Bible Translators
44-603: Theologians Eastern Lutheranism (also known as Byzantine Lutheranism or Byzantine Rite Lutheranism ) refers to Eastern Protestant Lutheran churches , such as those of Ukraine and Slovenia , that use a form of the Byzantine Rite as their liturgy. It is unique in that it is based on the Eastern Christian rite used by the Eastern Orthodox Church , while incorporating theology from
88-662: A circle and self-ordained each other, creating an entity called the New Covenant Apostolic Order (NCAO). Their own interpretations of Church history led to the adoption of a somewhat liturgical form of worship and induced a need for apostolic succession . In 1977 the first contact with the Eastern Orthodox Church was initiated through Orthodox seminarian Fr. John Bartke. In 1979 the Evangelical Orthodox Church (EOC)
132-808: A deacon under Fr. Tudor Popescu, at the Cuibul cu barză Church in Bucharest . After some time, Popescu converted to evangelicalism, due to Cornilescu's influence. Both of them began to preach salvation by personal faith in Christ. Gradually, they gained a significant following, including priests from the Romanian Orthodox Church. Soon other evangelical traits, such as singing and congregational participation, began to manifest in this group. They called into question many Orthodox practices, which they perceived to be unbiblical. Tudor Popescu has been called
176-638: A member of the Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference (CELC), a worldwide organization of confessional Lutheran church bodies of the same beliefs. The Assyrian Evangelical Church is a Middle Eastern Church which attained ecclesiastical independence from the Presbyterian mission in Iran , in 1870. Its membership is composed mostly of Eastern Aramaic speaking ethnic Assyrians who were originally part of
220-504: A range of heterogeneous Protestant Christian denominations that developed outside of the Western world , from the latter half of the nineteenth century, and retain certain elements of Eastern Christianity . Some of these denominations came into existence when active Protestant churches adopted reformational variants of Eastern and Oriental Orthodox liturgy and worship, while others originated from Orthodox groups who were inspired by
264-814: A reformation movement within the Malankara Church in South India , in the latter half of the 19th century. India was part of the British Empire at the time, while the Malankara Church is an Oriental Orthodox church, in communion with the Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch . Concurrently, Anglican missionaries from England arrived in South India. They became teachers at the church's seminary and made
308-523: A reformed variant of the Liturgy of Saint James , with many parts in the local vernacular. The Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church is in full communion with the Anglican Communion and maintains friendly relations with many other churches. Eastern Lutheranism refers to Lutheran churches, such as those of Ukraine and Slovenia, that use a form of the Byzantine Rite as their liturgy. It
352-502: Is a Christian denomination which blends Evangelical Protestantism with features of Eastern Orthodoxy . It started off in 1973 as a network of house churches established by Campus Crusade for Christ missionaries in the United States . The founders Peter E. Gillquist , Jack Sparks, Jon Braun, and J.R. Ballew wanted to restore Christianity to its primitive form based on the writings of the early Church Fathers . So they stood in
396-587: Is a Christian denomination with roots in Pentecostalism , based in Kerala , India . It exists as a part of the Gospel for Asia . In 2003, this church acquired episcopacy , by getting Indian Anglican bishops to ordain its founder K. P. Yohannan as a bishop. Henceforth this denomination adopted several elements of Eastern Christian worship and practices like the use of holy oils for anointing, while keeping
440-652: Is an Amharic and Tigrinya language term for evangelical Christians in Ethiopia and Eritrea . This movement has been influenced by the mainstream Oriental Orthodox Christianity of these countries as well as Pentecostalism . As Protestantism is relatively new in Ethiopia, most P'ent'ay are ex-Orthodox Christians. Many of these groups describe their religious practices as culturally Orthodox, but Protestant by doctrine. They boast approximately 16,500,000 members. The P'ent'ay denominations may constitute as much as 19% of
484-908: Is identical to that in other parts of Eastern Christianity. Within Byzantine Rite Lutheranism, the calendar of saints includes persons esteemed in Eastern Christianity, such as John Chrysostom and Nestor the Chronicler , as well as those specific to the Lutheran Church, such as Lucas Cranach the Elder and Martin Luther . The Byzantine Lutheran Rite was first used in the Ukrainian Lutheran Church . The Byzantine Lutheran Rite includes
