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113-546: It is headed by a Commissioner of Police (CP), an officer of the Indian Police Service . The force is divided into 12 police districts, called zones, each headed by a Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP), further subdivided into 94 police stations. From 1534 until 1661, Mumbai (then known as Bombay) was under Portuguese colonial rule . The Portuguese authorities in Mumbai established a police station in 1661,

226-729: A Public interest litigation (PIL) in the Supreme Court , asking for the Court to direct governments to implement the recommendations of the National Police Commission. The Supreme Court directed the government to set up a committee to review the commission's recommendations, and thus the Ribeiro Committee was formed. The committee, under the leadership of Julio Ribeiro , a former chief of police, sat over 1998 and 1999, and produced two reports. In 2000,

339-592: A Model Police Act to the union government in late 2006. In 1996, Prakash Singh (a former chief of Assam Police and Uttar Pradesh Police and subsequently Director General of the Border Security Force ) initiated a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the Supreme Court of India , asking the court to investigate measures to reform the police forces across India to ensure the proper rule of law and improve security across India. The Supreme Court studied various reports on police reforms. Finally, in 2006,

452-505: A Police Inspector who is the in-charge officer of the station. Mumbai Police is divided into the following units: Each of these units have a Chief of the rank of Joint Commissioner of Police. Those who join the police department through the subordinate services examination of the Maharashtra Public Service Commission enter the force at the lowest ranks of the force. Their starting rank

565-460: A bench of Justice Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal , Justice C. K. Thakker and Justice P.K. Balasubramanyan ordered the state governments to implement several reforms in police force. Several measures were identified as necessary to professionalise the police in India: In 2006, due to a lack of action by all the state governments, the Supreme Court ordered the state governments to report to it why

678-545: A history of corruption, police brutality , refusal to file reports, aligning with political entities, professional incompetence, as well as moral policing. However, in recent times, situations have been changing, but have not been as effective. On 13 January 1982, dreaded gangster Manya Surve was killed in a shootout with Inspector Raja Tambat and ACP Isaque Bagwan, who fired five bullets into his chest and shoulder. Surve's death became known as Mumbai's first recorded encounter killing . The rate of encounter killings increased in

791-442: A limited period, after which one has to invariably return to the cadre allotted to him or her. From 2008 to 2017 IPS officers were allotted to state cadres at the beginning of their service. There was one cadre for each Indian state, except for two joint cadres: Assam – Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh – Goa – Mizoram – Union Territories (AGMUT). The "insider-outsider ratio" (ratio of officers who were posted in their home states)

904-466: A major reform of the boundaries of India's states and territories that organized them along linguistic lines. At this time, for example, Travancore-Cochin was renamed Kerala (Malayalam: കേരളം). Later state name changes include the reorganization of Madhya Bharat into Madhya Pradesh (Hindi: मध्य प्रदेश) in 1959; and the renaming of the Madras State to Tamil Nadu (Tamil: தமிழ்நாடு ) in 1969, of

1017-412: A major restoration in 2017 for the first time in its 120-year history. In 2018, it was announced that a police museum funded by Tata Trusts would open in the building. Since then, there have been no further developments. The Mumbai Police Department is headed by a Police Commissioner , who is an IPS officer. The Mumbai Police comes under the state home department through Maharashtra Police . The city

1130-587: A master’s degree in criminal justice management from NALSAR University of Law. The Union Government announced a new cadre allocation policy for the All India Services in August 2017, touting it as a policy to ensure national integration of the bureaucracy as officers and ensure the All-India character of the services. Under the new policy, the existing 26 cadres have been divided into five zones in

1243-521: A native Tamil name (Tamil: தமிழ்நாடு Tamil Nadu , 'Tamil country'). In general, changes to the local names of cities in the indigenous languages are less common. However, a change in English may sometimes also be a reflection of changes in other Indian languages other than the specific local one. For example, the change of Madras (Tamil: மதராஸ் ) to Chennai (Tamil: சென்னை ) was reflected in many of India's languages, and incidentally in English, while

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1356-531: A preference for all the cadres is indicated by the candidate. The preference for the zones/cadres remains in the same order and no change is permitted. Officers continue to work in the cadre they are allotted or are deputed to the Government of India . Till 2008 there was no system of preference of state cadre by the candidates; the candidates, if not placed in the insider vacancy of their home states, were allotted to different states in alphabetical order of

1469-604: A rejection of British influence, yet the recent rise of the Hindu nationalist party Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has been associated with the growing trend of Hindu nationalism in politics, and consequently, the rising fear in Muslims of their past being rewritten. Significant occurrences prompting this frustration include the renaming of the city of Allahabad (tracing back to Mughal rule) to Prayagraj (ancient name in Sanskrit) and

1582-484: A response to these attacks, a specialised counter-terrorism unit, Force One was formed and commissioned on 24 November 2009, two days before the anniversary of the 26/11 terror attacks. A Committee was appointed to look into the failures of cops pertaining to the terror attack. The Ram Pradhan Committee , as it came to be known, furnished a report recommending a series of improvements & reforms. The State Government of Maharashtra however never had this report tabled in

1695-412: A secular, multifaith nation. Furthermore, in defense of Muslim contribution and cultural heritage, she writes, “If some Muslim rulers were cruel and unjust should Hindus retaliate by practicing reverse religious bigotry, forgetting the contribution made by other Muslim rulers and citizens to enrich their art, architecture and learning?” This raises the question of whether silencing the bad is worth losing

