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61-652: The offices are officially known as " Government Secretariat: Offices of the Chief Secretary for Administration and the Financial Secretary ", and the bureaux are officially known as " [Portfolio] Bureau, Government Secretariat " or " Government Secretariat: [Portfolio] Bureau ". The structure of the Government Secretariat has undergone periodic changes. Governor Sir Murray MacLehose commissioned McKinsey & Company to conduct

122-605: A Broadcasting, Entertainment and Administration wing, which covered RTHK and TELA , and the Recreation and Culture wing, with responsibilities including sport. Branches of the Government Secretariat under the Chief Secretary : Branches of the Government Secretariat under the Financial Secretary : Branches of the Government Secretariat under the Chief Secretary for Administration : Bureaux under

183-659: A car accident and is a member of the Scottish Council on Disability. Outside of his diplomatic career, MacLehose and his wife had a love of sailing and hiking. In recognition of his fondness for outdoor pursuits. MacLehose was a member of the Athenaeum Club, London . After his retirement he took up farming and shepherding at his prorpety in Maybole . MacLehose died in Ayrshire , Scotland, on 27 May 2000 at

244-701: A massive public housing programme. Under massive public pressure, he created the ICAC to root out corruption. By establishing the District Boards , he greatly improved government accountability. He oversaw the construction of the Mass Transit Railway , Hong Kong's transportation backbone, and other major infrastructure projects. On his watch, community and arts facilities were expanded, and public campaigns, such as against litter and violent crime, were introduced. These changes required approval from

305-669: A private capacity. In 1979, MacLehose raised the question of Britain's 99-year lease of the New Territories (an area that encompasses all territories north of Boundary Street on the Kowloon Peninsula ), with Deng Xiaoping . After returning to Hong Kong with the talks, MacLehose wished to avoid a public panic and did not publicly disclose the nature of the talks. He only quoted Deng Xiaoping as "telling Hong Kong investors to rest assured" but abandoned plans to reform Hong Kong's democratic model out of fear of provoking

366-689: A seat with Stephen Shiu in Hong Kong Island . Wong Yuk-man's protege Wong Yeung-tat also failed to win a seat where he contested against the LSD chairman Andrew To, who Wong Yuk-man split with a year ago. The People Power fiercely attacked the Democratic Party candidates during the campaign and called for blank vote in the District Council (Second) constituency created under the 2010 constitutional reform package and not voting for

427-623: A study on the structure of the Hong Kong Government . Sir MacLehose subsequently restructured the Government Secretariat pursuant to recommendations in the McKinsey Report in 1973. Branches of the Government Secretariat under the Colonial Secretary : Branches of the Government Secretariat under the Financial Secretary : New branches of the Government Secretariat were established in the 1980s. Branches of

488-476: A traditional colonial office uniform after arriving on a Cathay Pacific flight to be sworn in as Governor by Hugh Selby Norman-Walker . A diplomat with a British Labour Party background, MacLehose introduced a wide range of reforms during his time in office that laid the foundation of modern Hong Kong as a cohesive, self-aware society. He had Chinese recognised as an official language for communication, alongside English. He greatly expanded welfare and set up

549-665: A word meaning sock or stocking. MacLehose was appointed Governor shortly after the 1967 Hong Kong riots due to his extensive diplomatic background in Asia, perceived skill to analyse political problems and because the British government felt he lacked colonial baggage. MacLehose summarised that Hong Kong had already established sufficient economic capacity and the time had come to reform Hong Kong's social policies. MacLehose stood well over six feet tall. He avoided wearing his gubernatorial uniform, as he felt very ill at ease in it but wore

610-552: Is a populist and radical democratic political party in Hong Kong. Formerly chaired by Raymond Chan , it belongs to the radical wing of the pro-democracy camp . People Power was founded in 2011 as a political coalition consisting of the defected League of Social Democrats (LSD) legislators Wong Yuk-man and Albert Chan and activists from the Power Voters , Democratic Alliance and The Frontier who aimed to "punish"

671-673: The 2015 District Council election , People Power failed to win a seat while chairwoman Erica Yuen who run in South Horizons West again did not win a seat. The Frontier left the People Power coalition in April 2016 after five years of alliance. In the 2016 LegCo elections , the People Power formed an electoral alliance with another radical democrat League of Social Democrats. The alliance won two seats in total with two incumbents Leung Kwok-hung and Ray Chan re-elected in