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#1732771752607528-839: Is in Russian). The Ukrainian Lutheran Church, formerly called the Ukrainian Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession, is a Byzantine Rite Lutheran Church based in Ukraine . The Eastern Christian denomination consists of 25 congregations within Ukraine, serving over 2,500 members and runs Saint Sophia Ukrainian Lutheran Theological Seminary in Ternopil in Western Ukraine. The ULC is
572-602: Is necessary for salvation and living in righteousness is given in the Bible. The church is engaged in active evangelism. The headquarters of this church is at Tiruvalla , a town in the state of Kerala . The Assyrian Pentecostal Church is a Pentecostal Christian denomination which originated in the 1940s among the Assyrian people of Iran and spread among ethnic Assyrians in Iraq , Turkey and Syria . They are native speakers of
616-650: Is the Anglican Communion . If the relationship between the churches is complete, involving fullness of "those bonds of communion – faith, sacraments and pastoral governance – that permit the Faithful to receive the life of grace within the Church", it is called full communion . However, the term "full communion" is frequently used in a broader sense, to refer instead to a relationship between Christian churches that are not united, but have only entered into an arrangement whereby members of each church have certain rights within
660-701: Is unique in that it is based on the Eastern Christian rite used by the Eastern Orthodox Church , while incorporating theology from the Divine Service contained in the Formula Missae , the base texts for Lutheran liturgies in the West. In the far north of the Scandinavian peninsula are the Sámi people , some of whom practice a form of Lutheranism called Apostolic Lutheranism, or Laestadianism due to
704-681: The koinonia embraces concepts conveyed in the English terms community, communion, joint participation, sharing and intimacy. Koinonia can therefore refer in some contexts to a jointly contributed gift. The word appears 19 times in most editions of the Greek New Testament. In the New American Standard Bible , it is translated "fellowship" twelve times, "sharing" three times, and "participation" and "contribution" twice each. Koinonia appears once in
748-836: The filioque in the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed , albeit placing it in brackets. The first published Liturgy of the Byzantine Lutheran Rite was in 1933. The English text of the rite now in use is almost identical to that of the original printing. Some contemporary communities such as the Eastern Rite Community (Ostkirchlicher Konvent) in Germany and the Czech Republic, and the Evangelical Church of
792-839: The Assyrian Church of the East and its offshoots, or the Syriac Orthodox Church . They, like other Assyrian Christians are sometimes targets of persecution by hostile governments and neighbors. The Armenian Evangelical Church is the product of a reform campaign from within the Armenian Apostolic Church . The reformers were influenced by the missionaries of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions , who arrived in Turkey in
836-692: The Assyrian Neo-Aramaic language, and also use it as their liturgical language . They use the Syriac Aramaic Bible. Most of the members of this denomination were originally part of the Assyrian Church of the East and its offshoots, or the Syriac Orthodox Church . The Assyrian Pentecostal Church is affiliated with the Assemblies of God Church. There have been reported instances of persecution against them as well. The Believers Eastern Church (formerly Believers Church )
880-584: The Divine Service contained in the Formula Missae , the base texts for Lutheran liturgics in the West . Eastern Lutherans use the Julian calendar for the calendar and thus observe feast days and liturgical seasons, such as Great Lent , in a fashion similar to Orthodox customs. As such, many Byzantine Lutheran holy days are shared with those of the Eastern Orthodox Church ; in addition, Eastern Lutheran churches are constructed in accordance with Byzantine architecture . Posture during worship, such as bowing ,
924-567: The Greek word κοινωνία , which refers to concepts such as fellowship, joint participation, partnership, the share which one has in anything, a gift jointly contributed, a collection, a contribution. In the Politics of Aristotle it is used to mean a community of any size from a single family to a polis . As a polis, it is the Greek for republic or commonwealth. In later Christianity it identifies
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#1732771752607968-630: The Gulag , where they died. During this time of the persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union , property of the Ukrainian Lutheran Church was expropriated. After the collapse of USSR, the Ukrainian Lutheran Church experienced a revival. Eastern Protestant Christianity The term Eastern Protestant Christianity (also called as Eastern Reformed Christianity as well as Oriental Protestant Christianity ) encompasses