1808-498: A term for extrajudicial killings by the police supposedly in self-defense. IPS officers have complained of high levels of stress due to long work hours and unrealistic demands of political bosses. Retired Director General of Police in Uttar Pradesh Vikram Singh believes job discontent is a combination of "no holidays, lack of sleep, the sinking feeling of failure, public treatment of policemen with contempt,

1921-484: Is a federalism in India . But generally the following pattern is observed. IPS officers are appointed on the basis of either Civil Service Examination or promoted from the state police service cadre (state civil service officers) . Vacancy in an IPS cadre are determined on the basis of vacancy on an Superintendent of Police rank. Consequently, there are two level of gradations for SP rank. These are level 11 and 12 as per

2034-499: Is amended. An example is the change from English Calcutta to English Kolkata – the local Bengali name ( কলকাতা Kôlkata ) did not change. Such changes in English spelling may be in order to better reflect a more accurate phonetic transliteration of the local name, or may be for other reasons. In the early years after Indian independence , many name changes were affected in northern India for English spellings of Hindi place names that had simply been Romanized inconsistently by

2147-509: Is divided into Twelve police zones and Twenty Five traffic police zones, each headed by a Deputy Commissioner of Police. The Traffic Police is a semi-autonomous body under the Mumbai Police. The department holds several programs for the welfare of its officials including Retirement Planning Workshop. Mumbai police is broadly divided into five regions namely Central, North, South, East and West. For administrative purposes, each region

2260-425: Is gradually being rewritten with names reflecting Hindu heritage rather than Muslim ones. Indian author Pushpa Sundar writes, “The objective behind the renaming, whether done earlier or being done now, is to erase the prevailing memory of the good done along with the bad by the other, while simultaneously super-imposing history as interpreted by the current rulers as the flawless truth.” She prompts readers to consider

2373-514: Is in the hands of their seniors. When the seniors surrender their authority by complying with requests from politicians, corruption increases, and the investigation of crime in sensitive cases is based not on facts and law but on the wishes and interests of the politician in power. Members of one of the two most elite services in the country (the other being the Indian Administrative Service), IPS officers are arguably

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2486-424: Is less stiff such it drops downwards. Khaki short sleeve shirt and long pants are worn by most members. Some women might wear sarees if they prefer. The patch of the police force is visible too. Because Bollywood , India's Hindi language film industry, is primarily based in Mumbai, the Mumbai police has been frequently portrayed in films. Some of the prominent ones are listed below: Most of these films are based on

2599-525: Is maintained as 1:2, with one-third of the direct recruits as 'insiders' from the same state. The rest were posted as outsiders according to the 'roster' in states other than their home states, as per their preference. Additional deputy commissioner of police in police commissionerates in Delhi , Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal Though the standard uniform colour is khaki, the ranks, posts and designations of IPS officers vary from state to state as law and order

2712-507: Is not clear how people abroad may report to Mumbai Cybercell. The police station will take care of all cyber cases in the city including that of terror e-mails. The existing Cyber Crime Investigation Cell of the city police probes cyber offences, but the FIRs are registered in local police stations depending on the site of the offence. A specially trained team of over 25 policemen, headed by an Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP), were selected for

2825-417: Is often subject to political interference, which can undermine its independence and impartiality. Political pressure can influence the decision-making process, compromise investigations, and create a lack of trust in the police among the public. The ambition of the senior IPS officers to occupy posts of importance is a major contributory factor to the politicization. The appointment of subordinate police officers

2938-642: Is stated to return on 21 December 2024. The Ashok Chakra , India's highest civilian honour during peace time, was conferred posthumously upon two Mumbai Police officers – Hemant Karkare and Ashok Kamte who laid their lives in the service of the nation during the 2008 Mumbai attacks . Junior officers like Vijay Salaskar and Tukaram Omble were also posthumously awarded the Ashok Chakra . The Cyber Crime App launched by Mumbai Police in 2019 registered 140,000 incidents within one year whereby 132,000 suspicious phone numbers were tracked. The Mumbai Police has

3051-521: Is subdivided into 3 to 4 zones. Each zone contains 3 to 4 police stations. Each zone is commanded by a Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP). Apart from the 12 zones, there is also an additional Port zone. Police stations under the Port zone keep vigil on the Mumbai Port and container terminals in Mumbai. There are a total of 91 police stations in the jurisdiction of Mumbai Police. Every police station has

3164-475: Is that of a Police constable. Those who join the police force through the combined competitive examination of the Maharashtra Public Service Commission holds a starting rank of Sub Inspector or Deputy Superintendent of Police of Maharashtra Police Service . Civil Servants who join the police force through the civil service examination conducted by UPSC holds a starting rank of Assistant Superintendent of Police of Indian Police Service cadre. Generally

3277-720: The CISF . A massive modernization of the Mumbai Police took place in 2005. New vehicles, guns and electronic equipment were procured for police use. The Tourist Squad was also created to patrol the beaches of Mumbai. On 30 May 2009 the Maharashtra government in Mumbai set up a police station dedicated to tackling cyber crime. It is the third such facility in India after Bangalore and Hyderabad. The dedicated police station will now register first information reports (FIRs) on its own and investigate offences pertaining to cyberspace. It

