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33-524: According to the 2021 Romanian census there were 154,686 people living within the city of Brăila, making it the 11th most populous city in Romania and the 9th largest of all cities on the Danube river . The current mayor of Brăila is Viorel Marian Dragomir. Before 14th century, a small village existed in the place of today's Brăila, probably inhabited by fishermen and small merchants. The village fell to

66-625: A kaza and forming part of the Silistra Eyalet . The town was part of the Empire's northern defensive network and the Ottomans built a stone stronghold in the town. The Ottoman Empire ruled it from 1538–1540 until 1829; the Ottomans called it Ibrail or Ibraila . It was briefly ruled by Michael the Brave , prince of Wallachia (1595–1596) before it was recaptured by the Ottomans. In 1711,

99-476: A 1445 account of Walerand de Wavrin . A 1520 Ottoman account tells about the arrival of 70-80 ships in Brăila, bringing goods from Asia Minor and Crimea . The town was also an important center of the fish trade: Polish merchants came to purchase it (1408) and this lucrative trade was taxed by the rulers following Vladislav I. The town did have autonomy, being ruled by pârgari and a județ . We know little about

132-422: A name which was later used in 15th century traveller's journals. In Greek documents of roughly that time, the city is referred to as Proilabum or Proilava , a Greek language adaptation of its Slavic name, Brailov . In German language sources, it is mentioned as Uebereyl . The origin and meaning of the name is unknown, but it is thought to be an anthroponym . The first certain document mentioning Brăila

165-635: A shortcut to his citadel. It took over two years and various political changes in Transylvania and Moldavia before Petru was able to gain the sultan's forgiveness and regain the Moldavian throne in early 1541. Entering the country, he captured voievod Alexandru Cornea and his faithful boyars and killed them. Now, however, he was no longer trusted to wage wars, especially because he no longer retained his special links with Muntenia, his son-in-law Vlad VII Vintilă having been slain. Nor could he take back

198-534: A suitable contender to the throne, thus acknowledging Petru's blood lineage from Ștefan cel Mare. Petru exhibited many of his father's qualities: ambition, daring, bravery, piety, artistic taste. However, he was marked by inconstancy and a lack of political instincts. In the Hungarian battles between Ferdinand Habsburg and John Zápolya , he initially sided with Ferdinand, but when the Ottomans awarded recognition to Zápolya, he switched allegiances. In exchange for

231-622: Is twinned with: 2021 Romanian census The 2021 Romanian census ( Romanian : Recesământul Populației și Locuințelor 2021 (RPL2021) ) was a census held in Romania between 1 February and 31 July 2022, with the reference day for the census data set at 1 December 2021. The census was supposed to be done in 2021, but it was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania in order to avoid census takers from getting infected when coming into contact with ill or quarantined people. It

264-549: Is a privilege act, given by Vladislav I of Wallachia to German merchants of Brașov, who were exempt of customs duties when they followed the road from Brașov to the Danube via Braylan . Following the fall of Vicina , Brăila developed as the main harbour of Wallachia , gaining the town status around 1400. In 1396, Johann Schiltberger writes that Brăila was the place where ships docked, bringing "goods from heathen lands". Foreign merchants bringing goods were forced to unload their merchandise in Brăila, as it can be understood from

297-450: Is one of the focus of Brăila's revenue bringers. Brăila has the following districts: Centru (Center), Viziru (1, 2, 3), Călărași 4 , Ansamblul Buzăului, Radu Negru, Obor, Hipodrom, Lacu Dulce, Dorobanți, 1 Mai, Comorofca, Calea Galați, Gării, Apollo, Siret, Pisc, Brăilița, Vidin-Progresul , Islaz, and Chercea . Streets radiating from near the port towards Brăila's center are crossed at symmetrical intervals by concentric streets following

330-468: The 2021 census , Brăila had a population of 154,686, a decrease from the figure recorded at the 2011 census . The ethnic makeup was as follows (as of 2011): Brăila is part of the strategically important Focșani Gate . Accessible to small and medium-sized oceangoing ships, Brăila has large grain-handling and warehousing facilities. It is also an important industrial center, with metalworking, textile, food-processing, and other factories. The naval industry

363-453: The Budjak , occupied by Sultan Suleiman , nor even the citadels of Ciceu and Cetatea de Baltă, except as simple fiefdoms (which he did in 1544), for their walls had been razed by George Martinuzzi . In 1541, Rareș caught Transylvanian voievod István Majláth at Făgăraș , on the sultan's orders, and sent him to Constantinople. In 1542 he tried unsuccessfully to take Bistrița. Another failure

