Audience measurement calculates how many people are in an audience , usually in relation to radio listenership and television viewership , but also in relation to newspaper and magazine readership and, increasingly, web traffic . The term is sometimes used with regard to practices that help broadcasters and advertisers determine who is listening, rather than how many people are listening. In some parts of the world, the resulting numbers are referred to as audience share ; in other places, the broader term market share is used. This broader meaning is also known as audience research . Measurements are broken down by media market , which corresponds to large and small metropolitan areas .
45-430: The Broadcast Audience Research Council (BARC) India is a joint industry body founded by organisations that represent Indian broadcasters (IBDF), advertisers (ISA), and advertising and media agencies (AAAI). It is the world's largest television measurement science industry body. It uses audio watermark technology to measure viewership of TV channels, and it also measures time-shifted viewing and simulcasts. The company
90-427: A campaign is the percentage of viewers multiplied by the average number of ads viewed. Net reach is the total of all audiences exposed to a vehicle, excluding duplicate viewership. Standard audience surveys collect data on audience size and basic demographics. Audience quality is inferred from an audience's demographic profile, but do not measure audience engagement. Audience-research methods were questioned during
135-473: A diverse range of different platforms. Audiences often use several media at the same time; a teenager might be plugged into a radio with earphones while working on the Internet, where they are scanning online newspapers and magazines. Media research companies were poorly equipped for the challenge of simultaneous consumption across several platforms, but is slowly adapting. Data collected by people meters
180-1409: A media device. MediaWiki software can be equipped with the HitCounters extension as a form of audience measurement and determining wikiFactor , a rough measurement of a wiki website's popularity. With the increased popularity of webinars and video conferencing due to the remote work requirements of the COVID-19 pandemic , a set of direct and anonymous audience engagement tools such as Mentimeter and Actymeter became popular. Nielsen//NetRatings measures Internet and digital media audiences with telephone and Internet surveys. Nielsen BuzzMetrics measures consumer-generated media . Other companies collecting information on Internet use include comScore , Wakoopa, and Hitwise , which measure hits on Internet pages. Visible Measures focuses on measuring online video consumption and distribution across all video advertising and content. GfK 's Cross Media Measurement Solutions measures offline sales after TV, Internet, and mobile exposure. Sightcorp, TruMedia, Quividi, relEYEble, stickyPiXEL, Cognitec, goCount and CognoVision provide real-time audience data, including size, attention span and demographics , using video analytics to detect, track and classify viewers of digital displays . Networked Insights measures online audiences, and released
225-408: A multisignal context, with new content in front of technological convergence, the correct representation of viewing behaviors faces methodological challenges. New methodologies (audio or video matching, water marketing) are needed to measure digital television audiences. Measurement with audimeters faces the dual challenges of analog and digital measurement in a mixed television broadcast. Because of
270-505: A radio sample will accurately record their listening at 15-minute intervals has been challenged. Surveying listeners for preferences has been criticised as inflexible. Listeners complain that radio lacks variety and depth, but measurement methods facilitate further refinement of already-minutely-programmed formats rather than an overhaul. In the US, listeners hear old favorites rather than new music. Data obtained by some audience-measurement methods
315-402: A ratings point for the key 18- to 49-year-old demographic is equivalent to one percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds in the country. A Rtg or TVR differs from a share point in being the percentage of all households; a share point is one percent of all households watching television at the time. The share of a broadcast is often significantly higher than the rating, especially when overall TV viewing
360-537: A report ranking television shows by social-media interaction. According to the study, half of the shows on Networked Insights' top-10 list did not appear on the Nielsen Media Research (NMR) list. The demographic of a show's audience is also measured, and is often notated in abbreviated form: A ratings point is a measure of viewership of a television show. One television ratings point (Rtg or TVR) represents one percent of television households in
405-545: A sample size of 11,000 Bar-o-meters, and covered the towns and cities with a population of 1,00,000 or more. Although this was less than what BARC India had assured to launch with, by October 2015, the sample reporting was scaled up to 20,000 Bar-o-meters, covering all 153mn TV owning homes in India. The sample has been since scaled up to 30,000 homes. As of 1 July 2017, BARC India has stopped reporting of analogue TV homes, in line with Government of India's DAS-4 deadline. At launch,
450-427: Is an annual research study that gathers specific details of households and individuals to be used together with Census data in the preparation of universe estimates for TV audience characteristics – geographic, demographic, socio-economic status, etc. The Survey also serves as a randomly selected pool of TV owning households for use in the ongoing selection and recruitment of panel households. Broadcast India 2016 Survey
