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19-508: The first Burid ruler, Toghtekin , began as a servant to the Seljuk ruler of Damascus, Duqaq . Following Duqaq's death in 1104, he seized the city for himself. The dynasty was named after Toghtekin's son, Taj al-Muluk Buri . The Burids gained recognition from the Abbasid caliphate in return for considerable gifts. In return, the caliphate did not interfere in the emirate. The Burids ruled

38-525: A "knight ... of noble blood, from the castle of Basilcas in Soissons ". Albert of Aix referred to Gervase as "a famous and very noble man who was born in the realm of western France ". Gervase's brother Hugh was lord of Bazoches-sur-Vesles , a village near Soissons. They were related to the lords of Milly. Gervase was the advocate of the church in Mont-Notre-Dame before he settled in

57-641: The Franks too powerful, he visited Baghdad to obtain a pardon from the sultan, though never forgetting to remain independent himself between the two main forces. Allied with Ilghazi , emir of Aleppo , he attacked Athareb in the Principality of Antioch , but was defeated at the Battle of Hab on August 14, 1119. In the June of the following year he sent help to Ilghazi, who was again under peril of annihilation in

76-542: The Galilean fortress of Toron while Toghtekin , the atabeg of Damascus, raided the region of Tiberias , but they could not do much harm. Baldwin and Toghtekin's envoys signed an armistice, temporarily ending the Muslim raids against Galilee. Toghtekin again invaded Galilee, and captured Gervase and his retainers outside Tiberias in early 1108. He demanded Acre , Haifa , and Tiberias as their ransom from Baldwin, who

95-586: The Holy Land. Gervase became an important member of the royal court in the Kingdom of Jerusalem . He witnessed one of the charters of Baldwin I of Jerusalem as Gervasius dapifer (or senechal) in 1104. After Hugh of Fauquembergues , Prince of Galilee, was ambushed and killed during a pillaging raid in late 1105 or early 1106, the king conferred Galilee on Gervase. In 1106, the Muslims of Tyre attacked

114-639: The Principality of Antioch with Bursuqi, but again with no results. Toghtekin died in 1128. He was succeeded by his son Buri. In the Old French Crusade cycle chansons de geste , Toghtekin is known as "Dodequin". Gervaise of Bazoches Gervase of Bazoches , who is also known as Gervaise (died in Damascus in May 1108), was Prince of Galilee from 1105/1106 until his death. He

133-459: The brother of Duqaq, Irtash , named emir, but soon afterward he had him exiled. Irtash, with the support of Aytekin al-Halabi, the emir of Bosra , tried to reconquer Damascus, but was pushed back by Toghtekin and forced to find help at the court of King Baldwin I of Jerusalem . Around 1106, Toghtekin intervened to momentarily raise the siege of Tripoli by the Crusaders, but could not prevent

152-876: The city until 1154, when it was taken by the ruler of Aleppo , Nur ed-Din , founder of the Zengid dynasty. The Burids lost to the Crusaders in the battle of Marj al-Saffar (1126) but were able to prevent the Second Crusade from capturing Damascus . This Middle Eastern history –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Toghtekin of Damascus Zahir al-Din Toghtekin or Tughtekin (Modern Turkish : Tuğtekin ; Arabicised epithet: ظاهر الدين طغتكين Zahir ad-Din Tughtikin ; died February 12, 1128), also spelled Tughtegin ,

171-483: The deed. In 1114, he signed an alliance against the Franks with the new emir of Aleppo , Alp Arslān al-Akhras , but the latter was murdered a short time later by his atabeg Luʾluʾ al-Yaya . In 1115, Toghtekin decided to ally himself with the Kingdom of Jerusalem against the Seljuk general Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi , who had been sent by the Seljuk sultan Muhammad I Tapar to fight the Crusaders. The following year, judging

190-474: The definitive capture of the city. In May 1108 he was able to defeat a small Christian force under Gervaise of Bazoches , lord of Galilee . Gervaise was proposed to be freed in exchange for his possession, but he refused and was executed. In April 1110, Toghtekin besieged and captured Baalbek and named his son Buri as governor, replacing al-Taj Gümüshtegin . Late in November 1111, the town of Tyre , which

