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36-549: The villages of Chrastová Lhota, Moravská Chrastová and Podlesí are administrative parts of Brněnec. Brněnec is located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Svitavy and 45 km (28 mi) north of Brno . It lies in the Svitavy Uplands . The highest point is at 555 m (1,821 ft) above sea level. The municipality is situated at the confluence of the Svitava River and the stream Chrastovský potok;

72-602: A German-speaking town with a Czech minority. At the beginning of the 20th century the town saw tensions between Czech and German speaking people. In October 1938, the town was annexed by Nazi Germany and administered as part of the Reichsgau Sudetenland . After the end of World War II in 1945, the German population was expelled as a result of the Beneš decrees . After 1945, the town was resettled by immigrants from

108-756: Is twinned with: Litomy%C5%A1l Litomyšl ( [ˈlɪtomɪʃl̩] ; German : Leitomischl ) is a town in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic . It has about 10,000 inhabitants. It is a former bishopric and Latin Catholic titular see . Litomyšl is known for the château -type castle complex of the Litomyšl Castle , which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . The historic town centre with

144-471: Is a town in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic . It has about 16,000 inhabitants. It is the birthplace of Oskar Schindler and the centre of the Czech Esperanto movement. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone . Svitavy is made up of the town parts of Lačnov, Lány, Město and Předměstí. Svitavy was named after

180-528: Is considered to be the year of foundation of the town. In 1389, the town walls were built. They protected the town during the Hussite Wars , however the town was conquered. Svitavy often changed owners. In the 16th century, the town flourished economically. The prosperity was interrupted by the Thirty Years' War . In 1645, the town was looted. In 1781, a large fire destroyed most of the town. During

216-636: Is from 981. It is a record in Chronica Boemorum mentioning death of Duke Slavník . Litomyšl was originally a protective fortified settlement of the Slavník dynasty principality on a significant trade route from Bohemia to Moravia . In 1259, Litomyšl was promoted to a town by King Ottokar II of Bohemia . During the following centuries the town was owned by various noble families: Kostka of Postupice, Pernštejn , Trauttmansdorff, Waldstein-Wartemberg and last Thurn und Taxis . The Litomyšl Castle

252-435: Is located about 16 kilometres (10 mi) northwest of Svitavy and 41 km (25 mi) southeast of Pardubice . It lies in the Svitavy Uplands . The highest point is at 558 m (1,831 ft) above sea level. The Loučná River flows through the town. There are several fishponds in the municipal territory; the largest of them is Velký Košíř, located northwest of the town proper. The first written mention of Litomyšl

288-692: Is located on the railway line heading from Brno to Česká Třebová . The most important monument is the Evangelical church in Moravská Chrastová. It was built in the Arts and Crafts style in 1889. Other sights include the Chapel of Saint Isidore in Moravská Chrastová from 1855 and a belfry in Brněnec. Svitavy Svitavy ( Czech pronunciation: [ˈsvɪtavɪ] ; German : Zwittau )

324-534: Is now located in the building. Ottendorfer House is a red-brick historicist building with a tower, it is one of the symbols of the town, built in 1892 by the local native Oswald Ottendorfer on the site of his birthplace. It originally housed the largest public and most modern German-language library in Moravia, later a town cultural centre. Since 2008 the Esperanto Museum and a tea room are located on

360-484: Is the Litomyšl Castle , one of the largest Renaissance castles. The buildings of the castle precincts are exceptional for their architectural refinement . The castle complex also includes the birthplace of Bedřich Smetana, carriage house, stables, riding school, castle brewery, castle park and French-style garden. The castle complex was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1999. Neyt to

396-588: The Czechoslovak Individual Speedway Championship from 1967 to 1973 and continues to hold qualifying races for the event. Svitavy has a valuable historical core. Its centre includes the almost 500 metres (1,600 ft) long main square with architecturally noteworthy civic buildings, which is the 4th longest square in the Czech Republic and has the 2nd longest arcade in the country. The Renaissance houses from

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432-578: The Svojanov estate from 1557. Until the 18th century, it was a part of Bělá nad Svitavou . After the Löw-Beer family founded here a textile factory, the importance of Brněnec grew. In 1938, the municipality was annexed by Nazi Germany and administered as part of Reichsgau Sudetenland . After World War II, the Germans were expelled . The Löw-Beer Jewish family founded a textile producing company in

468-559: The 16th century were reconstructed in the Baroque style after the fire in 1781. In the middle of the square is a Baroque Marian column from 1703. The column is surrounded by the three patron saints of the town – St. Sebastian, St. Florian and St. John of Nepomuk. In the grotto of the column there is a statue of St. Rosalie. On the square there is also the Fountain of St. Florian from 1783. The town walls from 1389 were demolished during

