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32-565: Bryn Mawr Classical Review began in 1990 as a LISTSERV created by John Price-Wilkin of the University of Michigan , who also provided the original gopher site and ongoing technical support for the Review. From 1994 through 1999, BMCR received support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation through a project that studied the growth and functionality of e-journals. The current web presentation of

64-443: A moderator before being sent to the rest of the subscribers (moderated lists), although higher-traffic lists typically only moderate messages from new subscribers. Companies sending out promotional newsletters have the option of working with whitelist mail distributors, which agree to standards and high fines from ISPs should any of the opt-in subscribers complain. In exchange for their compliance and agreement to prohibitive fines,

96-536: A list, people would write to a list administrator and ask to be added or removed, a process that became more time-consuming as discussion lists grew in popularity. By 1987, the users of the Bitnic Listserv had migrated to Thomas' version. Listserv was freeware from 1986 through 1993 and is now a commercial product developed by L-Soft, a company founded by Thomas in 1994. A free version limited to ten lists of up to 500 subscribers each can be downloaded from

128-469: A member of the list sends a note to the group's special address, the e-mail is broadcast to all of the members of the list. The key advantage of a mailing list over things such as web-based discussion is that as the new message becomes available they are immediately delivered to the participants' mailboxes. A mailing list sometimes can also include information such as phone number, postal address, fax number, and more. An electronic mailing list or email list

160-401: A particular day by the list server are combined into one email that is sent once per day to subscribers. Some mailing lists allow individual subscribers to decide how they prefer to receive messages from the list server (individual or digest ). Mailing lists have first been scholarly mailing lists. The genealogy of mailing lists as a communication tool between scientists can be traced back to

192-723: Is a collection of names and addresses used by an individual or an organization to send material to multiple recipients. The term is often extended to include the people subscribed to such a list, so the group of subscribers is referred to as "the mailing list", or simply "the list". At least two types of mailing lists can be defined: Historically mailing lists preceded email/web forums; both can provide analogous functionalities. When used in that fashion, mailing lists are sometimes known as discussion lists or discussion forums . Discussion lists provide some advantages over typical web forums, so they are still used in various projects, notably Git and Debian . The advantages over web forums include

224-399: Is a special use of email that allows for widespread distribution of information to many Internet users. It is similar to a traditional mailing list – a list of names and addresses – as might be kept by an organization for sending publications to its members or customers, but typically refers to four things: Electronic mailing lists usually are fully or partially automated through

256-588: Is also an option for those who would like to subscribe electronically to both journals, but do not want to receive duplicate reviews, as some materials are reviewed in both places. The current senior editors of the journal are Clifford Ando of the University of Chicago and Camilla MacKay of Bryn Mawr College. This article about a journal on Classical studies is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . See tips for writing articles about academic journals . Further suggestions might be found on

288-406: Is at stake in the communities gathered around lists. Anthropologists, sociologists and historians have used mailing lists as fieldwork. Topics include TV series fandom, online culture, or scientific practices among many other academic studies. From the historian's point of view, the issue of the preservation of mailing lists heritage (and Internet fora heritage in general) is essential. Not only

320-632: Is notably used for archiving the Linux kernel mailing list along with many other software development mailing lists and has a web-service API used by search-and-retrieval tools intended for use by the Linux kernel development community ). Listwashing is the process through which individual entries in mailing lists are to be removed. These mailing lists typically contain email addresses or phone numbers of those that have not voluntarily subscribed. Only complainers are removed via this process. Because most of those that have not voluntarily subscribed stay on

352-562: Is often available to allow people to subscribe, unsubscribe, and change their preferences. However, mailing list servers existed long before the World Wide Web , so most also accept commands over email to a special email address. This allows subscribers (or those who want to be subscribers) to perform such tasks as subscribing and unsubscribing, temporarily halting the sending of messages to them, or changing available preferences – all via email. The common format for sending these commands