3390-497: The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). There is no alternative to this administrative system... The Union will go, you will not have a united India if you do not have good All-India Service which has the independence to speak out its mind, which has sense of security that you will standby your work... If you do not adopt this course, then do not follow the present Constitution. Substitute something else... these people are

3503-581: The Coastal Road is Rs 1200(US $ 15), which has been steeply set and does not conform to the standards of Motor Vehicles Act due to non requirement of licenses; furthermore, refusal to pay and non-compliance has led to seizure of bicycles, detaining of riders, deflating the tires, or towing away bicycles parked at no parking zones, which constitutes a misconduct by police personnel and violation of rights of those owning non-motorized/self-propelled vehicles. The penalties charged against bicyclists for riding on

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3616-460: The Constitution of India . As per media reports, there is a massive shortage of IPS officers in India, amounting to nearly 19% to 22% of the sanctioned strength. Despite having a very small cadre strength, many IPS officers have been awarded the highest gallantry awards (Ashok Chakra, Kirti Chakra). The current national security advisor of India, Ajit Doval, was an IPS officer who earned

3729-623: The Criminal Investigation Department of Mumbai Police. The show was aired from 21 January 1998(pilot episode aired on 29 April 1997), until it concluded on 27 October 2018, and the show has consistently had top ratings. CID also had been featured in the Guinness World Records for having an episode of 111 minutes shot in October 2004 without a single cut. A reboot of the show featuring the same cast

3842-506: The IPS officers make it to the highest rank of Director General. The Commissioner of Police of Mumbai, an IPS officer is one of the rank of Additional Director General of Police . Anti-Terrorism Squad Chief Hemant Karkare , Additional Commissioner of Police Ashok Kamte and Encounter specialist Vijay Salaskar were among the policemen who fell to the bullets of the terrorists. Then Joint Commissioner of Mumbai Crime Branch Mr. Rakesh Maria under

3955-1029: The Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS), the IPS is part of the All India Services – its officers are employed by both the Union Government and by individual states . The service provides leadership to various state and central police forces, including the Central Armed Police Forces ( BSF , SSB , CRPF , CISF , and ITBP ), the National Security Guard (NSG), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), Special Protection Group (SPG), National Investigation Agency (NIA), and

4068-482: The Indian media , particularly the influential Indian press . In the case of smaller towns and districts which were less notable outside and inside India, and where a well known English name (or exonym) could not be said to exist, older spellings used under British India may not have had any specific legislation other than changes in practice on the romanization of indigenous Indian language names. Aside from changes to

4181-461: The Mysore State to Karnataka (Kannada: ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ) in 1973, and of Uttaranchal to Uttarakhand (Hindi: उत्तराखण्ड ) in 2007. Name changes have varied with respect to the levels of language at which they have been applied, and also accepted. Some of these local name changes were changes made in all languages: the immediate local name, and also all India's other languages. An example of this is

4294-593: The National Security Guard has a regional hub in Mumbai , Force One is expected to be part of the initial response to a terror strike in Mumbai . The Mumbai Police Headquarters are in a Grade II-A listed heritage building that was built in 1894 and designed by John Adams, who also designed the Royal Bombay Yacht Club . It is located opposite Crawford Market in South Mumbai, a mile away from

4407-526: The Shiv Sena Bhavan . However, his conspiracy claim was dismissed by the police as a "mere bluff". The 2008 terrorist attacks in Mumbai have been ascribed to massive intelligence failure by Mumbai Police. Furthermore, the attack also exposed the several other weaknesses, such as using antiquated weaponry from World War II , poor marksmanship training, lack of a commando style force like the SWAT in

4520-628: The Victoria Terminus . The construction work started on 17 November 1894 and finished two years later on 24 December 1896. The building was formally opened on 1 January 1897. The architectural style of the building is Gothic Revival . In contrast to the Maharashtra Police Headquarters in Fort, which uses blue basalt and was built some two decades earlier, this building uses yellow basalt. The building underwent

4633-539: The 2002 Ghatkopar bombing case. The traffic branch of Mumbai Police has faced ire and disparagement for harassing bicyclists and slapping hefty fines on them for riding on Bandra–Worli Sea Link , as well as for obstructing traffic due to slow speeds of riders. The fines for bicyclists riding on the bridge, as well as on the Trans Harbour Link , Eastern Freeway , the BKC-Chunabhatti flyover, and

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4746-655: The Anti-terrorist Squad in Mumbai when the same was formed in 2004. Rifles SMLE Mk III* , Ishapore 2A1 , SUB Machine GUN CARBINE 9 mm 1A1, 7.62 MM 1A1, Assault Rifle 7.62 mm, 38 MM Multi Shot Riot Gun, INSAS 5.56 mm , AK-47 (247 in total), FN-FAL 250 MP5 German automatic sub-machine guns were ordered after 26/11., M4, M107 Barrett anti-material rifles and SWAT equipment. Pistols Glock pistol , Pistol Auto 9mm 1A , Smith & Wesson M&P . 72 speed boats have been also ordered. Peaked caps are worn with an orange band and crown that

4859-557: The British administration – such as the British spelling Jubbulpore , renamed Jabalpur ( जबलपुर ) among the first changes in 1947. These changes did not generate significant controversy. More recent and high-profile changes – including renaming such major cities as Calcutta to Kolkata – have generated greater controversy. Since independence, such changes have typically been enacted officially by legislation at local or national Indian government level, and may or may not then be adopted by

