Misplaced Pages

#100899

45-614: The New American Standard Bible is considered by some sources as the most literally translated of major 20th-century English Bible translations . The NASB is an original translation from the Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek texts. It is an update of the American Standard Version (ASV) of 1901, which itself was a revision of the 1885 Revised Version (RV), which updated the King James Version (KJV). The goal of

90-626: A formal equivalence translation style. There remain cases where word-for-word literalness was determined to be unacceptable or impossible, and there, changes were made in the direction of more current idioms . In some such instances, the more literal renderings were indicated in footnotes. One notable area where the NASB differs from the ASV is in how to render the Tetragrammaton , YHWH. The ASV rendered it as " Jehovah ". The ASV translators defended

135-608: A basis for translation, as some of the alternate sources do not include phrases (or sometimes entire verses) which are found only in the Textus Receptus. Some say the alternate sources were poorly representative of the texts used in their time, whereas others claim the Textus Receptus includes passages that were added to the alternate texts improperly. These controversial passages are not the basis for disputed issues of doctrine: they tend to be additional stories or snippets of phrases. Many modern English translations, such as

180-405: A large variety of learning environments and learning spaces . Educational architecture, school architecture or school building design is a discipline which practices architect and others for the design of educational institutions, such as schools and universities , as well as other choices in the educational design of learning experiences. The design of building can significantly influence

225-672: A limited revision of the NASB. In 1995, the Lockman Foundation reissued the NASB text as the NASB Updated Edition (more commonly, the Updated NASB or NASB95 ). Since then, it has become widely known as simply the "NASB", supplanting the 1977 text in current printings, save for a few (Thompson Chain Reference Bibles, Open Bibles, Key Word Study Bibles, et al.). In the updated NASB, consideration

270-707: A scholarly view of the New Testament text by conforming to the Nestle-Aland 27th edition and extensively annotating the translation to fully explain different textual sources and possible alternative translations. A Comparative Psalter ( ISBN   0-19-529760-1 ) edited by John Kohlenberger presents a comparative diglot translation of the Psalms of the Masoretic Text and the Septuagint, using

315-677: A small number of Greek texts, or on Latin translations, modern English translations of the Bible are based on a wider variety of manuscripts in the original languages, mostly Greek and Hebrew. The translators put much scholarly effort into cross-checking the various sources such as the Septuagint , Textus Receptus , and Masoretic Text . Relatively recent discoveries such as the Dead Sea scrolls provide additional reference information. Some controversy has existed over which texts should be used as

360-499: A word or phrase admits of more than one meaning the Amplified Bible presents all the possible interpretations, allowing the reader to choose one. For example, the first two verses of the Amplified Bible read: In the beginning God (Elohim) created [by forming from nothing] the heavens and the earth. The earth was formless and void or a waste and emptiness, and darkness was upon the face of the deep [primeval ocean that covered

405-660: Is concluded that this was printed in Antwerp and the colophon gives the date as 4 October 1535. This first edition was adapted by Coverdale for his first "authorised version", known as the Great Bible , of 1539. Other early printed versions were the Geneva Bible published by Sir Rowland Hill in 1560. This version is notable for being the first Bible divided into verses and which negated the Divine Right of Kings;

450-502: Is often reflected in non-Jewish translations. For example, Jewish translations translate עלמה ‘almâh in Isaiah 7:14 as young woman , while many Christian translations render the word as virgin . While modern biblical scholarship is similar for both Christians and Jews, there are distinctive features of Jewish translations, even those created by academic scholars. These include the avoidance of Christological interpretations, adherence to

495-560: Is thought to have written an Old English translation of the Psalms . Bede ( c. 672–735) produced a translation of the Gospel of John into Old English, which he is said to have prepared shortly before his death. This translation is lost; we know of its existence from Cuthbert of Jarrow's account of Bede's death. In the 10th century an Old English translation of the Gospels was made in

SECTION 10

#1732765243101

540-429: Is when it occurs in immediate proximity to the word Lord, that is, Adonai. In that case it is regularly translated GOD in order to avoid confusion. It is known that for many years YHWH has been transliterated as Yahweh, however no complete certainty attaches to this pronunciation. The Lockman Foundation published NASB text, modifications, and revisions in the following order: In 1992, the Lockman Foundation commissioned