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384-416: Is to send an email that contains simply the command followed by the name of the electronic mailing list the command pertains to. Examples: subscribe anylist or subscribe anylist John Doe . Electronic mailing list servers may be set to forward messages to subscribers of a particular mailing list either individually as they are received by the list server, or in digest form in which all messages received on

416-473: The BITNET network. It provided functionality similar to a UNIX Sendmail alias and, as with Sendmail, subscriptions were managed manually. In 1986, Éric Thomas developed an independent application, originally named "Revised Listserv" (also known as "Revised LISTSERV"), which was the first automated mailing list management application. Prior to Revised Listserv, email lists were managed manually. To join or leave

448-511: The ability to work offline, the ability to sign/encrypt posts via GPG , and the ability to use an e-mail client's features, such as filters. Mailers want to know when items are delivered, partly to know how to staff call centers. Salting (or seeding) their lists enables them to compare delivery times, especially when time-of-year affects arrival delays. It may also provide information about poor handling of samples. Having seeded entries in an eMail list simplifies tracking who may have "borrowed"

480-410: The addresses of the subscribers to the list. The original Listserv software, the Bitnic Listserv (also known as BITNIC LISTSERV) (1984–1986), allowed mailing lists to be implemented on IBM VM mainframes and was developed by Ira Fuchs , Daniel Oberst, and Ricky Hernandez in 1984. This mailing list service was known as Listserv@Bitnic (also known as LISTSERV@BITNIC) and quickly became a key service on

512-407: The article's talk page . LISTSERV The term Listserv (styled by the registered trademark licensee, L-Soft International, Inc., as LISTSERV ) has been used to refer to electronic mailing list software applications in general, but is more properly applied to a few early instances of such software, which allows a sender to send one email to a list, which then transparently sends it on to

544-401: The company's web site. Several other list-management tools were subsequently developed, such as Lyris ListManager in 1997 (now Aurea Email Marketing), Sympa in 1997, GNU Mailman in 1998, and Gaggle in 2015. In 1986, Éric Thomas developed the concept of an automated mailing list manager. Whilst a student at École Centrale Paris , he developed the software now known as LISTSERV. Some of

576-455: The early software features allowed joining or leaving a list without the need for human administration. The list owner could also add or remove subscribers, and edit templates for both welcome and system messages. Amongst other innovations LISTSERV introduced double opt-in in 1993 and the first spam filter in 1995. After the release of Thomas' LISTSERV in 1986, LISTSERV@BITNIC was enhanced to provide automatic list management, but this enhancement

608-576: The emails sent by whitelisted companies are not blocked by spam filters , which often can reroute these legitimate, non-spam emails. Some mailing lists are open to anyone who wants to join them, while others require an approval from the list owner before one may join. Joining a mailing list is called "subscribing" and leaving a list is called "unsubscribing". A mailing list archive is a collection of past messages from one or more electronic mailing lists. Such archives often include searching and indexing functionality. Many archives are directly associated with

640-544: The header of a first post defines the topic of a series of answers thus constituting a thread) is a typical and ubiquitous structure of discourse within lists and fora of the Internet. It is pivotal to the structure and topicality of debates within mailing lists as an arena, or public sphere in Habermas wording. The flame wars (as the liveliest episodes) give valuable and unique information to historians to comprehend what

672-507: The journal was created by members of the University of Pennsylvania Center for the Computer Analysis of Text, Jay Treat, Ken McFarlane, Warren Petrovsky, and Ira Winston, and by Vince Patone and Andrew Lacey of Bryn Mawr College . In 1993, Bryn Mawr Classical Review founded a sister publication, Bryn Mawr Medieval Review (now The Medieval Review ). Both journals are offered for subscription both print and online, and there