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396-710: The Maria Filotti Theatre ; the Palace of Culture and its Art Museum; the History Museum; and the old Water Tower. The latter houses a restaurant and a rotation system (360° in one hour). Still, the city has some landmarks from the 20th century, such as the Palace of Agriculture . Another important site is the Public Garden, a park situated above the bank of the Danube with a view over the river and

429-700: The Moldavian prince Stephen the Great , as the Moldavians destroyed the city during the retaliation campaign against Wallachian prince Radu the Fair . An account of the Moldavian attack is found in Cronica breviter scripta : much blood was shed, and the town burned to the ground, not leaving even the children of mothers to live, and sliced open the breasts of mothers and ripped the children from them The conflict

462-653: The Măcin Mountains . Early in 2006 the municipality received European Union funds to renovate the old center of the city, aiming to transform Brăila into a major tourist attraction of Muntenia. The other important park of the city is the Monument Park, one of the largest urban parks in Romania, covering an area of up to 90 hectares (220 acres). The park is home to the Natural Science permanent exhibition of Brăila Museum, hosting several dioramas that depict

495-527: The Mongols during the 1241 Mongol invasion of Europe and it was under direct control of the rulers of Argeș in mid-14th century. A settlement called Drinago was found in several 14th century Catalan and Castillian portolan charts ( Angelino de Dalorto , 1325/1330 and Angelino Dulcert , 1339), as well as in the Book of Knowledge of All Kingdoms . This may have been an erroneous transcription of Brillago ,

528-456: The RPL2021, published on 31 May 2023, showed a resident population in Romania of 19,053,815 people. Petru Rare%C8%99 Petru Rareș ( pronounced [ˈpetru ˈrareʃ] ), sometimes known as Petryła or Peter IV (Petru IV); c.  1483 – 3 September 1546), was twice voivode of Moldavia : 20 January 1527 to 18 September 1538 and 19 February 1541 to 3 September 1546. He

561-460: The bishopric of Vad. He then shifted his attention to Poland and in 1530 occupied Pokuttya . The Polish general Jan Tarnowski soon reconquered it, but when Petru re-entered Pokuttya, he was defeated by Tarnowski through superior tactics at Obertyn on 22 August 1531. Events forced him to return to Transylvania. Here, the Ottomans had dispatched an Italian adventurer, Lodovico Gritti , to restore order. Transylvanian voievod István Majláth and

594-420: The census; and a third one in which census takers would go to the homes and households of those who did not register their data online. Data for this census was planned not to be collected on paper, but instead with tablets so as to maintain social distancing between citizens. The entire data collection process was also relatively long, spanning about 6 months. People who did not provide data by themselves in

627-526: The citadel of Bistrița , he entered Transylvania on Zápolya's side and crushed Ferdinand at Feldioara on 22 June 1529. Zápolya then gave him Ungurașul but in spite of the efforts made Rareș was unable to occupy Bistrița. Neither could he subdue Brașov , which he besieged again in October for several weeks. Thus he was far from realizing his plan of ruling Transylvania. He had to content himself with Ciceu and Cetatea de Baltă , ruled by his father, and with

660-602: The city was besieged and conquered by a Wallachian - Russian army during the Pruth River Campaign . In 1828, the siege of Brăila took place. In 1829, it was granted to Wallachia by the Akkerman Convention . During the 19th century, the port became one of the three most important ports on the Danube in Wallachia, the other two being Turnu and Giurgiu . The city's greatest period of prosperity

693-512: The city. Brăila also has a railway station . The city has several local newspapers, including Obiectiv-Vocea Brăilei , Monitorul de Brăila , Ziarul de Brăila and Arcașu' . Brăila has a deep rivalry with neighbouring Galați. This conflict has a long history and has reached the point of being studied by academics. In fact, a group of Romanian researchers have already published the book Galați – Brăila. Trecut. Actualitate. Perspective ("Galați – Brăila. Past. Present. Perspectives"). Brăila

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726-538: The country's nobles forced him to close himself in Mediaș . Since Petru had received orders from the sultan to free Gritti, he sent his trusted vassal Huru to do the job. However, instead of helping Gritti, Huru lured him out and delivered him to his enemies, who killed him on the spot (1534). Rareș then killed Gritti's sons, who had entered Moldavia. The Ottomans could not presently retaliate, being occupied in Persia, so Petru