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732-564: The Ambassador to Denmark . MacLehose became Governor of Hong Kong in November 1971. He held the position until May 1982, making him Hong Kong's longest-serving governor: his 10 years and 6 months in office exceeded Sir Alexander Grantham 's record by one month. He was widely and affectionately known as "Jock the Sock", in reference both to his Scottish heritage and to his name, 'hose' being

793-694: The Chinese Cultural Revolution . MacLehose issued the Immigration Ordinance of 1971 which mandated only those who have lived in Hong Kong for seven years can be issued a Hong Kong permanent resident identity card. He also initiated the "catch and release" policy of deciding to repatriate all captured illegal immigrants to China. MacLehose also listed 24 to 26 October 1979 as a three-day grace period to allow illegal immigrants who had already come to Hong Kong to apply for Hong Kong identity cards while police and border patrols with

854-587: The Democratic Party for its compromise with the Beijing authorities over the constitutional reform proposal in 2010. It filled 62 candidates in the 2011 District Council election , in which many of them stood against the Democrats, but only got one candidate elected. The party however ran a successful 2012 Legislative Council election by winning 10 per cent of the vote and gaining three seats in

915-617: The Financial Secretary : The Government Secretariat was reorganised in Tung Chee-hwa's second term upon the implementation of the Principal Officials Accountability System on 1 July 2002: A reorganisation of the secretariat was announced by Donald Tsang after his re-election as Chief Executive in 2007. The number of policy bureaux was increased from 11 to 12 as a consequence of this re-organisation; minor adjustments were also made to

976-680: The Hong Kong Legislative Council during his time in office would have intensified conflict between the Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang . MacLehose often emphasized that his mission as the Governor of Hong Kong was to ensure that its citizens led a prosperous and peaceful life. After his governorship ended in 1982, MacLehose served as a director for NatWest bank from 1982 to 1988. He

1037-518: The Legislative Council . After Wong Yuk-man's faction left the party in 2013, People Power developed a warmer relationship with the mainstream pan-democrats and cooperated with the LSD over parliamentary tactics such as filibustering . In the 2016 Legislative Council election , the party formed an electoral coalition with the LSD in which they received about seven percent of the votes, seeing Raymond Chan being re-elected. In protest to

1098-763: The MacLehose Trail and the Lady MacLehose Holiday Village in Sai Kung However, MacLehose's tenure has faced some criticism due to his perceived failure to enact democratic reforms. MacLehose was critical of attempted democratic reforms enacted by Chris Patten in 1994 ahead of the Hong Kong's handover. He believed the " one country, two systems " concept proposed by Xiaoping would fully bring stability to Hong Kong's future, although he admitted to feeling worried ahead of China's assumption of sovereignty of Hong Kong but believed

1159-542: The New Territories East . Retiring incumbent Albert Chan failed to help Wong Ho-ming to be elected despite him standing as a second candidate in the New Territories West . After the election, People Power chairwoman Erica Yuen resigned from the office for the election defeat. Raymond Chan and Tam Talk-chi represented People Power and joined the 2020 legislative election , after winning

1220-610: The UK Government Treasury for increased expenditure, and it was against some opposition that, in his first two years in office, Hong Kong government expenditure grew by over 50%. In private, MacLehose was a supporter of gay rights and was urged by activist Elsie Tu and members of the Hong Kong Anglican Church to reform laws that made homosexual acts illegal in line with international human rights standards. However, MacLehose chose not to change

1281-631: The pro-democracy primaries earlier. Both said they would not sign the confirmation form to declaring upholding the Basic Law. The election was then delayed by the Hong Kong Government citing the pandemic, while the legislative session was extended by the Chinese Government for a year. Chan resigned as MP on 30 September 2020, the original end date for the session, arguing the extension was unconstitutional. People Power

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1342-574: The Chief Executive-elect returned by the 2022 Chief Executive election . The proposal was adopted by Chief Executive-elect John Lee Ka-chiu ; requisite funding was approved by the Finance Committee of the Legislative Council on 10 June 2022. Bureaux under the Chief Secretary for Administration : Bureaux under the Financial Secretary : In April 2012, Chief Executive-elect Leung Chun-ying announced his plan to reform

1403-591: The Chinese government. The talks, although inconclusive at the time, eventually involved top British Government officials and paved the way for the handover of Hong Kong in its entirety, including those parts ceded to the UK in perpetuity, to the People's Republic of China on 1 July 1997. MacLehose is generally regarded as one of the most beloved governors in Hong Kong's history. His various policies were credited with changing