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704-413: The list without permission. When similar or identical material is sent out to all subscribers on a mailing list, it is often referred to as a mailshot or a blast. A list for such use can also be referred to as a distribution list . On legitimate (non- spam ) mailing lists, individuals can subscribe or unsubscribe themselves. Mailing lists are often rented or sold. If rented, the renter agrees to use

736-627: The mailing list only at contractually agreed-upon times. The mailing list owner typically enforces this by " salting " (known as "seeding" in direct mail) the mailing list with fake addresses and creating new salts for each time the list is rented. Unscrupulous renters may attempt to bypass salts by renting several lists and merging them to find common, valid addresses. Mailing list brokers exist to help organizations rent their lists. For some list owners, such as specialized niche publications or charitable groups, their lists may be some of their most valuable assets, and mailing list brokers help them maximize

768-437: The mailing list, but some organizations, such as Gmane , collect archives from multiple mailing lists hosted at different organizations; thus, one message sent to one popular mailing list may end up in many different archives. Gmane had over 9,000 mailing list archives as of 16 January 2007. Some popular free software programs for collecting mailing list archives are Hypermail , MHonArc , FUDforum , and public-inbox (which

800-615: The site, to read the credentials. With the 2007 release of version 15.5, passwords are now stored hashed to defend against this attack. LISTSERV is available in several licensing options: LISTSERV Lite Free Edition for non-commercial hobby use; LISTSERV Lite for smaller workloads; LISTSERV, the standard, full-featured version; LISTSERV HPO (High Performance Option); and LISTSERV Maestro (for customized and targeted email publishing and reporting). A list of currently-supported operating systems can be found at LISTSERV Supported Operating Systems Electronic mailing lists A mailing list

832-445: The software product that manages the list. Nevertheless, the generic use of the term has been common at times. Individual user passwords were stored in plaintext until version 15.0. This made them available to users who are listed as "Site Managers" or "Postmasters" in the application configuration. Storing passwords in plaintext has the potential to allow anyone with access to the site, including attackers who might have compromised

864-459: The text of the corpus of messages has yet to be perennially archived, but also their related metadata , timestamps , headers that define topics, etc. Mailing lists archives are a unique opportunity for historians to explore interactions, debates, even tensions that reveal a lot about communities. On both discussion lists and newsletter lists precautions are taken to avoid spamming . Discussion lists often require every message to be approved by

896-536: The times of the fledgling Arpanet . The aim of the computer scientists involved in this project was to develop protocols for the communication between computers. In so doing, they have also built the first tools of human computer-mediated communication . Broadly speaking, the scholarly mailing lists can even be seen as the modern version of the salons of the Enlightenment ages, designed by scholars for scholars. The " threaded conversation " structure (where

928-429: The use of special mailing list software and a reflector address set up on a server capable of receiving email. Incoming messages sent to the reflector address are processed by the software, and, depending on their content, are acted upon internally (in the case of messages containing commands directed at the software itself) or are distributed to all email addresses subscribed to the mailing list. A web-based interface

960-419: The value of their lists. Transmission may be paper-based or electronic. Each has its strengths, although a 2022 article claimed that compared to email, " direct mail still brings in the lion's share of revenue for most organizations." A mailing list is simply a list of e-mail addresses of people who are interested in the same subject, are members of the same work group, or who are taking classes together. When

992-473: Was abandoned a few months later when Bitnic installed Thomas' LISTSERV. Other than their name, Bitnic's and Thomas' products are unrelated and neither product is based on the other product's code. Though electronic mailing lists (also known as "email lists") are not as popular as they once were, they survive due to their ease of use. LISTSERV was registered as a trademark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in 1995, based on its use since 1986. It

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1024-484: Was registered with the Swedish Patent and Registration Office, PRV , in 2001. As such, in those jurisdictions, using the word "listserv" to describe a different product or as a generic term for any email-based mailing list of that kind is a trademark misuse. The standard generic terms are electronic mailing list , e-list , or email list for the list itself, and email list manager or email list software for

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