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26-574: In early 1942, Liguori Lacombe formed the anti-conscriptionist Parti canadien which finished strongly in two February by-elections. In the April 27, 1942 national plebiscite on conscription held in Canada, a little more than 70% of Quebec voters refused to free the federal government from its promise to avoid a general mobilization, while about 80 per cent of the citizens of the rest of Canada accepted it. (see also Second Conscription Crisis ) The party

52-402: A Globe and Mail editorial the following day as "two French-Canadians who gained eternal distinction by an attitude unworthy of their people and country." He stood as an " Independent Liberal " in the 1940 federal election and was re-elected, defeating the official Liberal nominee by almost 2,000 votes. Later that year, Lacombe and Lacroix attempted to lead a revolt of Quebec MPs against

78-642: A federal by-election in 1943. The Bloc populaire's entry into provincial politics antagonized Quebec Premier Maurice Duplessis , leader of the Union Nationale , who henceforth transferred his party's federal support to the "Independent Group" of anti-conscription MPs led by Frédéric Dorion in the 1945 federal election . In the 1945 federal election , the Bloc nominated 35 candidates. All of them except two ran in Quebec -based ridings. (Lionel Campeau, ran in

104-399: A platform to campaign for a "no" vote during the April plebiscite on conscription. In June he invited Quebec Liberal MPs who opposed conscription to join his party but had no takers, remaining the party's sole MP. He subsequently was part of an unofficial "Independents Group" of five anti-conscription MPs led by Frédéric Dorion . In the weeks before the 1945 federal election , Lacombe and

130-569: Is a term used to describe an elected politician in the House of Commons of Canada , the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Canada . The term's primary usage is in reference to the elected members of the House of Commons. In legislation, it can also refer to the unelected members of the Senate . In common use, however, the title senator (French: sénateur (masculine), sénatrice (feminine) )

156-788: Is best known for having quit the Liberal Party of Canada because of his isolationist opposition to Canada's entry into World War II and for campaigning against the government during the Conscription Crisis of World War II . Lacombe was born and raised in Sainte-Scholastique, Quebec . He studied law at the University of Montreal and began his practice in 1923 working out of law offices in both Sainte-Scholastique and Montreal . He earned fame for his involvement in several high-profile murder cases. Lacombe

182-423: Is typically used, whereas no such alternate title exists for members of the House of Commons. A less ambiguous term for members of both chambers is parliamentarian . There are 338 elected MPs, who each represent an individual electoral district, known as a riding . MPs are elected using the first-past-the-post system in a general election or byelection , usually held every four years or less. The 105 members of

208-520: The 1867 Canadian federal election . 308 MPs were elected during the 2011 Canadian federal election . 338 MPs were elected during the 2021 Canadian federal election . 343 MPs will be elected during the 45th Canadian federal election . Parliamentarians enjoy parliamentary privilege , as derived from common law . In 2024, the annual salary of each MP was CA$ 203,100. Members may receive additional sums by virtue of other positions or functions they hold, such as that of Prime Minister , Speaker of

234-504: The National Resources Mobilization Act . The bill gave the government emergency powers to mobilize resources, including manpower for the war effort, called up all men between the ages of 19 and 45 for a thirty-day training period, and required everyone over the age of 16 to register with the government in preparation for a possible draft . Lacombe and Lacroix moved an amendment that would have substituted

260-527: The provinces in proportion to population, as determined by each decennial census, subject to the following exceptions made by the Constitution of Canada . Firstly, the "Senate floor" guarantees that each province will have at least as many elected MPs as senators . Secondly, the "grandfather clause" guarantees each province has at least as many seats now as it had allocated in the 1985 Representation Act . The oath for members of Parliament has stood

286-665: The Bloc populaire, there was also an "Independent Group" of five anti-conscription MPs led by Frédéric Dorion which included Liguori Lacombe , Wilfrid Lacroix , Sasseville Roy and Emmanuel D'Anjou (D'Anjou had joined the Bloc in June 1944 but had left to join Dorion's group by the time of the 1945 election). Additionally, Arthur Cardin quit Mackenzie King's cabinet in May 1942 over the conscription issue to sit as an anti-conscription independent MP. The Second World War ended in 1945, and by

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312-1127: The Oath of Allegiance contained in the Fifth Schedule to the Act." The oath set out in said schedule is: I, [name], do swear, that I will be faithful and bear true Allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Victoria , with the further instruction that "the name of the King or Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for the Time being is to be substituted from Time to Time, with Proper Terms of Reference thereto." The oath reads as follows: I, [name], do swear, that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to His Majesty King Charles III. Or in French: Je, [nom], jure que je serai fidèle et porterai une vraie allégeance à Sa Majesté le Roi Charles III. For those parliamentarians whose religion prohibits

338-684: The Senate are appointed by the Crown on the advice of the prime minister . As of May 2024, the number of members was increased to 343. One riding in Ontario, three in Alberta and one seat in British Columbia. These seats will remain vacant until the next federal election. Prior to May 2024, the House of Commons had 338 members, each of whom represents a single riding. Seats are distributed among

