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64-668: Paul Terrell started the Byte Shop in Mountain View, California in December 1975. By January, he was approached by individuals who wanted to open their own stores. He signed dealership agreements with them, whereby he would take a percentage of their profits, and soon there were Byte Shops in Hayward , Santa Clara , San Jose , Palo Alto , Fresno , and Portland , Oregon . In March 1976, Terrell incorporated as Byte, Inc. and

128-641: A Roman Catholic secondary school ; German International School of Silicon Valley (GISSV), a PK-12 German-English bilingual international school; and Yew Chung International School of Silicon Valley , a PK-8 Chinese-English bilingual international school. Mountain View has one central public library, the Mountain View Public Library, which has video, music, books, and access to the Internet. The library provides outreach services through

192-569: A warm-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen climate classification Csb : dry-summer subtropical). Summers are warm and dry, while winters are cool and wet. However, both summers and winters are somewhat moderated due to its relative proximity to the Pacific, although it has a lesser maritime influence than San Francisco further north on the peninsula. Mountain View is one of the major cities that make up Silicon Valley , and has many notable Silicon Valley companies either headquartered there or with

256-399: A better profit margin than could be achieved by just distributing the computers of the other computer manufacturers at the time. In 1977, Terrell sold his chain of 58 Byte Shops to John Peers of Logical Machine Corporation . Many of the original Byte Shop dealers eventually became independent as the personal computer marketplace grew and became segmented by the various uses and applications

320-636: A circuit for preaching, going by horseback to Half-Moon Bay and McCarthysville for services. Later that year, Seligman Weilheimer and his brother Samuel immigrated from Dossenheim, Baden, Germany . They settled on the next plot, and in 1856 built the first big general merchandise store in the settlement. William Bubb bought 80 acres (32 ha) to farm in October 1851; he became a leader in town and died there in 1864. His heirs' descendants prospered, marrying into other pioneer families. The U.S. Navy's adjacent 1,000-acre (4.0 km ) Moffett Field Complex

384-449: A female householder with no husband present, 1,253 (3.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,928 (6.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 280 (0.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 10,961 households (34.3%) were made up of individuals, and 2,471 (7.7%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31. There were 17,515 families (54.8% of all households);

448-670: A large presence. As of 2024, major tech companies such as Google and Intuit were headquartered in Mountain View. In 2018, the comparison site CareerBliss ranked the city number 1 in the United States on its list of Happiest Cities to Work for 2018. After voting to increase the minimum wage incrementally in 2015, in December 2017, the Mountain View City Council implemented a mandatory $ 15 minimum wage, to apply to employees who work two or more hours

512-482: A list of hazardous waste sites in the United States eligible for long-term remedial action financed under the federal Superfund program. The sites were formerly used by companies including Fairchild Semiconductor , Intel , Raytheon , CTS Printex Inc., Spectra-Physics, Jasco Chemical, GTE and Teledyne . These seven sites make up a portion of the 22 NPL sites in Santa Clara County, which are included in

576-519: A long-term lease to it and other technology companies. As of 2014, those leases generate over $ 5 million per year in city revenue. The Castro Street downtown area also benefited from a special tax district. In 2016, the city's voters approved a rent control ordinance. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 12.236 square miles (31.69 km ), of which 11.958 square miles (30.97 km )

640-459: A male population of 52.2 percent. Persons under five were 6.4 percent, persons under 18 were 20.3 percent, and persons aged 65 and older were 11.1 percent in 2020. In 2022, 5.4 percent of people in Mountain View were living below the poverty line. Of the citizens over the age of sixteen, 72.9 percent were employed in the labor force, while 27.1 percent were not. As of the 2010 census , there were 74,066 people, _ households, and _ families residing in

704-739: A multibillion-dollar industry. Mountain View, California Mountain View is a city in Santa Clara County , California , United States , part of the San Francisco Bay Area . Named for its views of the Santa Cruz Mountains , the population was 82,376 at the 2020 census . Mountain View was integral to the early history and growth of Silicon Valley , and is the location of many high technology companies. In 1956, William Shockley established Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory in Mountain View,

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768-662: A number of Council Advisory Bodies Archived October 8, 2019, at the Wayback Machine , which provide input on a range of city matters pertaining to development, land use and historical preservation. The Mountain View Fire Department maintains five stations, and is responsible for fire protection and emergency medical services. The Mountain View Police Department maintains patrol, traffic enforcement, detective, K9 and SWAT services for