1012-772: The Middle East are currently organized as the Union of the Armenian Evangelical Churches in the Near East . The St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India (STECI) is an Evangelical , Episcopal denomination based in Kerala , India . It derives from a schism in the Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church in 1961. STECI holds that the Bible is the inspired, inerrant and infallible Word of God. Adherents believe that all that
1056-694: The Augsburg Confession in Slovenia also utilize the Byzantine Rite. In the region of Galicia , Eastern Lutherans were persecuted by the communist régime , which instituted a policy of state atheism . From 1939–1945, many Eastern Lutheran clergy were killed for their faith. Theodor Yarchuk, a priest who was a major leader in the Ukrainian Lutheran Church of the Augsburg Confession was tortured and killed in Stanislaviv by communist authorities. Many Ukrainian Lutheran laypersons were also sent to
1100-658: The Bible available in the Malayalam language. Inspired by the teachings of the missionaries and imbibing the ideas of the Protestant Reformation from them, a few priests under the leadership of Abraham Malpan initiated a reformation. Abraham Malpan also managed to get his nephew Deacon Mathew, ordained as bishop Mathews Mar Athanasius, by the Patriarch of Antioch. But many opposed the reforms. The groups for and against reforms engaged in court litigations for
1144-577: The Pietisical Union, whose members focused more directly on the Bible and organized Bible study meetings. They began to raise questions about what they saw as conflicts between biblical truths and the traditional practices of the Armenian Apostolic Church. The Union also advocated Pietism , which they believed their church was devoid of. The leadership of the Armenian Apostolic Church under Patriarch Matteos Chouhajian
1188-556: The Romanian Martin Luther, for his attempts to reform the Romanian Orthodox Church. Due to deviations from Eastern Orthodox doctrines , the Romanian Orthodox Church defrocked Fr. Tudor Popescu. Dumitru Cornilescu was forced to leave the country. But Popescu and his followers (originally called Tudorists), established their own Church; the Evangelical Church of Romania. The Evangelical Orthodox Church
1232-750: The ancient Greek translation of the Old Testament known as the Septuagint , in Leviticus 6:2 It is found in 43 verses of the New Testament as a noun ( koinōnia 17x, koinōnos 10x, sugkoinōnos 4x), in its adjectival ( koinōnikos 1x), or verbal forms ( koinōneō 8x, sugkoinōneō 3x) . The word is applied, according to the context, to sharing or fellowship, or people in such relation, with: Of these usages, Bromiley's International Standard Bible Encyclopedia selects as especially significant
1276-508: The body and at home with the Lord" (2 Corinthians 5:8) is a belief among some Christians. Their communion is believed to be "a vital fellowship between all the redeemed, on earth and in the next life, that is based on the common possession of the divine life of grace that comes to us through the risen Christ". Since the word rendered in English as "saints" can mean not only "holy people" but also "holy things", "communion of saints" also applies to
1320-653: The church and its properties. These ended in 1889, through a verdict favoring the Patriarchal faction. Subsequently, the reformed faction became an independent church, known as the Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church. To date, there are 11 bishops, 1149 priests and over a million laity. While retaining many of the Syriac high church practices, the Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church is Reformed in its theology and doctrines. The church employs
1364-413: The early nineteenth century, and published translated bibles for the Turkish-speaking Armenians . The reformers were led by Krikor Peshdimaljian, one of the leading intellectuals of the time. Peshdimaljian was the head of a training school for the Armenian Apostolic clergy. The school was under the auspices of the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople . Out of this school, emerged a society called
Eastern Lutheranism - Misplaced Pages Continue
1408-420: The efforts of Lars Levi Laestadius . However, others are Orthodox in religion . Some Apostolic Lutherans consider their movement as part of an unbroken line down from the Apostles . In Russia, Laestadians of Lutheran background cooperate with the Ingrian church, but since Laestadianism is an interdenominational movement, some are Eastern Orthodox. Eastern Orthodox Laestadians are known as Ushkovayzet (article
1452-493: The following meanings: The Eucharist is the sacrament of communion with one another in the one body of Christ. This was the full meaning of eucharistic koinonia in the early Catholic Church . St. Thomas Aquinas wrote, "the Eucharist is the sacrament of the unity of the Church, which results from the fact that many are one in Christ." By metonymy , the term is used of a group of Christian churches that have this close relationship of communion with each other. An example