4972-440: The IPS, has been a subject of criticism and public debate for many years. It is seen as a reflection of the country's broader issue of social and political inequality. One manifestation of VIP culture within the IPS is the deployment of police personnel for personal security and escort duties even their personal needs for senior IPS officers. These personnel are often diverted from their regular law enforcement duties, which can affect

5085-620: The IPS. There are a lot of incidents were Misuse of Power by IPS officers in India. In a notable incident in Kochi, there was an alarming misuse of government vehicles and police personnel during the marriage ceremony of an IPS officer. This incident raised concerns as several government-owned vehicles, belonging to the Kerala police, were utilized as a shuttle service for the wedding festivities. Additionally, some police officers were deployed as valets to assist with carrying luggage and other items for

5198-512: The Indian Police Service (IPS) refers to a phenomenon where certain individuals, especially those holding positions of power or influence, receive preferential treatment or special privileges from the police force. This culture often results in the diversion of police resources and manpower towards catering to the needs and demands of these individuals, often at the expense of the general public. VIP culture in India, including within

5311-594: The Indian Police Service is 4920. (3270 Direct Recruitment Posts and 1650 Promotional Posts). The Civil List of IPS officers is an updated (annual) list maintained by the Ministry of Home Affairs , Government of India that lists the posting details of all IPS officers in India. This Civil List can be accessed from the MHA website . It allows searching for an IPS officer based on their name, Batch, or Cadre. After completion of almost 2 years training, IPS probationers are awarded

5424-665: The Kirti Chakra for his gallant actions during operation Black Thunder. Though generally deployed in supervisory roles at senior levels, it is not uncommon for IPS officers to be in the field taking active part in maintaining law and order. IPS officers have been posted to various UN Missions and several have been awarded the United Nations Medal . Many exceptional IPS officers have been awarded with Padma awards from time to time. The First Police Commission, appointed on 17 August 1865, contained detailed guidelines for

5537-604: The Seventh Pay Commission. Resultantly, IPS officers remain on the rank on SP till the 13th year after which they are eligible for being promoted as Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP). ASP rank is the junior most rank on an IPS state cadre. Consequently, fresh recruits to IPS are variously posted as Assistant Superintendent of Police in a supernumerary capacity (only for training purpose for two years and after that for 1 year) till they are formally placed as Superintendent of Police In-Charge of an area (when they get

5650-472: The Social Service Branch would not conduct raids. Mid-Day reported that a source said, "SSB carried out raids at hotels and bars and filed cases against them. The last SSB raid was in early February. After that, no raid was conducted as everybody agreed to pay the money to be able to operate." Vaze was previously involved in the custodial torture and death of Khwaja Yunus in 2004, a suspect in

5763-599: The Supreme Court passed an order nationwide in December 2022 to all Police Departments to stop moral policing. In 2019, Ministry of Home Affairs said it never recognized or approved the formation of IPS (Central) Association, and the police force does not have the right to form any association without the permission of the federal Government of India . Renaming of cities in India The renaming of

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5876-517: The Tamil Nadu cadre, was accused of engaging in custodial torture at Ambasamudram police station in Tirunelveli district. The allegations against the IPS officer included forcefully extracting the teeth of approximately ten individuals and repeatedly assaulting at least two of them in their genital areas while they were in custody. Some IPS officers have been convicted of fake encounters ,

5989-539: The Tamil endonym had always been Chennai and remained unaffected by the change. The renaming of cities is often specifically from English to Indian English in connection with that dialect's internal reforms. In other words, the city itself is not actually renamed in the local language, and the local name (or endonym) in the indigenous languages of India does not change, but the official spelling in Indian English

6102-1005: The United States, as well as bureaucratic inefficiency when coordinating with the National Security Guard . Despite not having sophisticated weapons and body armor, the Mumbai Police was able to capture the lone gunman Ajmal Kasab at a roadblock near Girgaum Chowpatty. Another gunman, Ismail Khan was killed the shootout. In 2003-04 Telgi scam also known as fake-stamp scam broke out in which Mumbai's police commissioner R.S. Sharma came to be arrested along with many other senior officers. [1] Another former police commissioner of Mumbai police Sanjay Pande came to be arrested in stock-exchange scam involving tapping of telephone lines of investors. [2] Encounter specialist Pradeep Sharma came to be arrested in Antilia bomb scare case involving murder of Mansukh Hiren. [3] Another encounter specialist Daya Nayak absconded while anti-corruption bureau of Mumbai

6215-570: The Woods" was split up into 14 Police divisions, each division being staffed by two English constables and a varying number of Peons (not exceeding 130 for the whole area), who were to be stationary in their respective charges and responsible for dealing with all illegal acts committed within their limits. Following the establishment of Crown rule in India after the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , in 1864 Commissioners of Police were assigned to

6328-457: The ambiguity, the shift to Chennai was driven more by the name Madras serving as a reminder of the remnants of colonial rule, rather than its literal linguistic associations. Similarly, Chennai was likely derived from Chennaipattanam, another town near Fort St. George. Other sources form connections to Dravidian languages, particularly the Telugu word “chennu”, meaning beautiful. Nevertheless, unlike

6441-849: The case. Rai has now been allowed to turn approver in the case after he was pardoned by the Bandra Magistrate Court in Mumbai. As of May 2017, Indrani, Peter, and Sanjeev have been lodged in Byculla Women's Prison and Arthur Road Jail in Mumbai, respectively. Much of the equipment for the Mumbai Police are manufactured indigenously by the Indian Ordnance Factories controlled by the Ordnance Factories Board , Ministry of Defence, Government of India. Weapons such as Glock Pistols are imported from Austria. These pistols were first imported for