504-403: The 1810s, and in 1855 rebuilt an old paper mill in Brněnec into the textile factory. In 1938, it was taken over by Germans. In 1944, Oskar Schindler relocated his German Enamelware Factory and the associated prison camp of 1,200 Jewish forced labourers from Kraków to a munitions factory acquired by him in Brněnec. The Jewish workforce thus escaped transport to the extermination camps and

540-481: The 19th century. A semi-circular bastion is the only remnant. Old Town Hall is originally a Renaissance building with a tower, extensively rebuilt after the fire of 1781 and again in 1849. It served as the town hall until 1933 and now it is used for commercial purposes. The adjacent Renaissance "U Mouřenína" House is one of the oldest preserved burgher house in Svitavy, built in 1554. The tourist information centre

576-641: The Broque style in 1626–1636. Church of Saint Joseph is a three-nave Neo-Romanesque basilica built in 1894–1896 with valuable decoration. Today the building is owned by a hospital. Convent of the Sisters of Grace of the St. Vincent de Paul order, founded in 1871, served as a hospital and later became a social care facility. It include the Neo-Gothic Chapel of Saint Vincent de Paul from 1874. Svitavy

612-645: The Czech Republic as it is located on the Prague – Brno railway line. It also lies on a line of local importance from Česká Třebová to Skuteč . The town has an intercity bus station with services to various destinations. Two first class roads cross just north of Svitavy, the I/43 road (part of the European route E461 ), which connects the town with Brno, and the I/35 road (part of the European route E442 ), which replaces

648-470: The Napoleonic and Austro-Prussian wars, the town suffered as armies passed through the town. In 1849, the railway was built, which contributed to the development of the town, especially the textile industry. Gradually, over a hundred textile factories were established. Svitavy has retained its industrial character to this day, although the structure has changed significantly. Svitavy was historically

684-560: The basketball club Tuři Svitavy . Until the relegation in 2024, it played in the National Basketball League (top Czech league). The Svitavský stadion hosts football and athletics. The town is home to the football club TJ Svitavy, which plays in lower amateur tiers. Motorcycle speedway is held in the western outskirts of the town at the Areál Chihelna Svitavy. The stadium held a final round of

720-468: The built-up area is located in the valleys of these two watercourses. The Svitava River forms here the historical border between Bohemia and Moravia . Next to an old trade route, the settlement of Moravská Chrastová was founded after 1200 by monks from the monastery in Litomyšl . Moravská Chrastová was first mentioned in a document from 1323. The first written mention of Brněnec is in the act of partition of

756-483: The castle complex is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument reservation . Litomyšl is made up of the town parts of Lány, Litomyšl-město, Nedošín, Zahájí and Záhradí, and the villages of Kornice , Nová Ves u Litomyšle, Pazucha, Pohodlí and Suchá. Nová Ves u Litomyšle and Pohodlí form an exclave of the municipal territory. The name is derived from the personal name Litomysl (in old Czech written as Ľutomysl), meaning "Litomysl's (castle)". Litomyšl

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792-778: The castle is the Piarist college with the seat of members of the order, the Church of the Finding the Holy Cross and adjacent monastery gardens. Today the gardens serve as a town park. The gardens include sculptures by Olbram Zoubek . On the elongated square, which is almost 500 metres (1,600 ft) long and one of the largest in Central Europe , is a town hall of Gothic origin and series of Renaissance and Baroque houses, many with arcades and vaulted ground floor rooms. One of

828-457: The colonization by Premonstratensian monks from nearby Litomyšl around 1150. They built the Church of Saint Giles and founded a settlement called Stará Svitava near an old trade route. During the second wave of colonization in around 1250, mostly German-speaking settlers came and founded another settlement called Nová Svitava. Svitavy was first mentioned in 1256 when it was taken over by the bishop of Olomouc , Bruno von Schauenburg , and this year

864-571: The cultural and educational centre. Until 1918, Leitomischl – Litomyšl was a part of Austria-Hungary , head of the district with the same name, one of the 94 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Bohemia. Existence of the Jewish community is documented at least from the late 16th century. During the Holocaust , in 1942, the last families were deported. Litomyšl had a German-speaking community until it

900-541: The ground floor, the ornate hall on the floor above continues to serve as a concert hall. Langer's Villa houses the present town hall. It is historicist building with rich stucco ornamentation, built in 1892. It was designed by architect Germano Wanderley, who also designed the Ottendorfer House. The house belonged to one of the richest families in Svitavy, local businesspeople. During the Depression, it