832-576: A week. At the start of 2018, Mountain View raised its minimum wage to $ 15. Starting on January 1, 2019, the minimum wage was to be "adjusted annually based on the San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose regional Consumer Price Index." A proposal to slow down the rate of the wage increases by a year was defeated in a City Council meeting on December 4, 2018. Subsequently, on December 30, 2018, it was announced that Mountain View's minimum wage would rise to $ 15.65 on January 1, 2019, with

896-569: Is land and 0.278 square miles (0.72 km ) (2.26%) is water. The city borders Palo Alto and the San Francisco Bay to the north, Los Altos to the south, and Moffett Federal Airfield and Sunnyvale to the east. Mountain View is located in the south-eastern and south-western section of the San Francisco Peninsula, at the north end of State Route 85 , where it meets U.S. Route 101 . State Route 82 follows

960-527: Is the transit center for the city, connecting the public commuter rail, light rail, bus, and private shuttle systems. It is one of the busiest transit centers in the county, behind Milpitas, Palo Alto and San Jose. Mountain View is served by the Caltrain commuter rail system, which runs from San Francisco to Gilroy . The two Caltrain stations in the city are the Mountain View Station and

1024-527: The 23rd Assembly District , represented by Democrat Marc Berman . In the United States House of Representatives , Mountain View is in California's 16th congressional district , represented by Democrat Anna Eshoo . Mountain View is represented by a 7-member council elected at-large. The mayor is a council member appointed by their peers each year. The City Council maintains

1088-581: The Mercury News reported that Mountain View had seen RVs and recreational vehicles become the choice of residence for many working poor in the city. The city's communications coordinator called it a "new" situation, noting that many of the residents living in RVs were working up to three jobs, and that affordable housing was hard to come by in the city. In December 2017, Google received approval to build nearly 10,000 new units of housing near its future campus in

1152-972: The Mountain View-Whisman School District . Springer Elementary, although located within the borders of Mountain View, is governed by the Los Altos School District . The public high schools are governed by the Mountain View-Los Altos Union High School District and consist of Alta Vista High School , Mountain View High School , and Los Altos High School . Mountain View High and Los Altos High each contain approximately 50% Los Altos residents and 50% Mountain View residents. Some Mountain View residents attend Almond Elementary and Egan Junior High in

1216-482: The San Antonio Station . Caltrain provides all classes of service in Mountain View, with Baby Bullet trains stopping at the main downtown station. Teleac (broadcaster) NTR is a Dutch public-service broadcaster, supplying television and radio programming of an informational, educational, and cultural nature to the national public broadcasting system, Nederlandse Publieke Omroep (NPO). NTR

1280-657: The Diablo Range to the south-east, form the Santa Clara Valley . Most of Mountain View consists of residential neighborhoods. Business parks are located mostly in the North Shoreline neighborhood, north of Highway 101. The Blossom Valley neighborhood comprises five smaller neighborhoods: Springer Meadows, Varsity Park, Blossom Valley Estates, Springer Trees, and Gest Ranch subdivision known as Miramonte Oaks which borders Los Altos. This would be one of

1344-600: The Exidy Sorcerer for the course Microprocessors. The main importer, Compudata later Tulip Computers , licensed the computer and sold it under their own name until 1983. Exidy licensed the Sorcerer computer and its software to a Texas-based startup called Dynasty Computer Corporation in 1979. It was relabeled and sold by Dynasty as the Dynasty Smart-Alec. Paul Terrell started ComputerMania Inc. which

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1408-646: The Los Altos School District. Mountain View taxed a large portion of its most valuable commercial and industrial properties in the Shoreline Regional Park Community at very low relative levels, and until the creation of a joint-powers agreement (JPA) in 2006, none of those property taxes reached the local schools. After the creation of the JPA, the Shoreline Regional Park Community shared less than $ 1 million per year with

1472-529: The PC was developing. Hobby computer stores were becoming business centers and IBM was entering the market with a computer of its own which over time would become the standard in the industry. Byte Shops of Arizona became MicroAge Computers and developed into a major national distributor as well as having its own chain of stores. Byte Shop Northwest dominated its geographical area and was acquired by Pacific Bell in 1985 when they elected to get into computer stores. He

1536-488: The Santa Cruz Mountains and the shores of the southern San Francisco Bay once supported multiple villages of the indigenous Ohlone people . Spanish missionaries utilized the land for sheep pastures. The Mexican land grant of Rancho Pastoria de las Borregas was given in 1842 by Alta California Governor Juan Alvarado to Francisco Estrada. This grant was later passed on to Mariano Castro, who sold half of

1600-419: The age of 18 living with them, 40.0% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 49.1% were non-families. 35.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.97. In the city, the population was spread out, with 18.0% under