364-538: The district of Nipissing in Northern Ontario and Léandre Maisonneuve ran in the Eastern Ontario riding of Prescott . Only two candidates were elected as Members of Parliament: Maxime Raymond and René Hamel . Though former Montreal mayor Camillien Houde was officially listed as an independent candidate, he was reported to be the Bloc populaire's co-leader in the 1945 election. In addition to

390-572: The imposition of conscription and to oppose Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King 's plan to hold a plebiscite on conscription . The party stood candidates against Liberal Louis St. Laurent in Quebec East and Gaspard Fauteux in Montreal St. Mary and did well enough to inspire other anti-conscriptionists to form the Bloc populaire canadien later that year. Lacombe used the party as

416-399: The late 1940s the party's concerns had largely become a non-issue. Many insiders abandoned the party. The Bloc populaire canadien contested neither the 1948 provincial election nor the 1949 federal election , and soon ceased to exist. The party published a modest and short-lived weekly newspaper, Le Bloc , in 1944 and 1945, with a circulation of about 15,000 copies. The newspaper was under

442-462: The measures of the act with a statement that Canadian participation in the war must be free, voluntary and moderate. The government responded during the debate by insisting that the measures are for home defence only and that there would be no conscription for overseas service. In 1942, Liguiori formed the Parti Canadien to run candidates in two federal by-elections on a platform opposing

468-637: The other members of the Independents Group led by Dorion joined with former Liberal cabinet minister Pierre Joseph Arthur Cardin , who had quit the Mackenzie King cabinet in 1942 over the issue of conscription, to form the "National Front" which was to be a united nationalist party. However, Cardin dropped the National Front project a month before the election when several nationalist candidates and groups failed to join and Lacombe

494-399: The party dissolved and did not participate in the 1948 general election . At the federal level it was led by Maxime Raymond , who had been Member of Parliament (MP) from the province of Quebec since the 1925 federal election . He and two of his Liberal colleagues ( Édouard Lacroix and Pierre Gauthier ) crossed the floor to sit as Bloc populaire canadien MPs. The Bloc populaire won

520-442: The responsibility of Victor Trépanier in early 1944 and of Léopold Richer in 1944–1945. The party also published a series of ten brochures reproducing the texts of radio speeches by its leaders. Liguori Lacombe Joseph-Roméo-Liguori Lacombe (June 17, 1895 – April 13, 1957), generally known as Liguori Lacombe , was a Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 1930 and again from 1935 to 1948. He

546-703: The same since confederation ; according to Section IX.128 of the Constitution Act, 1867 : "Every member of the Senate and the House of Commons of Canada shall before taking his Seat therein take and subscribe before the Governor General or some Person authorized by him, and every Member of a Legislative Council or Legislative Assembly of any Province shall before the Lieutenant Governor of the Province or some Person authorized by him,

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572-399: The swearing of oaths, there exists a compromise affirmation, first instituted in 1905: I, [name], do solemnly, sincerely and truly affirm and declare the taking of an oath is according to my religious belief unlawful, and I do also solemnly, sincerely and truly affirm and declare that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to His Majesty King Charles III. 181 MPs were elected during

598-602: Was appointed to the Senate of Canada . On September 10, 1939, Lacombe broke with the Liberal Party to vote against Canada's entry into World War II . He and fellow maverick Liberal Edouard Lacroix introduced an amendment calling for "non-participation" in the war, reflecting some reluctance in French Canada to join Britain in war. The two MPs, who proved to be the amendment's only supporters, were condemned in

624-578: Was first elected to parliament as the Liberal MP for Laval—Two Mountains , Quebec in the 1925 federal election . He was re-elected in 1926 but defeated by former Quebec Conservative Party leader Arthur Sauvé in the 1930 federal election . Lacombe returned to parliament as a Liberal in the 1935 federal election defeating federal Minister of Marine and Fisheries Lucien Henri Gendron who had opted to run in Laval—Two Mountains after Sauvé

650-539: Was inspired by the nationalist ideas of Henri Bourassa and supported by Montreal mayor Camillien Houde . Jean Drapeau and Pierre Elliot Trudeau were members in their youth. In addition to opposing conscription, the party aimed to defend provincial autonomy and the rights of French-Canadians. At the provincial level, it was led by André Laurendeau and won four seats in the 1944 Quebec general election , but soon lost popularity. Laurendeau resigned in July 1947, and

676-467: Was re-elected an Independent MP, defeating his Liberal opponent by 300 votes. He resigned from the House of Commons in 1948 in order to accept an appointment as district magistrate by the provincial government of Maurice Duplessis . Lacombe also served as mayor of Sainte-Scholastique, Quebec from 1935 to 1948. Member of Parliament (Canada) A member of Parliament ( post-nominal letters : MP ; French : député , [depyte] )

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