495-459: Is available the morning after programs have aired, but data collected in diaries requires more time to analyse. Radio surveys, still used for radio ratings in a number of countries, are normally available quarterly. The time lag in reporting fails to give advertisers sufficient lead time to take corrective action during a campaign. Other questions have been raised about diary-based data-collection methods. The expectation that diarists participating in
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#1732801070006540-411: Is based on the development of audience-metering technology to deal with the challenges in measuring the viewing behavior of consumer households across several platforms (TV, Internet, mobile devices). A/P meters would be replaced by GTAM meters, which were expected to use a combination of active and passive measurement technologies. Unlike A/P meters, however, they would not require a physical connection to
585-504: Is collected down to the level of listener opinion of individual songs cross-referenced against age, race, and economic status in listening sessions sponsored by oldies- and mix-formatted stations. IBOPE was the first real-time service for audience measurement in the world, beginning in São Paulo in 1942. The audience measurement of U.S. television has relied on sampling to obtain estimated audience sizes in which advertisers determine
630-459: Is detailed for individual songs and how they are reacted to by each age, racial, and economic group the station seeks to attract. This approach leads to recognizable songs (such as those by the Beatles ) which score well with a cross-section of listeners. In most countries, the advertising industry endorses a media-research company as its provider of audience measurement. The methodology used by
675-456: Is low. A low share may lead to the cancellation of a TV program. Gross rating points (GRPs) or target rating points (TRPs) are chiefly used to measure the performance of TV-based advertising campaigns, and are the sum of the TVRs of each commercial spot of the campaign. An ad campaign might require a certain number of GRPs in a particular demographic for the duration of the campaign. The GRP of
720-535: Is used and the cost of data collection. All methods involve sampling : taking a representative sample of the population, recording media use, and extrapolating it to the general population. News Broadcasters Association The News Broadcasters and Digital Association (NBDA) formerly known as the News Broadcasters Association (NBA) is a private association of different current affairs and news television broadcasters in India. It
765-655: The 1990s with the arrival of new media , particularly digital media, and changes in public media habits. People meters , which recorded household viewing by noting the station to which a TV was tuned, failed to capture new viewing habits such as recording programs for playback at a later time or watching a podcast or download on a device such as a tablet or computer. Video on Demand (VoD) enables consumers to decide when to watch programs, and smartphones enable consumers to choose where to access content. Media research companies have been forced to devise new methodologies capable of tracking new and unprecedented viewing habits across
810-453: The Internet, many businesses can sell outside their local markets. This helps them offer niche items that would face challenges in finding customers in their specific market area . In the Journal of Advertising Research , Chris Anderson writes: "For some internet-based businesses, locality no longer regulates the market." Offered wider choices, consumers award fewer of their "votes" to
855-454: The LPM more accurately reported the full range of programming watched, including channel-surfing. Arbitron 's Portable People Meter uses a microphone to pick up and record subaudible tones embedded in broadcasts by an encoder on each station or network , and has been used to track in-store radio . The introduction of digital terrestrial television (DTT) complicates audience measurement. In
900-513: The association is governed by qualifying certain guidelines. Besides this, an annual subscription fee has also to be paid by the applicant/member. The association as of date has 27 members representing 70 channels. The News Broadcasting and Digital Standards Authority ( NBDSA ) is an independent body, set up by the News Broadcasters and Digital Association. The NBDSA was created to consider and adjudicate complaints about broadcasts. It
945-481: The audience. According to Lotz, the Nielsen sample included approximately 1,700 audimeter homes and a rotating panel of approximately 850 diary respondents. Nielsen was the controlling factor of audience measurement for national network television. Networks blamed Nielsen for inaccurate rating measurements in the mid-2000s, and the company implemented its automated Local People Meter (LPM) technology. The LPM marked
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#1732801070006990-404: The big hits and more to specialized niche choices. According to Anderson, people always wanted more choices but their desires were obscured by distribution bottlenecks imposed by cost or locality. New digital technology initially complicated in-home measurement systems. The DVR seemed incompatible with a Nielsen box, which was designed to measure the frequency of a television signal to ascertain