1664-462: The age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 43.4% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.9 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 69,362, and the median income for a family was $ 80,379. Males had a median income of $ 64,585 versus $ 44,358 for females. The per capita income for

1728-652: The average family size was 3.01. The population was spread out, with 14,594 people (19.7%) under the age of 18, 5,401 people (7.3%) aged 18 to 24, 28,577 people (38.6%) aged 25 to 44, 17,647 people (23.8%) aged 45 to 64, and 7,846 people (10.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.5 males. There were 33,881 housing units at an average density of 2,760.6 units per square mile (1,065.9 units/km ), of which 13,332 (41.7%) were owner-occupied, and 18,625 (58.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate

1792-591: The bookmobile and S.O.S. volunteer program to those in Mountain View who are unable to come to the main branch. The building was built in 1997. The second floor of the library has a special collection in a room devoted to the history of Mountain View, which features a portrait of Crisanto Castro, for whom the major downtown thoroughfare is named. Displayed outside the library is a piece of the Berlin Wall , installed in 2013. The Downtown Mountain View Station

1856-458: The broadcasting system, including abolition of the NPS by 2007. The proposal was met with fierce resistance from many viewers and listeners, given the dedicated and fairly sizeable audience for the NPS's output. The idea was that other broadcasters would take over the type of programming that the NPS had previously provided. There was little confidence among viewers, however, that this would happen. It

1920-412: The city was $ 39,693. About 3.6% of families and 6.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 7.2% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over. Mountain View has a council-manager government system. An executive city manager is in charge of several departments, while the city council, supported by several boards, commissions, and committees, is the legislature responsible for

1984-649: The city was the base of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (now the NASA Ames Research Center), which had a strong influence on the development of aerospace and electronics industries. Today, high technology is the foundation of the local economy. Few remnants are visible of the city's agricultural past. In 1990, Kevin Duggan began his position as city manager. He built a relationship with Google, Inc., and issued

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2048-591: The city, and participates in several task forces, including the Regional Allied Computer Crime Task Force (REACT) and the Regional Auto Theft Task Force (RAATF). Mountain View is served by a mix of public and private schools. The public elementary (Bubb, Castro, Imai, Landels, Mistral , Monta Loma , Stevenson, Theuerkauf, and Vargas) and middle schools (Crittenden and Graham) are governed by

2112-590: The city. As of the 2000 census , there were 70,708 people, 31,242 households, and 15,902 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,263.7/km (5,863/sq mi). There were 32,432 housing units at an average density of 1,038.3/km (2,689/sq mi). The racial makeup of the city was 63.77% White , 20.67% Asian , 18.26% Hispanic or Latino (of any race), 2.53% African American , 0.39% Native American , 0.26% Pacific Islander , 8.32% from other races , and 4.07% from two or more races. There were 31,242 households, out of which 23.3% had children under

2176-411: The city. The population density was 6,174.6 inhabitants per square mile (2,384.0/km ). There were 34,136 housing units. 145 (0.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 120 (0.2%) were institutionalized. There were 31,957 households, out of which 8,731 (27.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 13,806 (43.2%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 2,456 (7.7%) had

2240-763: The company's video game background; however, the characters it displayed were programmable by the user. The Sorcerer made its debut at the Long Beach Computer Show in April 1978 at $ 895 and generated a 4,000 unit back-log on introduction. The system was never very popular in North America, but found a following in Australia and Europe, notably the Netherlands where the Teleac (broadcaster) used

2304-428: The computers in that time frame, collect my money from Terrell at the Byte Shop and pay you." The credit manager called Paul Terrell and verified the validity of the purchase order. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak and their small team spent day and night building and testing the computers and delivered to Terrell on time to pay his suppliers and have a profit left over for their celebration and next order. Terrell grew

2368-462: The elementary and high school districts. In 2008, a citizen-supported parcel tax, largely aimed at reducing class sizes, was renewed in an overwhelmingly positive vote. The current ratio of students to full-time-equivalent teachers in the Mountain View public elementary schools is 20.4 : 1. Notable private schools in Mountain View include: Khan Lab School , a laboratory school associated with Khan Academy ; Saint Francis High School ,

2432-462: The enterprise from the first company-owned store in Mountain View, California into a chain of dealerships initially, and eventually into a franchise operation that reached from the United States to Japan. Byte, Inc. was not only involved in the expansion of its retail chain of stores but began a manufacturing operation to build its own proprietary BYT-8 Computer which was provided only to the Byte Shop stores. This gave both Byte Inc. and its Byte Shops

