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43-471: In February 2006, National Grid USA , a wholly owned subsidiary of National Grid plc of the United Kingdom , announced that it had agreed to buy KeySpan for $ 7.3 billion (£4.1 billion) in cash, the deal being subject to regulatory approval and endorsement by the shareholders of the two companies. In 2007 National Grid plc announced the completion of the acquisition. KeySpan received a 100% rating on

86-536: A New York State utility. In October 2002, National Grid Group merged with Lattice Group , owner of the Transco gas distribution business (Lattice had demerged from BG Group in 2000). National Grid Group changed its name to National Grid Transco plc. It sold the telecoms business 186K Ltd. which was acquired as part of the merger with Lattice Group for a nominal £1 to Hutchison Whampoa in December 2002. In 2004,

129-707: A company could be prosecuted under Scots criminal law. Both Lord Hamilton and Lord Osborne discussed English criminal law as it stood at the time, especially, the House of Lords decision in Tesco Supermarkets Ltd. v Nattrass . In Nattrass , Lord Reid had adopted the "directing mind" theory of corporate liability . Lord Reid had famously noted: A living person has a mind which can have knowledge or intention or be negligent and he has hands to carry out his intentions. A corporation has none of these: it must act through living persons, though not always one or

172-618: A number of subsidiary companies. National Grid Electricity Transmission plc (until 2005, named National Grid Company) owns and maintains the National Grid , the 275kV and 400kV electricity transmission network in England and Wales . (The electricity transmission network in Scotland is owned by ScottishPower in central and southern Scotland, and SSE plc in northern Scotland). Other subsidiaries part-own (with RTE ) and operate

215-546: A possible gas leak . By the time the area was sealed off, an explosion occurred, damaging five houses in the area, including the Findlay bungalow . The Health and Safety Executive investigated the explosion, and subsequently fined Transco £15 million. Transco was also investigated by the Procurator Fiscal , Hamilton for a possible culpable homicide charge in relation to the Findlay deaths. In 2003,

258-702: A primary listing on the London Stock Exchange where it is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index , and a secondary listing in the form of its American depositary receipts on the New York Stock Exchange . Before 1990, both the generation and transmission activities in England and Wales were under the responsibility of the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB). The present electricity market in

301-641: A replacement sub-station in Wimbledon , to be completed in phases between 2018 and 2022, was their first tender to include a weighting on carbon. Laing O’Rourke was awarded the winning bid, having demonstrated plans to reduce carbon emissions by 23% along with a £3m cost saving. Their carbon saving proposal equated to taking 7,600 cars off the road for a year. As of 2019 , National Grid United States operates 8,881 miles (14,293 km) of electricity transmission and 35,560 miles (57,230 km) of gas transmission and delivers electricity and natural gas to areas of

344-682: A year in infrastructure in the United States, having increased its investments into "cleaner, greener technologies" in the previous few years. Examples of projects include an offshore wind farm in Rhode Island, and a battery storage project in Nantucket, Massachusetts. Also in 2019, the company spent $ 100 million to acquire solar and wind generation from Geronimo Energy, in partnership with Washington State Investment Board. Contract negotiations with Massachusetts gas workers represented by

387-633: A zero carbon electricity system by 2025. At the time of its announcement, National Grid was the largest energy company based in the United Kingdom to join the alliance, according to publicly available financial figures of 2018. Later in the year, the company moved ownership of its operations in the United Kingdom to Luxembourg and Hong Kong, to protect itself from Labour 's nationalisation plans. A spokesman said, "Labour's proposals for state ownership of National Grid would be highly detrimental to millions of ordinary people who either hold shares in

430-616: A £630 million buyout of its grid operation division by the government of the United Kingdom . National Grid purchased the UK's largest (by area) electricity distribution business, Western Power Distribution , from American utility company PPL in 2021. Western Power Distribution operates the electricity distribution system within the Midlands, South West and Wales, looking after the 132, 66, 33, 11, 6.6kV and LV networks comprising substations, overhead lines and underground cables. In September 2022,