209-476: The ravages of Baldwin I and Tancred of Antioch . Their army besieged Tiberias , but they were unable to conquer it despite a sound victory at the Battle of Al-Sannabra in 1113 and they were forced to retreat to Damascus when Christian reinforcements arrived and supplies began to run out. During his sojourn in the city, Mawdud was killed by the Assassins on October 2, 1113. The inhabitants accused Toghtekin of

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228-744: The same place. In 1122 the Fatimids, no longer able to defend Tyre, sold it to Toghtekin, who installed a garrison there, but the garrison was unable to prevent its capture by the Franks on July 7, 1124. In 1125, al-Bursuqi, now in control of Aleppo, appeared in the Antiochean territory with a large army which Toghtekin joined; however, the two were defeated at the Battle of Azaz on June 11, 1125. The following January Toghtekin also had to repel an invasion by Baldwin II of Jerusalem . In late 1126 he again invaded

247-441: Was besieged by Baldwin's troops, put itself under Toghtekin's protection. Toghtekin, supported by Fatimid forces, intervened, forcing the Franks to raise the siege on April 10, 1112; however, he refused to take part in the anti-Crusade effort launched by Mawdud of Mosul, fearing that the latter could take advantage of it to gain rule over the whole of Syria. Nonetheless, the next year the two Muslim commanders allied in reply to

266-478: Was a Turkoman military leader, who was emir of Damascus from 1104 to 1128. He was the founder of the Burid dynasty of Damascus . Toghtekin was a junior officer to Tutush I , Seljuq emir of Damascus and Syria. After the former's death in 1095, civil war erupted, and Toghtekin supported Tutush's son Duqaq as emir of the city against Ridwan , the emir of Aleppo . In the chaotic years which ensued Toghtekin

285-504: Was born into a French noble family but migrated to the Holy Land , where King Baldwin I of Jerusalem made him senechal in the early 1100s and appointed him prince of Galilee in 1105/1106. Gervase was captured during a raid by Toghtekin , atabeg of Damascus, who had Gervase executed after Baldwin I refused to surrender three important towns in exchange for Gervase's release. The contemporaneous Guibert of Nogent described Gervase as

304-443: Was forced to retreat. Another relief attempt was made by a joint force under Kerbogha , the atabeg of Mosul , and Toghtekin, which was also crushed by the Crusaders on June 28, 1098. When the Crusaders moved southwards from the newly conquered Antioch, the qadi of Jebleh sold his town to Duqaq, who installed Toghtekin's son, Taj al-Muluk Buri as its ruler. His tyrannical rule, however, led to his quick downfall. In 1103, Toghtekin

323-508: Was only willing to pay a large sum of money. Outraged by the king's answer, Toghtekin ordered Gervase be executed in Damascus in May. On Toghtekin's order, his soldiers tied Gervase to a tree and shot arrows at him until he died. His scalp was put on a pole to be carried before Toghtekin's army and his skull was made into a goblet for Toghtekin. After Gervase's death, Baldwin granted the title Prince of Galilee to Tancred , who had held

342-422: Was sent by Duqaq to take possession of Homs at the request of its inhabitants, after the emir Janah al-Dawla had been murdered by Assassins by order of Ridwan. The following year Duqaq died and Toghtekin, now acting as regent and de facto ruler, had the former's junior son Tutush II proclaimed emir, while he married Duqaq's widow and reserved for himself the title of atabeg. After deposing Tutush II he had

361-461: Was sent to reconquer the town of Jebleh , which had rebelled against the qadi of Tripoli , but he was unable to accomplish his task. On October 21, 1097, a Crusader army began the siege of Antioch . The local emir, Yaghi-Siyan , though nominally under Ridwan's suzerainty, appealed to Duqaq to send an armed force to their rescue. Duqaq sent Toghtekin, but on December 31, 1097, he was defeated by Bohemund of Taranto and Robert II of Flanders , and

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