2496-481: The first company to develop silicon semiconductor devices in Silicon Valley. Mountain View houses the headquarters of many of the world's largest technology companies, including Google and Alphabet Inc. , Unicode Consortium , Intuit , NASA Ames Research Center, and former or existing headquarters for Microsoft , Symantec , 23andMe , LinkedIn , Samsung , Quora and Synopsys . The fertile land between

2560-525: The increase delayed by one year for companies with 25 or fewer employees. As of January 2024, the minimum wage in Mountain View is $ 18.75 per hour. According to the city's 2023 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the largest employers in the city are: Due to its history as a center for semiconductor manufacturing, Mountain View has seven sites on the Environmental Protection Agency 's Final National Priorities List (NPL),

2624-571: The individual associations. A new programming quota was outlined in which the associations were required to produce: The NOS , which had produced such programming in addition to its core news output, was to be split in half, and pass those duties on to a newly created public broadcaster. The split was confirmed with the launch of the Nederlandse Programma Stichting (NPS) on 1 January 1995. In mid-2005, Jan Peter Balkenende's second cabinet presented plans to renovate

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2688-418: The internal expansion system common to other S-100 systems. It made do with an S-100 expansion card-edge that could connect to an external S-100 expansion cage. The Sorcerer also featured an advanced (for the era) text display that was capable of 64 characters per line, when most systems supported only 40 characters. The Sorcerer did not support sound, color, or in some respects, graphics, which seems at odds with

2752-512: The land to Martin Murphy Jr. Eventually, the former land grant was developed as the cities of Mountain View and Sunnyvale . The southwest shore of San Francisco Bay was settled by European-Americans in 1852 as a stagecoach station. This was after the United States acquired California. By the early 1900s, it was a shipping point for fruit and grain, as well as a center of religious book publishing. The early pioneers were commonly buried at

2816-460: The machines and pay $ 500 each on delivery. Jobs contacted Cramer Electronics to order the components he needed to assemble the Apple I Computer. When asked how he was going to pay for the parts, he replied, "I have this purchase order from the Byte Shop chain of computer stores for 50 of my computers and the payment terms are COD. If you give me the parts on a net 30 day terms I can build and deliver

2880-471: The more exclusive areas, this development was built in 1963 to about 1965. The other neighborhood's ranch-style housing were built in the 1950s and 1960s on orchard land. The Cuernavaca neighborhood is located off Crestview Drive near the Sunnyvale border. This neighborhood used to be the location of a cherry orchard, and later a nine-hole golf course and swim club before it was turned into housing, which

2944-514: The old cemetery between Mercy & Church, off Castro Street. This is now the site of the present city library and park, known as Pioneer Park. Reverend Henry Merrill Henderson, born in Maryland, arrived here at age 35 with his family in 1852; he was meeting relatives: the Ricketts and others who had migrated from Missouri and Kentucky . He was the first Baptist minister in town. He soon rode

3008-404: The ordinances of the city code. The executive in turn enforces the code and promulgates administrative regulations to execute it. The city clerk and attorney perform supporting roles. The Community Development Department is the agency responsible for planning and zoning. In the state legislature , Mountain View is in the 13th Senate District , represented by Democrat Josh Becker , and in

3072-510: The route of the historic El Camino Real through Mountain View. The city is bounded to the north by the Bay , northeast by Palo Alto , to the south and southwest by Los Altos , and to the east by Sunnyvale and Moffett Federal Airfield . The Santa Cruz Mountains , the origin of the city's name, lie to the west. This range separates Mountain View from the Pacific Ocean and, together with

3136-605: The schools' programmes formerly produced by the NOS. Early, tentative steps to merge the educational broadcasters were made in 1996, with Teleac and NOT – organizations that shared the common goal of producing educational programmes – merging to form Teleac/NOT. The combined organization reverted to using the overall name Teleac in September 2009, branding its output as Teleac (for adults), SchoolTV (for 4-18 yrs) and PeuterTV (for babies and toddlers). A further joint venture

3200-597: The three formerly separate organizations. The idea behind the merger is one of money being more efficiently distributed amongst fewer broadcasting organizations. The new organization has no members, per the Dutch public system norm as it is a statutory public service broadcaster and a legal entity inherited from its predecessors. Its programming focuses now on news analysis, education, culture, children's education, and ethnic minority output. NTR's on-screen branding consists of their acronym in lower case (" ntr ") followed by

3264-614: The three public television and eight public radio networks broadly in relation to the size of their respective memberships. NTR, however, as an independently established statutory body, is not a membership-based organization. RVU, the Radio Volksuniversiteit (People's University Radio), was the longest-lived educational broadcasting organization in the Netherlands. Established in 1930 by the Bond van Nederlandse Volksuniversiteiten (Federation of Dutch People's Universities), it