6554-464: The cities in India started in 1947 following the end of the British imperial period . Several changes were controversial, and not all proposed changes were implemented. Each had to be approved by Government of India in Delhi . The renaming of states and territories in India has also taken place, but until the 2010s with actual substantial name changes in both local language and in English such as

6667-518: The cities of Aurangabad (Marathi: औरंगाबाद) and Osmanabad (Marathi: उस्मानाबाद) had been renamed Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar (Marathi: छत्रपती संभाजी नगर) and Dharashiv (Marathi: धाराशिव), by then Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Uddhav Thackerey , in 2020. These proposals are changes from the Islamic name to a Hindu native name. Official name changes take place quickly if not immediately in official government sources. Adoption may be slower among

6780-485: The city of Faizabad district to Ayodhya district (a holy city of Hinduism). Upon the adoption of the name Prayagraj, a BJP official stated, "Today, the BJP government has rectified the mistake made by Akbar ." Within a nation dominated by a Hindu majority, politics and religion have been intertwined, allegedly silencing Muslim voices with every removal of Muslim-sounding places. Along with India’s changing image, its history

6893-540: The current roles and functions of an Indian Police Service Officer are as follows: IPS officers are recruited from Civil Services Examination conducted by UPSC . They are also promoted from State Police Services and DANIPS . However, at present, recruitment from Limited Competitive Examination has been put on hold. The training of IPS officer recruits is conducted at Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy in Hyderabad . The authorized cadre strength of

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7006-462: The desired system of police in India and defined the police as a governmental department to enforce the law , maintain order and to detect and prevent crime across the region. The Indian Police Service is not a force but a service providing leaders and commanders to staff the state police and all-India Central Armed Police Forces . Its members are the senior officers of the police. With time Indian Police Service's objectives were updated and redefined,

7119-487: The failure of the police to uphold the rule of law . The need for police reform in India has long been recognised. There have been almost 30 years of debate and discussion by government-created committees and commissions on the way forward for police reform, but India remains saddled with an outdated and old-fashioned law, while report after report gathers dust on government bookshelves without implementation. Many committees on police reform have recommended major reforms in

7232-452: The first post-independence Chief Minister of West Bengal. Gradual replacement of British claim in street and place names marked the reclaiming of symbolic ownership of the urban land. However, these changes were also received with varying degrees of discontent, given that the decisions lie in the hands of the greater social and political powers. In other instances, such as Madras (the capital of Tamil Nadu) being rebranded as Chennai in 1996,

7345-576: The gangsters, who refused to surrender. However, the ATS officers were given a clean chit following an inquiry. Right before the 1993 Bombay bombings , Gul Mohammad, a small-time criminal, confessed to his role in the 1992 riots, his training in Pakistan, and a conspiracy underway to bomb major locations around the city, including the Bombay Stock Exchange , Sahar International Airport and

7458-430: The good done as well. Given India’s vast size and population, numerous efforts to decolonize and standardize India’s city names have been observed. One prominent example to spark controversy is India’s first modern city in which British power was once consolidated–the city that was previously known as Calcutta (British pronunciation) has been referred to as Kolkata (local Bengali pronunciation) since 2001. Unsurprisingly,

7571-458: The government set up a third committee on police reform, this time under the stewardship of a former union home secretary, K. Padmanabhaiah . This Committee released its report in the same year. The Malimath Committee Report submitted in March 2003 has very articulately laid down the foundation of a restructured and reoriented police system. The committee in its report observed that the success of

7684-448: The guests. This incident highlights a misuse of power and resources, which is a matter of great concern. Such actions not only demonstrate a disregard for the proper usage of government assets but also raise questions regarding the principles of fairness and equality. In June 2023, an incident of alleged abuse of power by Tamil Nadu IPS officer came to light, resulting in his suspension. an assistant superintendent of police (ASP) from

7797-423: The impartiality and integrity of the police force. Some IPS officers have been accused of public corruption, money laundering, drug trafficking, and unjust use of power. There have been various instances of abuse of the public by officers. High-ranking officers often enjoy many luxuries for no cost. There is also opportunity to receive extra payment for doing specific tasks on the job. VIP culture within

7910-815: The indifference of political bosses and almost no connect with superiors". Professional stress ruins personal lives and leads to marital discord. The inability to balance professional and personal lives has led some IPS officers to commit suicide. The Indian Police Service officials have been criticized for acts of moral policing . Using sections 292 to 294 of the Indian Penal Code which are used to deal with obscenity, Police officers have often harassed citizens for several incidents such as celebrating Valentine's Day, indulging in Public Displays of Affection, and arresting consenting couples in private places. Following increasing incidents of such misconducts,

8023-678: The instrument. Remove them and I see nothing, but a picture of chaos all over the country. In 1861, the Parliament of the United Kingdom introduced the Indian Councils Act, 1861 . The act created the foundation of a modern and professional police bureaucracy in India. It introduced a new cadre of police, called Superior Police Services , later known as the Indian Imperial Police . The highest rank in

8136-489: The judiciary, National Human Rights Commission , leaders of opposition, besides the general public for taking actions on the orders of political leaders. - Indian Police Service The Indian Police Service ( abbr. IPS ) is a civil service under the All India Services . It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India became independent from the British Empire . Along with