1464-604: The Commerce, industrial and tourism, as well as the Information and technology bureaux. To allow for a smooth transition, the government agreed to table Leung's restructuring plan before LegCo before it dissolved for the summer. However, Pan Democrats believed careful scrutiny was necessary, and strongly opposed the plan to rush through the changes; People Power representatives in Legco warned they would table some 900 motions at

1525-756: The Democratic Party and pro-Beijing candidates. Albert Chan gave up his seat in the Lai Hing constituency in Tsuen Wan District to spine the Democratic Party chairman Albert Ho Chun-yan in Lok Tsui in Tuen Mun District . The People Power failed in winning any seat but a seat in Fung Cheung where its candidate Johnny Mak Ip-sing did not spine the pan-democracy party. After winning just one seat of 62 contested, Albert Chan admitted that

1586-688: The Democratic Party and the Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL). Wong Yeung-tat left and formed the Civic Passion . In May 2013, the People Power once again staged a month-long filibuster by moving a total of 710 amendments on the Budget Appropriation Bill debate, to press for a universal pension scheme and a HK$ 10,000 cash handout to be included in John Tsang's budget. The government warned that

1647-747: The Finance Committee meeting on 15 June and over 100 amendments at the plenary council meeting on 20 June. Bureaux under the Chief Secretary for Administration : Bureaux under the Deputy Chief Secretary for Administration: Bureaux under the Financial Secretary : Bureaux under the Deputy Financial Secretary: Murray MacLehose, Baron MacLehose of Beoch Crawford Murray MacLehose, Baron MacLehose of Beoch , KT , GBE , KCMG , KCVO , DL ( Chinese : 麥理浩 ; 16 October 1917 – 27 May 2000),

1708-713: The Government Secretariat under the Chief Secretary : Branches of the Government Secretariat under the Financial Secretary : In the 1 September 1989 reorganisation, the Recreation and Culture Branch (RCB) was created, taking on some duties from the Municipal Services Branch, such as for culture and recreation, sports, antiquities and country parks management, and others from the Administrative Services and Information Branch, including broadcasting, entertainment and censorship policy. Both branches then ceased to exist. The RCB operated as

1769-693: The Hong Kong government later announced the implementation of a "lockdown policy" in July 1982 to prevent refugees from leaving refugee centers and reduce the impact of refugees on society. The refugee camps remained in operation until the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region closed the final camp in 2000. Other major policies introduced during the MacLehose era included: In order to cooperate with

1830-570: The Japanese army in December 1941 before being repatriated back to Britain in 1942. He returned to China to work with British naval intelligence. During one episode, he reportedly walked into a club in Shantou controlled by the Japanese army where he calmly ordered a gin and tonic before leaving without obstruction. In May 1944 he met British scientist and historian Joseph Needham . MacLehose

1891-656: The LSD in 2010. On the morning of 17 May 2012, Jasper Tsang Yok-sing , President of the Legislative Council adopt Article 92 of the Standing Order, which allows the president follow foreign parliament rules for unregulated behaviours to terminate the debate. In the end, all amendments were defeated and the Bill was passed. Shortly before 2012 LegCo elections , Johnny Mak, the party's sole District Councillor, and his group Democratic Alliance broke apart from

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1952-551: The LSD in disarray. Besides the defected LSD members, the party was formed by political groups including the Wong Yuk-man's Proletariat Political Institute , Power Voters supported by Stephen Shiu Yeuk-yuen , the owner of the Hong Kong Reporter , the re-grouped Frontier and the two pro-ROC organisations China Youth Organization and Democratic Alliance . Although considered part of the pan-democracy camp,

2013-457: The Labour and Welfare, Education and cultural affairs bureaux. The Chief Secretary is to oversee the environment, Food and health, Home affairs, Security, Civil service, and Constitutional and mainland affairs. The Financial Secretary is to oversee Housing, planning and lands, Works, Transport and Financial Services and the treasury bureaux. The Deputy financial secretary will be in overall charge of

2074-533: The Legislative Council Roger Lobo unanimously used the term "MacLehose Era" to describe the entire 1970s and 1980s of Hong Kong under MacLehose's rule. In the early 1990s, it was believed that his more than 10 years as governor of Hong Kong had a profound impact on Hong Kong. In an interview in his later years, MacLehose admitted that during his tenure, he was "committed to rapidly expanding social services and housing supply" in response to