585-892: The Bishop's Bible (1568), which was an attempt by Elizabeth I to create a new authorised version; and the Authorized King James Version of 1611. The first complete Catholic Bible in English was the Douay–Rheims Bible , of which the New Testament portion was published in Rheims in 1582 and the Old Testament somewhat later in Douay in Gallicant Flanders . The Old Testament was completed by

630-550: The Dead Sea Scrolls . The Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia was consulted for the 1995 revision. For the Greek text, Eberhard Nestle and Kurt Aland 's Novum Testamentum Graece was used; the 23rd edition in the 1971 original, and the 26th in the 1995 revision. Desiring to create a literal , modern translation of the Bible into English , the translators sought to produce a contemporary English Bible while maintaining

675-604: The Lindisfarne Gospels : a word-for-word gloss inserted between the lines of the Latin text by Aldred , Provost of Chester-le-Street . This is the oldest extant translation of the Gospels into an English language . The Wessex Gospels (also known as the West-Saxon Gospels ) are a full translation of the four gospels into a West Saxon dialect of Old English. Produced in approximately 990, they are

720-639: The Liturgy can be traced back to the late 7th century, including translations into Old and Middle English . The Old English language started first from the Angle-Jute-Saxon invaders/settlers in the South and Eastern regions and evolved influenced by Anglo-Danish invaders/settlers in the North and Eastern Danelaw , to the extent that an Icelandic saga around the year 1000 said the language of England

765-475: The Lollards . Theologian John Wycliffe (c. 1320s–1384) is popularly credited with translating what is now known as Wycliffe's Bible, though it is not clear how much of the translation he himself did. Released in 1382, this was the first known complete translation of the Bible into English. This translation came out in two different versions. The earlier version ("EV") is characterised by a strong adherence to

810-530: The Masoretic Text (at least in the main body of the text, as in the new Jewish Publication Society (JPS) translation) and greater use of classical Jewish exegesis. Some translations prefer names transliterated from the Hebrew, though the majority of Jewish translations use the Anglicized forms of biblical names. The first English Jewish translation of the Bible into English was by Isaac Leeser in

855-897: The New International Version , contain limited text notes indicating where differences occur in original sources. A somewhat greater number of textual differences are noted in the New King James Bible , indicating hundreds of New Testament differences between the Nestle-Aland , the Textus Receptus , and the Hodges edition of the Majority Text . The differences in the Old Testament are less well documented, but they do contain some references to differences between consonantal interpretations in

900-587: The Torah and other portions in an ongoing project by Everett Fox , and the ArtScroll Tanakh. Modern translations take different approaches to the rendering of the original languages of approaches. The approaches can usually be considered to be somewhere on a scale between the two extremes: Some translations have been motivated by a strong theological distinctive. In the Sacred Name Bibles

945-480: The printing press – this enabled the distribution of several thousand copies of his New Testament translation throughout England. Tyndale did not complete his Old Testament translation. The first printed English translation of the whole Bible was produced by Miles Coverdale in 1535, using Tyndale's work together with his own translations from the Latin Vulgate or German text. After much scholarly debate it

SECTION 20

#1732765243101

990-590: The 19th century. The JPS produced two of the most popular Jewish translations, namely the JPS The Holy Scriptures of 1917 and the NJPS Tanakh (first printed in a single volume in 1985, second edition in 1999). Since the 1980s there have been multiple efforts among Orthodox publishers to produce translations that are not only Jewish, but also adhere to Orthodox norms. Among these are The Living Torah and Nach by Aryeh Kaplan and others,

1035-521: The Bible. Jewish English Bible translations are modern English Bible translations that include the books of the Hebrew Bible ( Tanakh ) according to the Masoretic Text , and according to the traditional division and order of Torah , Nevi'im , and Ketuvim . Jewish translations often also reflect traditional Jewish interpretations of the Bible, as opposed to the Christian understanding that

1080-412: The Lockman Foundation posted some passages from "NASB 2020", an update of the 1995 revision. Key differences from the 1995 revision include an effort to improve "gender accuracy" (for example, adding "or sisters" in italics to passages that reference "brothers", to help convey the mixed-gender meaning of a passage that might otherwise be misunderstood as only speaking of men), a shift (where applicable) from