759-504: The dust, and I conquered the land of Moldovia. It is said that, during this flight, Rareș wandered for two weeks in the impassable forests of Transylvania, with difficulty making his way through spiny vegetation and ancient bushes and trees. Overcome by hunger, thirst, shock and despair, he was seen by a group of fishermen. Since he himself had been a fisherman, he was recognized and they sheltered and cared for him. Once he had recovered, his hosts garbed him in fishermen's clothes and showed him

792-671: The early stages of the census were not fined, but those who refused to give or gave false information could be fined between 1,000 and 3,000 Romanian lei . On 1 August 2022, it was officially announced by the National Institute of Statistics (INS) that as many as 18.15 million Romanian citizens were registered at the RPL2021. Subsequently, the head of the INS announced the first data of the RPL2021 on 5 August 2022, stating that Romania had c.  19 million inhabitants. The final results regarding demographic characteristics of

825-486: The ethnic structure of the town, but it is expected it was quite diverse, having inhabitants from many backgrounds. One document from 1500 talks about Mihoci Latinețul , a Ragusan who had lived in Brăila for five years and was a member of the community. In 1462, Mehmed the Conqueror 's fleet of 25 triremes and 150 other ships burnt the city to the ground. The city was also caught in the conflict between Wallachia and

858-471: The flora and fauna of the region. The city also hosts an Armenian Apostolic church from the 19th century, the St. Mary Armenian Church . Brăila features one of the oldest electrical tram lines in Romania, inaugurated at the end of the 19th century and still in use. Brăila's bus system is operated by the town hall in cooperation with Braicar Company, with four primary bus configurations available servicing most of

891-721: The geometric design of the old Ottoman fortifications. The old center of the city has many 19th-century buildings, some of them fully restored. The most important monuments are the Greek Church , erected in 1863–1872 by the Greek community; the Church of the Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel , former jāmi during the Ottoman rule (until 1831) and oldest church in the city; the 19th-century St. Nicholas Church ;

924-496: Was an illegitimate child born (probably at Hârlău ) to Stephen the Great . His mother was Maria Răreșoaia of Hârlău, whose existence is not historically documented but who is said to have been the wife of a wealthy boyar fish-merchant nicknamed Rareș "rare-haired" (i.e., bald). Rareș thus was not Petru's actual name but a nickname of his mother's husband. In his youth he was a fish merchant, but Prince Ștefăniță , grandson of Ștefan cel Mare, on his deathbed, recommended Petru as

957-466: Was at the end of the 19th century and in the early 20th century, when it was an important port for most of the merchandise coming in and going out of Romania. During World War II , Brăila was captured on 28 August 1944 by Soviet troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front in the course of the Jassy–Kishinev Offensive . After the 1989 Revolution , Brăila entered a period of economic decline. At

990-581: Was free to continue his intrigues between Ferdinand and Zápolya. The Poles tried in vain to have him replaced in 1538, appealing to the sultan to punish him. Then the over-zealous Petru, deserted by his own boyars, his capital Iași ablaze, and faced with a Turkish-Tatar-Polish army headed by Suleiman the Magnificent , who was bringing Ștefan Lăcustă to the throne, had to flee to his Transylvanian fortress of Ciceu. {{blockquote|The voivoda Petru raised his head in revolt, but my horse's hoofs ground him into

1023-497: Was his enthusiastic involvement in plans for a crusade by Christian princes against the Ottomans . He lent the head of the proposed crusade , Joachim II of Brandenburg , 200,000 florins, but the initiative was abandoned when Buda was besieged in 1542 and Rareș died, still a Turkish vassal, on 3 September 1546. He is buried in the monastery that he endowed, Probota Monastery . On the ecclesiastical and artistic front, he continued

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1056-544: Was not just political, as the town of Brăila competed against Moldavian town of Chilia . Nevertheless, Brăila recovered, soon becoming the gateway for Levantine goods into Wallachia. The town was burnt again by Bogdan III of Moldavia in 1512. Around 1538–1540, perhaps during the Suleiman the Magnificent 's military expedition against Petru Rareș , the city became a part of the Ottoman Empire , being organized as

1089-466: Was the first census held in Romania in which data was collected online , something that had support among Romanian youth. The census was divided into three phases: one in which personal data of the Romanian population was collected from various sites; another in which the population was to complete more precise data such as religion, in which town halls would help the natives of rural areas to answer

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