1496-440: The idealized state of fellowship and unity that should exist within the Christian church, the Body of Christ . This usage may have been borrowed from the early Epicureans—as it is used by Epicurus' Principal Doctrines 37–38. The term communion, derived from Latin communio ('sharing in common'), is related. The term "Holy Communion" normally refers to the Christian rite also called the Eucharist . The essential meaning of
1540-426: The initial set of chrismations and ordinations for the EOC at St. Michael's Church in Van Nuys, California . Unable to completely reconcile Evangelicalism and Orthodoxy, many EOC members formally joined the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America in 1987. Some others joined the Orthodox Church in America . The rest remained independent and continue as the Evangelical Orthodox Church. P'ent'ay
1584-543: The other. If a church recognizes that another church, with which it lacks bonds of pastoral governance, shares with it some of the beliefs and essential practices of Christianity, it may speak of "partial communion" between it and the other church. The communion of saints is the relationship that, according to the belief of Christians, exists between them as people made holy by their link with Christ. That this relationship extends not only to those still in earthly life, but also to those who have gone past death to be "away from
1628-405: The population of Ethiopia , while being a small minority in Eritrea . Communion (religion) Koinonia ( / ˌ k ɔɪ n oʊ ˈ n iː ə / ), communion , or fellowship in Christianity is the bond uniting Christians as individuals and groups with each other and with Jesus Christ. It refers to group cohesiveness among Christians. Koinonia is a transliterated form of
1672-403: The principle of sola scriptura . Its name was officially changed to Believers Eastern Church in 2017, so as to "better express its roots in the ancient and orthodox faith". The Evangelical Church of Romania (Romanian: Biserica Evanghelică Română) is one of Romania 's eighteen officially recognised religious denominations. The church originated between 1920 and 1924, through the work of
1716-426: The sharing by members of the church in the holy things of faith, sacraments (especially the Eucharist ), and the other spiritual graces and gifts that they have in common. The term "communion" is applied to sharing in the Eucharist by partaking of the consecrated bread and wine, an action seen as entering into a particularly close relationship with Christ. Sometimes the term is applied not only to this partaking but to
1760-517: The teachings of Western Protestant missionaries and adopted Protestant beliefs and practices. Some Eastern Protestant Churches are in communion with similar Western Protestant churches. However, there is no universal communion between the various Eastern Protestant churches. This is due to the diverse polities, practices, liturgies, and orientations of the denominations which fall under this category, as can be seen in Western Protestantism. The Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church has its origins in
1804-484: The whole of the rite or to the consecrated elements. A Christian fellowship is a community, social club , benefit society , and/or a fraternal organization whether formal or informal of Christians that worship, pray, cooperate, volunteer, socialize, and associate with each other on the foundation of their shared Christian faith. Members of Christian fellowships may or may not be part of the same church congregations or denominations , although many are associated with
Eastern Lutheranism - Misplaced Pages Continue
1848-427: The young Romanian Orthodox theologians Dumitru Cornilescu and Tudor Popescu. Deacon Cornilescu was motivated to translate the Bible into modern Romanian, by Princess Calimachi of Moldavia . While translating the Epistle to the Romans , Cornilescu became interested in the concept of personal salvation. By the time he completed the translation, he had become staunchly evangelical . Afterwards, Cornilescu served as
1892-419: Was against any reform, and excommunicated the reformists from the church. This separation led to the formation of the Armenian Evangelical Church, on July 1, 1846, at Constantinople . By 1850, the new church received the official recognition of the Ottoman government . Later, however, Armenians were forced out of Ottoman Turkey , due to the Armenian genocide . The Armenian Evangelical congregations in
1936-429: Was organized. The EOC pursued various avenues to obtain episcopacy , including a visit to the Patriarch of Constantinople , but to no avail. At last they met Patriarch Ignatius IV of Antioch , during his historic visit to Los Angeles , which proved successful. This meeting was arranged by Fr. John Bartke, who later served as the primary intermediary between the EOC and the Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese, and also hosted
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