1125-555: The Masoretic Text, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the Septuagint. Even with these hundreds of differences, however, a more complete listing is beyond the scope of most single-volume Bibles. While most Bible translations are made by committees of scholars in order to avoid bias or idiosyncrasy, translations are sometimes made by individuals. The following, selected translations are largely the work of individual translators: Others, such as N. T. Wright , have translated portions of

1170-576: The Old Testament even though it does not appear in the Greek text. While most translations attempt to synthesize the various texts in the original languages, some translations also translate one specific textual source, generally for scholarly reasons. A single volume example for the Old Testament is The Dead Sea Scrolls Bible ( ISBN   0-06-060064-0 ) by Martin Abegg, Peter Flint and Eugene Ulrich. The Comprehensive New Testament ( ISBN   978-0-9778737-1-5 ) by T. E. Clontz and J. Clontz presents

1215-706: The Revised Standard Version and the New English Translation of the Septuagint. R. A. Knox's Translation of the Vulgate into English is another example of a single source translation. Most translations make the translators' best attempt at a single rendering of the original, relying on footnotes where there might be alternative translations or textual variants. An alternative is taken by the Amplified Bible . In cases where

1260-489: The Study of Religion and American Culture at Indiana University and Purdue University found that Americans read versions of the Bible as follows: Educational institution This is an accepted version of this page An educational institution is a place where people of different ages gain an education , including preschools, childcare, primary-elementary schools, secondary-high schools, and universities. They provide

1305-497: The aristocratic and secular court languages (1066), with Latin still the religious, diplomatic, scientific and ecclesiastical court language, and with parts of the country still speaking Cornish, and perhaps Cumbric. The Ormulum is in Middle English of the 12th century. Like its Old English precursor from Ælfric , an abbot of Eynsham, it includes very little Biblical text, and focuses more on personal commentary. This style

1350-522: The common construct "let us" when proposing action to the more-contemporary construct "let's" (to disambiguate a sort of "imperative" encouragement rather than a seeking of permission that could otherwise be misunderstood from a given passage), and a repositioning of some "bracketed text" (that is, verses or portions of verses that are not present in earliest Biblical manuscripts, and thus printed in brackets in previous NASB editions) out from inline-and-in-brackets down instead to footnotes. The translation work

1395-509: The conviction that God's name be preserved in a Semitic form is followed. The Purified Translation of the Bible promotes the idea that Jesus and early Christians drink grape juice not wine. The Jehovah's Witnesses ' New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures renders the tetragrammaton as Jehovah throughout the Old Testament, and it uses the form Jehovah in the New Testament including — but not limited to — passages quoting

New American Standard Bible - Misplaced Pages Continue

1440-554: The decision by calling the avoidance of the Divine Name a " Jewish superstition ". Most later translations, including the NASB, have generally not agreed with it, and the NASB renders it as LORD or GOD in capital letters. The committee stated the reason as: This name has not been pronounced by the Jews because of reverence for the great sacredness of the divine name. Therefore it has been consistently translated LORD. The only exception

1485-660: The first translation of all four gospels into English without the Latin text. In the 11th century, Abbot Ælfric translated much of the Old Testament into Old English. The Old English Hexateuch is an illuminated manuscript of the first six books of the Old Testament (the Hexateuch ). There are no known complete translations ( pandects ) from early in this period, when Middle English emerged after Anglo-Norman replaced Old English (Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Danish) as

1530-432: The form of prose or as interlinear glosses (literal translations above the Latin words). Very few complete translations existed during that time. Most of the books of the Bible existed separately and were read as individual texts. Translations of the Bible often included the writer's own commentary on passages in addition to the literal translation. Aldhelm , Bishop of Sherborne and Abbot of Malmesbury (639–709),

1575-506: The most popular Jewish version would not compete with rankings of a larger audience. Sales data can be affected by the method of marketing. Some translations are directly marketed to particular denominations or local churches, and many Christian booksellers only offer Protestant Bibles , so books in other biblical canons (such as Catholic and Orthodox Bibles) may not appear as high on the CBA rank. A study published in 2014 by The Center for