8249-578: The land-grabbing bureaucrats and judges of Bombay High Court. Three plots of land are located at Worli Sea Face while three are Western-Mumbai suburb Andheri west. This disclosure exposing the biggest organised land-grab operation by bureaucrats & judges was made by Director General of Police Housing Corporation Shri Arupji Patnaiksaheb in his reply to a Public Interest Litigation filed by former journalist Ketan Tirodkar. [5] [6] [7] On 13 March 2021, Senior Inspector Sachin Vaze , an encounter specialist,

8362-488: The late 1980s and further rose after the 1993 Mumbai bombings ; a total of 622 alleged criminals were killed in police encounters from 1982 to 2004. On 16 November 1991 , the Anti-Terrorism Squad , led by Additional Commissioner of Police Aftab Ahmed Khan , laid siege on Lokhandwala Complex to capture gangster Maya Dolas , and 6 others. Khan and his squad were criticized for firing 450 bullets which killed

8475-410: The leadership of Police Commissioner Hasan Gafoor tackled the abrupt attack by his superb skills. Mr. Ramesh Mahale, then an officer with crime branch investigated the case and brought the lone arrested militant Ajmal Kasab to justice. Police Commissioner Hasan Gafoor was shunted out of his office. Mahale resigned recently over a murder case investigation which he was leading. In the following year, as

8588-685: The legislature fearing a fallout over strictures passed in the report. A Public Interest Litigation has been filed by social activist Ketan Tirodkar to demand equal justice for all the police who were killed in the terror attack; especially for the members of the Bomb Disposal Squad of Mumbai Police. During the hearing of the petition, the Government informed the High Court that the Federal Government of India has rejected

8701-465: The letters "IP" on their epaulettes in order to distinguish them from other officers not recruited by the secretary through examination. Therefore, 1907 could be regarded as the starting point for the IPS. In 1948, a year after India gained independence; the Imperial Police was formally replaced by the Indian Police Service. The Indian Police Service was created under Article 312(2), XIV of

8814-454: The media in India and abroad, and among Indian authors. Indian culture features a centuries long integration of ethnic and religious groups, however, occurrences such as the renaming of Indian cities and places bring the underlying tensions among these groups to the surface. This is most easily demonstrated through opposing interests and interpretations of history between the nation’s Muslim and Hindu populations. Immediate post-colonialism saw

8927-485: The morality behind rewriting history as the values and attitudes of generations change, eroding the cultural authenticity as we do. The implementation of Hinduism in politics served as a catalyst for further cultural and psychological struggles as Muslim Indians expressed greater insecurity in their heritage and identity as citizens of India. With the addition of Hindu pride stirring hatred towards certain minorities, these developments seem to contradict India’s claim of being

9040-406: The most visible face of the government, overseeing law and order, investigation, internal and border security, and intelligence, among other functions. IPS officers often encounter political interference in their day-to-day functioning. Politicians may attempt to influence police investigations, transfers, and postings for their interests or to fulfill political agendas. Such interference can undermine

9153-418: The new job. The facility will function under the supervision of Deputy Commissioner of Police (Preventive) and Joint Commissioner of Police (Crime). Following the 2008 terrorist attacks in Mumbai , a SWAT like unit was created to combat terrorism. Named as Force One , the unit has been trained in the use of sophisticated arms and explosives, and the personnel are known for their rapid shooting skills. While

9266-503: The new policy by the Department of Personnel and Training of Government of India . Under the new policy, a candidate has to first give their choice in the descending order of preference from amongst the various Zones. Subsequently, the candidate has to indicate one preference of cadre from each preferred zone. The candidate indicates their second cadre preference for every preferred zone subsequently. The process continues till

9379-531: The official English spellings of local names there have also been renaming proposals to realign the official name, hence the English name with an alternative local name. Ethnically sensitive examples include the proposals by the Bharatiya Janata Party (1990, 2001) to rename Ahmedabad (Hindi: अहमदाबाद) to Karnavati and Allahabad (Hindi: इलाहाबाद) to Prayagraj (Hindi: प्रयागराज), the latter ultimately being officially adopted in 2018. Similarly,

9492-453: The old British state name of Thiruvananthapuram - Kochi to Kerala (1956). The most notable exceptions are Indian English spelling-changes of Orissa to Odisha (2011) and the union territory of Pondicherry (which includes the city of Pondicherry ) to Puducherry (2006). India has various local languages. Even (Romanised) English spellings in long and wide use often vary depending upon which government department or agency uses them. To

9605-535: The operational groups most commonly known as Encounter Squads. Officers like Pradeep Sharma , Vijay Salaskar, Praful Bhosale, Ravindra Angre etc. have previously headed these squads. Junior officers Hemant Desai, Ashok Khot, Sachin Waze, Daya Nayak, Uttam Bhosale etc. assisted them. The popular television show CID starring Shivaji Satam , Dayanand Shetty , Aditya Srivastava , Dinesh Phadnis and produced by B. P. Singh , which aired on Sony Channel , has been based on

9718-404: The overall efficiency and effectiveness of the police force. VIP culture also extends to the use of special privileges such as flashing red or blue beacons on vehicles, known as "lal batti," which signify authority and grant the right-of-way on the roads. The practice of using sirens and escort vehicles to navigate through traffic, often at high speeds, is another common aspect of VIP culture within