473-654: The Corporate Equality Index released by the Human Rights Campaign starting in 2004, the third year of the report. The Brooklyn Union Gas Company was originally established in 1825 as the Brooklyn Gas Light Company , changing its name after a series of mergers in 1895. Rapid growth in the early 1900s prompted the company to establish a new headquarters at 180 Remsen Street. Noted Brooklyn architect Frank Freeman

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516-611: The Lord Advocate Colin Boyd charged Transco with culpable homicide and in the alternate, contravening sections 3 and 33(1) of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 . Transco challenged the culpable homicide charge on the grounds of competence and relevance . A single judge refused the challenge and Transco appealed the decision before the High Court of Justiciary , Appeal Court . Transco maintained that

559-700: The UK Parliament passed the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007 , which created the offence of "corporate homicide" in Scotland. Several companies have been prosecuted and convicted under the new law in England (where the offence is called " corporate manslaughter "). As of November 2023, there has not yet been any prosecution for "corporate homicide" in Scotland. However, there have been calls to prosecute NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde and Scottish Prison Service under

602-750: The United Steelworkers broke down in June 2018, and the company locked out more than 1,000 employees, cutting off healthcare and pay. In November 2019, the company squabbled with New York Governor Andrew Cuomo over the company's own moratorium on new natural gas hookups. Cuomo threatened "to revoke the company’s authority to operate its gas franchise in New York City and Long Island, for failing to provide customers with reliable service," according to Utility Dive . Later, in February 2020, it

645-758: The 2,000 Megawatt HVDC Cross-Channel interconnector to France, and part-own (with TenneT ) the 1,000 Megawatt BritNed HVDC interconnector to the Netherlands. National Grid Electricity System Operator (ESO) operates the electricity transmission networks in England and Wales and Scotland in its role as the transmission system operator for Great Britain, working to balance supply and demand in real time, as well as coordinating markets and auctions which ensure sufficient future supply, and exploring initiatives such as demand-side response measures to reduce peaks in electricity demand. Rulings by Ofgem in 2017 required

688-533: The British gas distribution sector were divested between 2017 and 2019 and now operate under the Cadent Gas brand. National Grid Property Portfolio houses all land, offices and depots used for National Grid operations that are surplus to requirements or let to third parties. National Grid has issued invitations to tender which include carbon savings as one of the weighted evaluation factors. Development of

731-711: The CEGB were transferred to the National Grid Company plc, which was owned by the twelve regional electricity companies (RECs) through a holding company , National Grid Group plc. The company was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in December 1995. With the beginning of the new millennium, National Grid pursued mergers and international acquisitions. In March 2000, National Grid Group acquired United States companies New England Electric System and Eastern Utilities Associates. In January 2002, National Grid Group acquired Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation ,

774-630: The ESO function to be moved to a separate subsidiary, which began trading in April 2019. In 2021, Ofgem called for the creation of a fully independent operator in view of potential conflicts of interest from NG's ownership of the transmission network, and in 2022 the UK government confirmed that a fully independent public body – the Future System Operator (FSO), covering electricity and gas – would be established. Legislative provisions enabling

817-559: The Northeast states of Massachusetts , New York , and Rhode Island . The business serves over 20 million customers in the three states and is headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts , in a 300,000-square-foot (28,000 m ) green facility . This subsidiary carries out its business through a number of subsidiary companies (all doing business as "National Grid"). The main ones are: As of 2019 , National Grid invests over $ 3.5 billion

860-463: The UK gas transmission business. These transactions are subject to shareholder and regulatory approval. Separately, the company is to commence a process to sell a majority stake in its National Grid Gas distribution network. In 2022, National Grid announced plans to divest a 60% stake in its UK gas transmission and metering business to a consortium including Macquarie Asset Management and British Columbia Investment Management Corporation . The deal