1620-487: The period of Early Modern English . This was the first major period of Bible translation into the English language. This period began with the introduction of the Tyndale Bible . The first complete edition of his New Testament was in 1526. William Tyndale used the Greek and Hebrew texts of the New Testament (NT) and Old Testament (OT) in addition to Jerome 's Latin translation. He was the first translator to use

1665-547: The time the New Testament was published but, due to extenuating circumstances and financial issues, it was not published until nearly three decades later, in two editions: the first released in 1609, and the rest of the OT in 1610. In this version, the seven deuterocanonical books are amongst the other books, as in the Latin Vulgate , rather than kept separate in an appendix. While early English Bibles were generally based on

1710-500: The translation was to incorporate Hebrew and Greek texts discovered since 1901, as well as render a translation in more current English than the ASV and KJV. The main alternative at the time was the Revised Standard Version (1946–1952/1971), but it was considered overly theologically liberal in parts. The Hebrew text used for this translation was the 3rd edition of Rudolf Kittel 's Biblia Hebraica as well as

1755-564: The translators and consultants who contributed are Biblical scholars with doctorates in Biblical languages , Christian theology , "or other advanced degrees", and come from a variety of denominational backgrounds. More than 20 individuals worked on modernizing the NASB in accord with the most recent research. Bible translations into English More than 100 complete translations into English languages have been produced. Translations of Biblical books , especially passages read in

1800-487: The unformed earth]. The Spirit of God was moving (hovering, brooding) over the face of the waters. The Evangelical Christian Publishers Association release monthly and annual statistics regarding the popularity of different Bibles sold by their members in the United States. In 2023, the top 10 best-selling translations were the following: Sales are affected by denomination and religious affiliation. For example,

1845-524: The word order of Latin, and is more difficult for native English speakers to comprehend. The later version ("LV") made more concessions to the native grammar of English. Around the same period there were several other translations, which partially survive, such as the Paues Fortheenth Century Middle English New Testament . Early Modern English Bible translations are of between about 1500 and 1800,

New American Standard Bible - Misplaced Pages Continue

1890-666: Was adopted by many of the original English translators. For example, the story of the Wedding at Cana is almost 800 lines long, but fewer than 40 lines are in the actual translation of the text. An unusual characteristic is that the translation mimics Latin verse, and so is similar to the better known and appreciated 14th-century English poem Cursor Mundi . Richard Rolle (1290–1349) wrote an English Psalter. Many religious works are attributed to Rolle, but it has been questioned how many are genuinely from his hand. Many of his works were concerned with personal devotion, and some were used by

1935-640: Was done by a group sponsored by the Lockman Foundation. According to the Lockman Foundation, the committee consisted of people from Christian educational institutions of higher learning and from Evangelical Protestant , predominantly conservative , denominations (Presbyterian, Methodist, Southern Baptist, Church of Christ, Nazarene, American Baptist, Fundamentalist, Conservative Baptist, Free Methodist, Congregational, Disciples of Christ, Evangelical Free, Independent Baptist, Independent Mennonite, Assembly of God, North American Baptist, and "other religious groups"). The Lockman Foundation's website indicates that among

1980-1080: Was given to the latest available manuscripts with an emphasis on determining the best Greek text. Primarily, the 26th edition of Nestle-Aland's Novum Testamentum Graece is closely followed. The Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia is also employed together with the most recent information from lexicography , cognate languages , and the Dead Sea Scrolls . The updated NASB represents recommended revisions and refinements, and states that it incorporates thorough research based on current English usage . Vocabulary , grammar , and sentence structure were meticulously revised for greater understanding and smoother reading, hence increasing clarity and readability . Terms found in Elizabethan English such as "thy" and "thou" have been modernized, while verses with difficult word ordering are restructured. Punctuation and paragraphing have been formatted for modernization, and verbs with multiple meanings have been updated to better account for their contextual usage. Starting in 2018,

2025-590: Was the same as Norway and Denmark. It largely replaced the Neo-Brittonic languages and residual Anglo-Latin-using pockets. While there were no complete translations of the Bible in the Old English period, there were many translations of large portions during this time. Parts of the Bible were first translated from the Latin Vulgate by a few monks and scholars. Such translations were generally in

#100899