9831-428: The pay of level 11 and level 12) and as district in charge (when they get the pay of level 12) (only in non-metropolitan districts). When the officers get promoted to the rank of SSP, some of them are posted as the district in-charge of metropolitan districts. India's police continue to be governed by a colonial police law passed in 1861. The Indian Constitution makes policing a state subject and therefore

9944-516: The point, a few examples are Quilandy versus Koyilandy (Malayalam: കൊയിലാണ്ടി), Cannanore versus Kannur (Malayalam: കണ്ണൂർ), and Rangiya versus Rangia (Assamese: ৰঙিয়া). Different departments of the government may have used official spellings in use at the time, while locations associated with Indian railways mostly maintained British-era spellings. The confusion inherent in such variations has often resulted in serious consequences like people having two "different" addresses (theoretically designating

10057-406: The police system coupled with systematic accountability . The National Police Commission was the first committee set up by the Government of India to report on policing. The National Police Commission began sitting in 1979, in the context of a post-Emergency India, and produced eight reports, including a Model Police Act, between 1979 and 1981. In 1996, two former senior police officers filed

10170-498: The police. Previously, Indians could rise only to the rank of an inspector, the senior N.C.O. position. However they were not part of the Indian Imperial Police . From 1920 onward, the Indian Imperial Police was open to Indians and the entrance examination for the service was conducted both in India and England. Prior to Independence, senior police officers belonging to the Imperial Police (IP) were appointed by

10283-671: The previous occasion when it all started from 'H', then this time it would start from Himachal Pradesh). This highly intricate system, in vogue since the mid-1980s, had ensured that officers from different states were placed all over India. The system of permanent state cadres has also resulted in wide disparities in the kind of professional exposure for officers when we compare officers in small and big and also developed and backward states. Changes of state cadre are permitted on grounds of marriage to an All India Service officer of another state cadre or under other exceptional circumstances. The officer may go to their home state cadre on deputation for

10396-843: The prohibited areas as well as various other offenses under sections of the Motor Vehicles Act is unconstitutional and not authorized, as the Act is neither applicable to bicyclists, nor does it mandate any penalties against bicyclists. While penalties against motor vehicles such as two-wheelers, cars and heavy vehicles are mentioned for various offenses on Mumbai Police website as per the Motor Vehicles Act, they explicitly do not state any penalties against bicyclists for certain offenses. The Mumbai Police has also denounced for incidents of moral policing , which have resulted in serious protests, as well as intervention of judiciary and senior officers - The Mumbai Police has also faced condemnation from

10509-743: The proposal to award the Bomb Disposal Squad of the city police for their contribution in defusing granades in the terror attack. Sheena Bora, an executive working for Metro One based in Mumbai, went missing on 24 April 2012. In August 2015, the Mumbai Police had received a tip-off from an unknown man claiming that Sheena Bora had been murdered. After they got in touch with their Counterparts in Pune, they arrested her mother, Indrani Mukerjea , her stepfather Sanjeev Khanna, and her mother's chauffeur, Shyamvar Pinturam Rai, for allegedly abducting and killing her and subsequently burning her corpse. They also arrested Indrani's husband, Peter Mukerjea in connection with

10622-628: The reform measures outlined were not implemented. After being questioned in front of the judges of the Supreme Court , the state governments are finally starting to reform the police forces and give them the operational independence they need for fearless and proper law enforcement. Tamil Nadu Police has been in the forefront of application of the new referendum. Again, in October 2012, a Supreme Court bench of Chief Justice Altamas Kabir and justices S. S. Nijjar and Jasti Chelameswar asked all state governments and Union territories to inform about compliance of its September 2006 judgement. The order

10735-565: The renaming of predominantly Hindi-speaking Uttaranchal ( Hindi : उत्तराञ्चल ) to a new local Hindi name (Hindi: उत्तराखण्ड Uttarakhand ). Other changes were only changes in some of the indigenous languages. For example, the renaming of the Madras Presidency to Madras State in 1947 and then Tamil Nadu in 1969 required non-Tamil speakers to change from an approximation of the British name ( Tamil : மதராஸ் மாகாணம் Madras Presidency , then Madras State Tamil: மதராஸ் மாநிலம் ) to

10848-428: The renaming trend was not limited to just city names, being further reflected in the postcolonial adoption of prominent Bengali figures as street names, parks, and significant landmarks. Notably, streets originally dedicated to notable colonial rulers such as Wellesley Street and Cornwallis Street are now proudly displayed as Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Road and Bidhan Sarani , commemorating an Indian independence activist and

10961-517: The roster, beginning with the letters A, H, M, T for that particular year. For example, if in a particular year, the roster begins from 'A', which means the first candidate on the roster will go to the Andhra Pradesh state cadre of IPS, the next one to Bihar, and subsequently to Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, and so on in alphabetical order. The next year the roster starts from 'H', for either Haryana or Himachal Pradesh (if it has started from Haryana on

11074-481: The same place) in their official records leading to legal disputes, or one house having residents of different house addresses due to differing place names. Many people argue that such confusion can lead to indeterminate and/or unintended consequences. In the post-colonial era, several Indian states' names were changed. Some of these changes coincided with the States Reorganisation Act of 1956,

11187-610: The same year it was transferred to the English colonial empire . Now being governed by the East India Company , the new city administration established a militia known as the Bhandari Militia (which consisted of approximately 600 Bandareen men supplied by 100 local landowners) in 1669 to combat street gangs that targeted sailors. This new force, which was organised by governor of Bombay Gerald Aungier ,