903-416: The United Kingdom was built upon the breakup of the CEGB into four separate companies in the 1990s. Its generation (or upstream) activities were transferred to three generating companies — PowerGen , National Power , and Nuclear Electric (later British Energy , eventually EDF Energy )—and its transmission (or downstream) activities to the National Grid Company. In 1990, the transmission activities of

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946-537: The United Kingdom, where it owns and operates electricity and natural gas transmission networks, and in the Northeastern United States , where as well as operating transmission networks, the company produces and supplies electricity and gas, providing both to customers in New York and Massachusetts . National Grid plc is one of the largest investor-owned utility companies in the world; it has

989-439: The acquisition of New England Gas Company, a Rhode Island subsidiary of Southern Union Company . The acquisitions of the two natural gas delivery companies doubled the size of National Grid's American subsidiary, creating the second largest utility in the United States with more than 8 million customers. The acquisition of KeySpan was completed on 24 August 2007, following government and regulatory approval and endorsement by

1032-475: The charge was incompetent and irrelevant: "incompetent" because, under Scots law , a legal person could not be convicted of homicide , and "irrelevant" because, even if the charge was competent and the prosecutor proved their allegations, it would not amount to culpable homicide by Transco. A three-judge bench of the Appeal Court was unanimous in their decisions. They held that it was competent for

1075-439: The company or through their pension funds." The Labour Party said the "rip off" move showed the grid needed to be in public hands. In March 2021, National Grid announced it intended to purchase Western Power Distribution from PPL Corporation for £7.8 billion, and sell its Rhode Island gas and electricity network, Narragansett Electric Company, to PPL for about £2.7 billion. National Grid will also sell its majority ownership of

1118-405: The company should be split up. In December 2016, National Grid agreed to sell a 61% stake in its gas distribution business to a consortium of Macquarie Infrastructure and Real Assets, Allianz Capital Partners , Hermes Investment Management , CIC Capital Corporation, Qatar Investment Authority , Dalmore Capital and Amber Infrastructure Limited, with a further 14% stake under negotiation. The sale

1161-491: The company was found liable for a gas explosion in Transco plc v HM Advocate and subsequently fined £15 million. In August 2004, National Grid Transco agreed to sell four of its regional gas distribution networks for a total cash consideration of £5.8 billion. NGT kept ownership of four other distribution networks, which make up almost half of Great Britain's gas distribution network. In July 2005, National Grid Transco

1204-611: The company was renamed to National Grid Electricity Distribution. National Grid formerly owned National Gas (previously National Grid Gas), which owns and operates the gas transmission system in Great Britain and gas metering operations in the UK. National Grid disposed of its final 20% holding in National Gas in July 2024, with the divestment expected to complete in the first quarter of 2025. National Grid's interests in

1247-600: The company, within his appropriate sphere, and his mind is the mind of the company. If it is a guilty mind then that guilt is the guilt of the company. Both opinions in Transco concluded that the developments in English law had been incorporated into Scots law. A company could be held guilty, if its "directing mind" was guilty. Transco had argued that the charge was irrelevant, because the prosecution had failed to identify any such "directing mind". The opinions agreed with Transco's relevancy argument. Transco separately appealed

1290-604: The creation of the FSO were included in the Energy Act 2023 . In January 2024, it was announced that the body taking on the system operator functions was to be a "new, independent public corporation" named the National Energy System Operator (NESO). NESO is expected to assume responsibility as transmission system operator for Great Britain from National Grid on 1 October 2024, after the latter agreed

1333-476: The decision to allow the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 charge. That appeal was refused by the Appeal Court. Transco subsequently made a third appeal, challenging other preliminary decisions made by Lord Carloway as the trial judge. It also challenged Lord Carloway's fitness to preside over the trial on the grounds of apparent bias . The Appeal Court rejected the third appeal as well. In 2007,

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1376-462: The prosecutor to charge a company with culpable homicide. However, the Court held that the way by which the prosecutor had tried to establish mens rea on the part of Transco was incorrect and that had made the charge irrelevant. Lord Hamilton and Lord Osborne gave concurring decisions . Lord MacLean did not deliver a decision, but concurred with Lord Hamilton's decision. The Court ruled that