1035-646: The chairman of BARC India. Shashi succeeds Punit Goenka who completed his tenure as chairman. In August 2021, Nakul Chopra, the former chairman of the joint-industry body, returned as the CEO. He took over from Sunil Lulla who had joined the organisation in 2019 following the exit of the founding CEO Partho Dasgupta. BARC (Broadcast Audience Research Council) India is an industry body set up to design, commission, supervise and own an accurate, reliable and timely television audience measurement system for India. It currently measures TV Viewing habits of 210 million TV households in
1080-857: The channel being viewed. Since a DVR always produces the same frequency, an active-passive (A/P) meter could be developed to read audio tracks of a particular program instead of the frequency of the television signal. Other challenges to the industry were digital cable , the Internet , and viewing devices other than televisions. As new ways of measurement became available and users could be monitored for content and use, concern arose that sampling techniques might become obsolete. The increasing fragmentation of viewing with different technologies posed difficulties in reporting viewer numbers for content. Nielsen began rolling out its "anytime anywhere media measurement" initiative in 2010, which includes DVR views in its television figures. GTAM (Global Television Audience Metering)
1125-607: The channels, Republic TV would appear twice, giving it double impressions as compared to other channels. Some cable network had set Republic TV as the default channel (i.e. landing channel) displayed whenever the TV was turned on, thereby increasing the impressions. These practices were seen as a deliberate attempt to illegally garner higher BARC India ratings and increase viewership. The complainants, NBA also sought from BARC India that it withhold publishing viewership data for Republic until its unfair practices stopped. BARC India did not act on
1170-471: The complaint, Republic Bharat had declared its genre as English news, but it was appearing in additional genres after registering itself in those genres. For example, in Delhi, the channel was appearing in both English and Hindi news category. Each "impression" that is reported in the TV viewership data, is an individual instance of viewing of the channel, even if it is a fleeting view. When a viewer cycled through
1215-737: The country, using 50,000+ sample panel homes. This will go up to 55,000 in 2023, as mandated by the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. Guided by the recommendations of the TRAI ( Telecom Regulatory Authority of India ) and MIB notifications of January 2014, BARC India brings together the three key stakeholders in television audience measurement - broadcasters, advertisers, and advertising and media agencies, via their apex bodies. Standardisation Certificates obtained by BARC India are CESP Certification which validates representativeness of BARC India's TV Measurement Panel and by ISI, Kolkata certifies
1260-587: The country. As per the New Universe Estimates 2020 released this year, TV Homes in India increased by 6.9% to 210 million from previous 197 million in 2018. TV viewing Individuals grew by 6.7%, effectively an increase of 56 million. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) received complaints from the News Broadcasters Association against Republic TV alleging that it was violating TRAI's broadcast sector regulations with its unfair practices and sought an investigation into it. According to
1305-509: The data of a specific event or show, three days after it is telecast. PreView data is also released through YUMI software, which is available on subscription. TV + OOH: BARC India now measures and reports TV viewership that happens in social hot-spots like restaurants, pubs, and bars across 120+ Urban towns and cities. Spot Trek: Provides reports on advertising monitored spots to the agency. The entire BARC India process can be broadly bucketed as follows: BARC India's Broadcast India Survey
1350-504: The following changes were introduced: BIO News: It is a visualisation tool for News broadcasters that gives the performance of News channel, News Stories, News Anchors and Other Personalities at a click of a button. BIO Advision: It is a visualisation tool for Advertisers and Media Agencies which helps brands understand their performance vis-à-vis other brands. PreView: It is a service wherein BARC India subscribers can access
1395-881: The involvement of many of the member channels role in the scam. However, many of the members had earlier given wide coverage to the TRP scam case, accusing a rival channel Republic TV of TRP fudging, when an investigation was launched into the TRP scam by the Mumbai Police accusing Republic TV. Its founding members of the NBDA were: The Office Bearers of NBDA for the year 2019-20 are: 1. Rajat Sharma – President (Chairman & Editor-in-Chief (India TV) – Independent News Service Pvt. Ltd.) 2. I. Venkat - Vice President (Director - Eenadu Television Pvt Ltd ) 3. Anuradha Prasad Shukla – Honourary Treasurer (Chairperson-cum-Managing Director, BAG Network 24 Ltd ) The other Members on
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1440-517: The lack of alternate sources for such data as the TAM provided and the arrival of BARC India as a new measuring standard in the industry. After nearly two years of being in the making (2013-2015), BARC's new ratings system formally rolled out in April 2015. Since most broadcasters had decided not to continue their subscription to TAM India , the industry underwent a ratings darkness period since 1 April where
1485-535: The landscape of Urban India. In October 2015, it started measuring all India TV homes (TV viewers in urban and rural India). BARC India was planned and implemented as an alternative to TAM Media Research , the audience measurement system put in place by the information and insights firm Nielsen and Kantar Media , a WPP company . It was set up according to guidelines of the Indian Ministry of Information & Broadcasting . Shashi Sinha has been elected as