936-925: The name of the composer Bedřich Smetana , who is the most famous local native. There is an extensive permanent exhibition of Olbram Zoubek 's sculptures and art in Litomyšl Castle Vault Gallery. Until the late 19th century, the Litomyšl area had its own unique variety of the Czech language . This variety, named Teták by linguist Henning Andersen (after its word for "five", /tet/, as opposed to Standard Czech pět /pjet/), underwent an unusual sound change : bilabial consonants (/p/, /b/, /m/) became alveolars (/t/, /d/, /n/) before front vowels . Examples are /tekɲe/ ('nicely'; Standard Czech pěkně ), /diːlej/ ('white'; Standard Czech bílý ) and /nesto/ ('town'; Standard Czech město ). The main landmark of Litomyšl

972-495: The river Svitava . The river's name referred to its clear water and was derived from svítat , which meant "be clear" in Old Czech. Svitavy is located about 57 kilometres (35 mi) southeast of Pardubice and 60 km (37 mi) north of Brno . It lies in the Svitavy Uplands . The highest point is at 475 metres (1,558 ft) above sea level. The Svitava River originates in the municipal territory and flows through

1008-467: The town. Apart from a few small bodies of water, there are two significant fish ponds on the Svitava near the town, Svitavský and Rosnička. They are the remains of the original eleven water works around the town. Rosnička was founded in the first half of the 16th century and Svitavský was established in 1953. In addition to fish farming, they form a suburban recreational area. Svitavy was founded during

1044-647: The unfinished section of the D35 motorway from Olomouc to the Hradec Králové Region . The Czech Esperanto Association is based in the town. It is a follower of several clubs from the first half of the 20th century, re-established in 1969. It co-organizes regional Esperanto meetings, organizes Children's Days, and manages the Esperanto Museum in Svitavy . Since 2011, Svitavy hosts the annual music festival Rosnička. The Town Museum and Gallery

1080-410: The whole Czechoslovakia . There are no major companies based in the town, only middle-sized employers. The largest employers in Svitavy with more than 250 employees are Fibertex Nonwovens (manufacturer and processor of industrial textiles) and Westrock Packaging Systems Svitavy (producer of cardboard packaging). Svitavy is a transport hub of the area. It is well-connected by rail to other parts of

1116-436: Was expelled in 1945 as a result of the Beneš decrees . The I/35 road (the section from Hradec Králové to Svitavy , part of the European route E442 ) passes through the town. Litomyšl is the starting point of the railway line of local importance heading to Choceň . The town is served by three train stations and stops. Since 1946, the town hosts Smetanova Litomyšl , a large annual festival of classical music. It bears

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1152-537: Was built in 1568–1581 by the Pernštejns. From 30 April 1344 till its suppression in 1474 the town was the seat of the Latin Catholic Diocese of Leitomischl until its territory was merged back into the (meanwhile Metropolitan Arch) Diocese of Prague . In 1970 it was nominally restored as titular see . In the 19th century, Litomyšl ceased to be the main economical centre of the region, but remained

1188-466: Was founded in 1894 and it is based in its current premises since 1947. It includes permanent exhibition "From the History of Washing Technology" and an exhibition about the life of local native Oskar Schindler . The multifunctional cultural centre Fabrika was created by reconstruction of a former textile factory from 1926. It is a social centre with a theatre hall and a library. Svitavy is known for

1224-648: Was liberated along with the rest of the municipality on 10 May 1945 by the Red Army , after the factory had been fully operational for seven months. As of 2016, the Endowment Fund for the Memorial of the Shoah and Oskar Schindler is engaged in turning the ruins of the factory into a museum. The I/43 road (part of the European route E461 ) from Brno to Svitavy passes through the municipality. Moravská Chrastová

1260-439: Was probably originally a Romanesque structure built in around 1250. After the fire in 1781, it was rebuilt in the Baroque style. It has an accessible tower with a panoramic view. Church of Saint Giles was originally a Romanesque basilica built in around 1150. It was rebuilt in the early Baroque style in 1689 and includes preserved original interior equipment. In the vicinity is the valuable Roman Catholic parish house, rebuilt in

1296-650: Was rented out to the town treasury, which in turn in 1933 rented the house to the town authorities, who bought the house and transferred the town hall to it. Budig's Villa was built in German Renaissance style in 1892 for the former mayor and businessman Johann Budig. Nowadays houses the Town Museum and Gallery. Church of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary is located on the main square. It

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