11300-543: The secretary of state on the basis of a competitive examination. The first open civil service examination for admittance to the service was held in England in June 1893 and the ten top candidates were appointed as probationers in the Indian Imperial Police . It is not possible to identify an exact date for when the Indian Police Service came formally into being. Around 1907, the secretary of state's officers were directed to wear

11413-479: The service was the inspector general for each province. The rank of inspector general was equated to that of a brigadier , and similar ranks in the Indian Armed Forces , as per a central warrant of precedence issued in 1937. In 1902–03, a police commission was established to recommend reforms under Sir Andrew Fraser and Lord Curzon . It recommended the appointment of Indians as officers in

11526-416: The state governments have the responsibility to provide their communities with a police service. However, after independence, most have adopted the 1861 Act without change, while others have passed laws heavily based on the 1861 Act. Repeated major incidents, like the 2012 Delhi gang rape and murder , 2020 Hathras gang rape and murder , as well as terrorist attacks such as the 2008 Mumbai attacks revealed

11639-547: The three presidency towns of Bombay, Calcutta and Madras. On 14 December 1864, Sir Frank Souter was appointed as the first Police Commissioner of Bombay ; in the same year, Khan Bahadur Sheikh Ibrahim Sheikh Imam became the first Indian to be appointed to a senior rank in the Bombay Police, while Souter remained in office for 24 years until 3 July 1888. In 1896, the Police Commissioner of Bombay's office

11752-455: The transition was regarded with less contention, in part due to the vague origins of the name Madras. Historically recognized as a significant administrative, military, and economic center, the name was believed to originate from Madrasapattinam, a fishing village north of Fort St. George built by the British. Other theories include Portuguese influence (Madre de Deus, meaning Mother of God) or Sanskrit derivations (Madhu-ras, meaning honey). Despite

11865-436: The whole process of Criminal Justice Administration depended completely on the proper functioning of the police organisation especially in the investigation stage. Apart from the investigation of offences, the police also have the duty of maintaining law and order. In 2005, the government put together a group to draft a new police act for India. It was headed by Soli Sorabjee (former attorney general ). The committee submitted

11978-629: Was arrested for his involvement in the Antilia bomb scare . Through an investigation, Vaze revealed that he was acting at the behest of Anil Deshmukh , who was then minister of Home Affairs. Vaze was also involved in collecting extortion money in December 2020 from members of the Indian Hotel and Restaurant Association (AHAR). He would call from his office in the Commissioner of Police compound for monthly amounts and, if paid, would ensure that

12091-601: Was headquartered at Mahim , Sevree and Sion (with a subedar stationed in each headquarter) and used primarily for law enforcement purposes. In 1672, the city administration implemented a policy of having all law enforcement decisions to be subject to judicial review by the judiciary , though the East India Company suffered from a lack of trained judges during the first decades of their control over Mumbai. The situation remained unchanged for decades. By 1682, law enforcement in Mumbai remained stagnant, and there

12204-403: Was moved to an Indo-Saracenic building , which it still occupies to this day. The building has been designated as a protected heritage site by the Indian government . After independence, many changes to the Bombay Police were instituted. On 15 August 1947, J.S. Bharucha became the first Indian head of the Bombay Police, taking over from the last British Commissioner, Mr. A.E. Caffin. A dog squad

12317-601: Was only one ensign , two corporals and three sergeants in the Bhandari Militia. On 29 March 1780, the office of the Lieutenant of Police was dissolved and the office of Deputy of Police was created. James Tod, the then Lieutenant of Police was appointed as the first Deputy of Police on 5 April 1780. He was tried and dismissed for corruption in 1790. Subsequently, the designation was changed to "Deputy of Police and High Constable". In 1793, Act XXXIII, Geo. III

12430-503: Was passed when Prakash Singh through his lawyer Prashant Bhushan said that many of the reforms (ordered by the Supreme Court) have yet not been implemented by many state governments. Due to the immense amount of power and responsibility that IPS officers hold, many issues occur when personal beliefs, desires, emotions, safety, and security are at play. One of the primary concerns is the issue of politicization. The police force

12543-426: Was promulgated. The post of Deputy of Police was abolished and a post of Superintendent of Police was created in its place, with a Deputy of Superintendent of Police assisting him. Mr. Simon Halliday was the first Superintendent of Police, and governed till 1808. During this time, a thorough revision and re-arrangement of policing in the area outside the Fort was carried out. The troublesome area known as "Dungree and

12656-511: Was seeking his custody. [4] Same officer is now facing a criminal accusation of planting drugs upon some youngsters during his tenure with the Anti-terrorist Squad of Maharashtra Police. A reply filed by Director General of Police Housing Corporation (former Police Commissioner of Mumbai) Arup Patnaik has exposed land-grabbing offence by IASs, IPSs & Bombay High Court Judges wherein six prime plots of land reserved for service quarters of constabulary were usurped by private housing societies of

12769-471: Was set up in 1965. Computers were first used by the Bombay police in 1976. A Narcotics Cell and an anti-terrorist special operations squad were created in 1989. The service was renamed to Mumbai Police in 1995, following the renaming of Bombay to Mumbai . In 1995, the control room was computerised, and finally, in 1997, the Mumbai Police went online. In 2002, the airport police section handed over security to

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