1530-556: The lawsuit read: "The primary remedy (of the corrupt activities) was to increase sample size from 8,000 boxes to 30,000 boxes, immediately stopping publication of data until the sample size was increased to appropriate levels." The case was dismissed by the New York court on the issue of jurisdiction and asked NDTV to fight the legal battle in India. NDTV subsequently unsubscribed from TAM's services only to subscribe again in May 2014 citing
1575-421: The old TAM software had been given up, and the new BARC India ratings software was yet to be installed. The broadcasters had a feel of these ratings a couple of weeks before the official rollout when BARC India made a presentation to share household level data. While there were no major changes, channel ranking across genres, gaps between channels widened or narrowed. The initial rollout of the new ratings included
1620-587: The provider becomes known as the "industry currency" for audience measurement. Industry members fund audience research and share the findings. In a few countries where the industry is fragmented or where there is no industry association, two or more competing organisations may provide audience measurement services; such countries are said to have no industry currency. Four methods of data collection are used to survey broadcast audiences: interviews, diaries, meters, and scanning and modelling. Research companies use different methodologies, depending on where (and when) media
1665-701: The representativeness of BARC India's Panel Design & Household Selection. Nielsen (the owner of TAM Media along with Kantar Media ) was sued by Indian TV channel NDTV for $ 810 million for fraud and $ 580 million for negligence in a New York court. NDTV's weighty lawsuit—194 pages; targeted at over 30 companies and individuals; and $ 1.4 billion in damages—against TAM and its investors accused them of deliberately publishing corrupt and tainted data, favoring rival channels in return for bribes. NDTV also alleged that Nielsen and Kantar were not funding TAM India adequately in order to increase its scale and invest in systems, security and quality procedures. A statement in
1710-429: The request. Subsequently, multiple leading English-language news channels exited from the BARC India system. A news network also approached the Delhi high court against the unfair practices by Republic TV to inflate their ratings. Television ratings (audience measurement) The diary was one of the first methods of recording information. However, this is prone to mistakes , forgetfulness and subjectivity. Data
1755-401: The shift from active, diary-based local measurement to passive, meter-monitored measurement of local markets. Technologically, the LPM is similar to the original Nielsen People Meter; the key advance was that the LPM provided accurate measurements of local markets. The LPM system has allowed the industry to measure year-round, rather than the quarterly "sweeps" periods. Researchers believed that
1800-471: The surveyed area in a given minute. In 2004, there were an estimated 109.6 million television households in the United States; one national ratings point represented 1,096,000 households for the 2004–05 season. When used for a broadcast program, the average rating for the duration of the show is typically given. Ratings points are often used for specific demographics, rather than households. For example,
1845-593: The value of such acquisitions. According to The Television Will Be Revolutionized , Amanda D. Lotz writes that during the 1960s and 1970s, Nielsen introduced the Storage Instantaneous Audimeter, a device that sent daily viewing information to the company's computers using phone lines and made national daily ratings available by 1973. Although the audimeters did not supply sufficient information about audience demographics , it allowed Nielsen to establish diary reports that presented insight into
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1890-401: Was established by Indian news broadcasters on 3 July 2007. The Association was set up to deal with ethical, operational, regulatory, technical and legal issues affecting news and current affairs channels. In August 2021, News Broadcasters Association was renamed as News Broadcasters & Digital Association after inclusion of digital media news broadcasters in the association. Membership in
1935-696: Was formerly known as the News Broadcasting Standards Authority (NBSA). The NBDA Board Members, who are linked to various print and electronic media outlets, were accused by many of adopting double standards, as they immediately called for the closure of TRP scam case investigation by the Central Bureau of Investigation in an FIR filed in Uttar Pradesh in October 2020, which could have possibly highlighted
1980-465: Was incorporated in 2010. It is based in Mumbai , India . It analyses the viewership habits of over 210 million TV households (891 million TV viewers), which makes it the world's largest television audience measurement service. Its measurement system is based on a sample of 50,000+ "panel homes", which will increase to 55,000 by 2023. It launched its TV viewership measurement service in April 2015 covering
2025-563: Was released in February 2017. The findings of Broadcast India (BI) 2018 Survey was released in July 2018. The study is based on a sample size of 3 lakh homes in the country. As per the latest BI 2018 Survey, TV homes in the country have seen a 7.5% jump, outpacing the growth of homes in India which grew at 4.5%. India currently boasts of 298 million homes, of which 197 million have a TV set, having an opportunity of almost 100 million more TV homes in
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