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3328-597: The total of 94 sites in California. As of the 2020 census , there were 82,376 people and 34,423 households, and 19,585 families residing in the city. The population density was 6,888.8 inhabitants per square mile (2,659.8/km ) There were 37,295 housing units. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mountain View had an unemployment rate of 5.0% in August 2013. It had a female population of 47.8 percent and

3392-495: Was 1.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.4%. 32,002 people (43.2% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units, and 41,799 people (56.4%) lived in rental housing units. According to the Santa Clara County Homeless Census and Survey, the number of homeless individuals in Mountain View increased 51% from 2015 to 2017, with 276 homeless individuals in 2015, and 416 in 2017. In August 2017,

3456-472: Was a chain of computer stores created with the purpose of renting computers and software. Computer Retailer Magazine did a feature article on the viability of renting computers and software to the public prior to the passing of legislation in Congress which outlawed the rental of software because of software piracy issues. Hardware rental, however, was unaffected by this decision and continued to flourish into

3520-455: Was at first granted airtime by the AVRO and VARA broadcasting associations. A licence to operate independently was obtained on 14 June 1931 and RVU became a public broadcaster in its own right in 1932. In January 1983 RVU made its first television appearance, broadcasting a small number of programmes on both Nederland 1 and Nederland 2 , before moving to Nederland 3 in 1988. Its mission

3584-484: Was completed in 1989. Most of the housing in Cuernavaca is Spanish-style, with red tiled roofs. The Monta Loma neighborhood is located between the bounds of San Antonio Road, Middlefield Road, Rengstorff Avenue and Central Expressway. Currently Monta Loma houses a collection of California-style mid-century modern houses by Joseph Eichler , John Calder Mackay , and Mardell Building Company. Mountain View has

3648-431: Was constructed beginning after 1931; its development attracted many workers and it brought many economic opportunities. After World War II , the population grew significantly with the development of regional aerospace and electronics industries. Between 1950 and 1960, the population grew from 6,563 to 30,889, an increase of 370.7%. Between 1929 and 1994, Moffett Field Naval Air Station operated in Mountain View. In 1940,

3712-517: Was created in 2010, following the merger of the Nederlandse Programma Stichting (NPS) and two educational broadcasters, Televisie Academie (Teleac) and the Radio Volksuniversiteit (RVU). For details of these predecessor organizations, see further below. Public broadcasting organizations in the Netherlands (that is to say, in the Dutch context, listener and viewer associations) do not have their own stations but are allotted airtime on

3776-422: Was entered upon in 2005 when RVU and Teleac together formed Educom . On 28 April 1994, a new Media Act confirmed that the existing broadcasting associations operating within the public framework were to have their participation in the system extended for a further ten years and required them to increase their cooperation with each other. The Act also reinforced the brand identity of the public channels over that of

3840-463: Was one of the four big computer retailers, along with Dick Heisers, ("The Computer Store"), Peachtree in Atlanta, and Dick Brown. The Byte Shop was the first retailer of the original Apple I computer. At the time Steve Jobs was planning to sell bare circuit boards for $ 40, but Terrell told him that he would be interested in the machine only if it came fully assembled, and promised to order 50 of

3904-589: Was portrayed by Brad William Henke in the biopic Jobs . After selling the Byte Store chain, Terrell convinced his friends Ivy and Kauffman of coin-operated video game company Exidy, Inc to design and build the Exidy Sorcerer to compete with the Apple II, Commodore PET and Tandy TRS-80 computers already in the marketplace. The Sorcerer was a modified S-100 bus based machine, but lacked

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3968-415: Was speculated at the time that the real motive for the proposed abolition was that the governing parties (Christian Democrat and liberal-conservative) saw the foundation's output as being too left-wing . The plans were in the end withdrawn following the elections of November 2006. On 1 September 2010, N PS, T eleac, and R VU merged to form a single entity. The NTR name is composed of the first letter of

4032-662: Was to present informative and educational programmes encouraging listeners' and viewers' participation in society. An initiative to air educational programming on public television led to the creation of the Television Academy (Teleac) in 1963. Meanwhile Nederlandse Onderwijs Televisie (NOT) (Netherlands Educational Television) began operations on the 27 June 1962, evolving from the Netherlands Education Film board in The Hague . Its purpose

4096-421: Was to supply primary and secondary teachers with educational programmes for use in the classroom. These were made in co-operation with Teleac, RVU, and the NOS, although NOT have a broadcasting licence of their own. That changed in 1988 when the new Media Act established NOT as an independent broadcaster, and the new organization and its employees moved from The Hague to Hilversum, taking over full responsibility for

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