1419-401: The same person. Then the person who acts is not speaking or acting for the company. He is acting as the company and his mind which directs his acts is the mind of the company. There is no question of the company being vicariously liable. He is not acting as a servant, representative, agent or delegate. He is an embodiment of the company or, one could say, he hears and speaks through the persona of

1462-563: The shareholders of the two companies. In May 2007, National Grid formed a joint venture with the Dutch transmission operator TenneT for a 260-kilometre (160 mi) 1,000 MW BritNed DC link between the Isle of Grain in Kent and Maasvlakte , near Rotterdam . The installation of the first section of cable link started on 11 September 2009, and the entire 260 km (160 mi) cable

1505-462: Was a public gas utility company , part of the National Grid plc . On 22 December 1999, a gas explosion at a family home in Larkhall resulted in deaths of four people, Andrew and Janette Findlay, and their children Stacey and Daryl. Transco was responsible for providing a gas connection to the Findlay house. Police officers in the area had noticed a strong smell of gas, and informed Transco of

1548-520: Was accused of manipulating energy efficiency programs and overcharging residents of Rhode Island by approximately US$ 2.2 million. Transco plc v HM Advocate Transco plc v Her Majesty's Advocate 2003 HCJAC 67 is a Scots criminal law case that involved the first Scottish prosecution of a public limited company for culpable homicide . The decision is considered significant in Scots law on corporate criminal liability . Transco

1591-521: Was commissioned to design the new headquarters, which was built in 1914. In 1962, a new 13-story headquarters was built at 195 Montague Street. The headquarters was relocated to One MetroTech Center circa 1990. At some point it had 3,651 Employees and nearly $ 1 billion in sales. National Grid USA National Grid plc is a British multinational electricity and gas utility company headquartered in London, England. Its principal activities are in

1634-549: Was completed in October 2010. The interconnection became operational on 1 April 2011, and by January 2012, electricity flow had mostly been from the Netherlands to the United Kingdom. The BritNed interconnection would serve as a vital link for the foreseeable European super grid project. In the spring of 2011, National Grid sold off its services in New Hampshire , after their request to increase gas and electric rates

1677-451: Was completed on 31 January 2023, forming a new entity named National Gas. The deal was worth around £2.2 billion for National Grid. In July 2023, it was announced that Macquarie acquired a further 20% stake in National Gas, taking its holding to 80%, in a deal worth a further £700 million. The Macquarie-led consortium has the option to buy the final 20% of the company on comparable terms between May and July next year. National Grid plc has

1720-633: Was completed on 31 March 2017, following clearance by the European Commission , and the resulting company was named Cadent Gas . National Grid disposed of its remaining 39% holding in Cadent Gas in June 2019. In July 2019, National Grid's Electricity System Operator arm, separately from its Electricity Transmission arm, announced its intent to join the Powering Past Coal Alliance , furthering its goal of becoming

1763-629: Was denied. In November 2015, it was announced that Steve Holliday , the CEO for ten years, would leave in March 2016 and that John Pettigrew , its executive director who joined National Grid twenty five years earlier, would succeed him. In June 2016, the Energy Select Committee argued that the company faced too many conflicts of interest, particularly with regard to its ownership of international interconnectors. The committee proposed that

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1806-461: Was discovered that the company was constructing a new natural gas transmission line in Brooklyn from Brownsville to Greenpoint. Local activists have pushed back on the project questioning its necessity, safety, additional cost to customers and noting how it will work against the recently enacted New York State Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act. In the years 2012 to 2020, National Grid

1849-432: Was renamed National Grid plc. On 26 July 2005, National Grid Company was renamed National Grid Electricity Transmission plc, and on 10 October 2005, Transco was renamed National Grid Gas plc. In February 2006, National Grid announced that it had agreed to buy KeySpan Corporation, a gas distributor and electricity producer in the United States, for $ 7.3bn (£4.1bn) in cash. Around the same time, National Grid also announced

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