younger brother, Dae Ya-bal . In spite being from

273-602: The collateral branch, he succeeded to the throne during the years of 817 and 818. He reestablished royal authority, and strengthened the military tremendously. King Seon concentrated heavily on the empire's territorial expansion, and led campaigns that resulted in the absorption of many northern Malgal tribes including Heishui Mohe . Southwest Little Goguryeo in Liaodong was absorbed into Balhae, and also he ordered southward expansion towards Silla . During his 12-year reign, he dispatched embassies five times to Japan , which

294-583: The forests and river valleys of the land which is now divided between China 's Heilongjiang Province and Russia 's Maritime Province , outside the range of the Blackriver Mohe, and such links remain conjectural. The Mohe enjoyed eating pork, practiced pig farming extensively, and were mainly sedentary , and also used both pig and wolf skins for coats. They were predominantly farmers and grew soybean, wheat, millet, and rice, in addition to engaging in hunting. Modern archaeologists on both sides of

315-463: The monarchs of Gojoseon, hence the use of Dangun for 1900 years. Buyeo (c. 2nd century BC – 494 AD) ruled in modern-day Northeast China . Although records are sparse and contradictory, it is speculated that in the 1st century BC, Eastern Buyeo branched out, after which the original Buyeo is sometimes referred to as Northern Buyeo. Its remnants were absorbed by the neighboring and brotherhood kingdom of Goguryeo in 494. Goguryeo (37 BC – 668 AD)

336-561: The throne. Rulers of Korea#Balhae This is a list of monarchs of Korea , arranged by dynasty. Names are romanized according to the South Korean Revised Romanization of Korean . McCune–Reischauer romanizations may be found at the articles about the individual monarchs. Gojoseon (2333 BC – 108 BC) was the first Korean kingdom. According to legend, it was founded by Dangun in 2333 BC. Bronze Age archaeological evidence of Gojoseon culture

357-523: The title Wang ("King"). Geumgwan Gaya (42–532) was one of the Gaya confederacy . Daegaya (42–562) was one of the Gaya confederacy . Tamna (2337 BC(?)–938 AD) was an ancient local kingdom on the Jeju Island . Balhae (698–926) was an ancient Korean kingdom established after the fall of Goguryeo . Balhae occupied southern parts of Northeast China , Primorsky Krai , and the northern part of

378-442: Was aimed at establishing diplomatic relations as well as increasing trade between the two kingdoms. Balhae emissaries were treated favorably even though Japan wanted Balhae to restrict the size of the embassies due to the costs associated with hosting them. The trade routes established across the Sea of Japan led to Balhae becoming one of Japan's most important trading partners. He died in 830 and his grandson Dae Ijin succeeded to

399-499: Was established by Gung-ye , an outcast prince of Silla. Gung-Ye joined General Yang Gil 's rebellion, and rose through the ranks. He eventually assassinated Yang-Gil and established a new kingdom, naming it Later Goguryeo. Gung-Ye turned out to be a tyrant, and was overthrown by his generals, opening the way for General Wang Geon , who established Goryeo . Goryeo (918–1392) was ruled by the Wang Dynasty . The first ruler had

420-751: Was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea . Goguryeo rulers may have used the title of Taewang (太王, "Greatest King"). Baekje (18 BC – 660 AD) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea . Temple names were the same as personal names, unless noted otherwise. Silla (57 BC – 935 AD) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea . In the early years, Silla was ruled by the Pak , Seok , and Kim families. Rulers of Silla had various titles, including Isageum, Maripgan, and Daewang . Like some Baekje kings, some declared themselves emperor. The Gaya confederacy (42–562) consisted of several small statelets. All rulers of Gaya bore

441-775: Was succeeded by the Mikhailovskaya Culture (михайловская культура), which has been identified with the Mongolic-speaking Shiwei people. East of the range, the Poltsevo culture  [ ru ] and the Naifeld group  [ ru ] , also known as the Tongzhen culture based on the findings on the Chinese side of the river) of the Mohe culture was found; the latter was identified with

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