2135-442: The People Power, as Johnny Mak wanted to lead a candidate list in the New Territories West . The party gained more than ten percent of the vote in the geographical constituency and won three seats. Wong Yuk-man and Albert Chan were re-elected to the Legislative Council, with Ray Chan newly elected in the New Territories East as the first openly gay legislator in Hong Kong history. Chairman Christopher Lau Gar-hung failed to win

2196-733: The aftermath of the Chinese Civil War in which the Chinese Communist Party took power. MacLehose was seconded to the High Commission of the United Kingdom, Wellington in 1954 and was principal private secretary to Foreign Secretary George Brown in the late 1960s. In this role he helped to oversee the integration of the British Colonial Office into the Foreign Office. In 1967, he

2257-641: The age of 82. After he passed away, then Hong Kong Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa and Chief Secretary for Administration Anson Chan both expressed their sadness. Tung Chee-hwa stated "his passing has caused us to lose a close friend." People Power (Hong Kong) High Court District Court Magistrates' Court Special courts and tribunals: Chief Executive Elections Legislative elections District council elections Consular missions in Hong Kong Hong Kong–China relations Hong Kong–Taiwan relations People Power ( PP )

2318-516: The colonial administrative government in British Malaya in 1939 before being temporarily transferred to British consulate in Xiamen in 1940 to learn Hokkien which was widely spoken in northern Malaya. During World War Two , while under the cover of being the British vice-consul, MacLehose trained Chinese guerrillas to operate behind Japanese lines to carry out sabotage. He was detained by

2379-446: The dissatisfaction expressed by citizens during the 1967 leftist riots. He believed that these policies could not only effectively bring the public and the people closer, but also accelerate the modernization of society and was therefore an important and correct policy for Hong Kong. Due to his fondness for hiking and promotion of outdoor pursuits various nature sites and picnic spots were named after him and his wife in Hong Kong, including

2440-871: The earlier his earlier split with Stephen Shiu Yeuk-yuen, the owner of the Hong Kong Reporter and People Power's financial supporters over the Occupy Central plan. In March 2014, in a by-election for the South Horizons West seat on the Southern District Council , the group's chairman Erica Yuen secured second place with 1,083 votes, behind Judy Chan Ka-pui of the New People's Party (2,023 votes) and ahead of veteran Democrat Sin Chung-kai (920 votes). In

2501-491: The government's decision to postpone the 2020 Legislative Council election , Chan resigned from the Legislative Council in September 2020, which left the party with no representation in the legislature. The People Power was established in early 2011 after two legislators Raymond Wong Yuk-man and Albert Chan Wai-yip quit the League of Social Democrats (LSD), citing disagreement with leader Andrew To and his faction. About two hundred of their supporters joined them, leaving

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2562-539: The government, "aimed at providing better service to the public while boosting governance". Under the plan, two more deputy secretaries are to be created – a new deputy chief secretary and deputy financial secretary – to join the chief secretary, financial secretary, and secretary for justice. Leung announced his desire to create a Culture Bureau; Housing and Transport would be split into two bureaux and Housing would merge with Lands and planning. The newly created Deputy chief secretary position will be responsible for

2623-419: The improvement of Sino-British relations, MacLehose took a series of actions to repair the tense relations between China and Hong Kong since the Cultural Revolution and the June 7th riots. MacLehose was the first Governor of Hong Kong to make an official visit to China since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Alexander Grantham had been the first Hong Kong governor had visited Beijing in 1955, but in

2684-522: The laws out of concern that it would be met with hostility by the more socially conservative Chinese population. Homosexuality was later decriminalized in Hong Kong by the British administration and Legislative Council in 1991. MacLehose was convinced China would eventually reclaim Hong Kong and opposed any significant move towards constitutional democracy in Hong Kong. Under MacLehose's tenure, Hong Kong faced significant problems with illegal immigration from mainland China due to political turmoil following

2745-428: The lead in implementing further democratic reforms before China and Britain discussed the handover of Hong Kong and stated that this was a missed opportunity. MacLehose later insisted he did not "give Hong Kong away" to China but admitted out of concern of angering the Chinese government he felt an "obvious sense of powerlessness" in implementing democratic reforms and believed the implementation of universal suffrage for

2806-407: The mainland were intensified. His tenure also saw the arrival of Vietnamese boat people following the Fall of Saigon . MacLehose found sites across Hong Kong to set up twelve refugee centers, which were jointly managed by the Hong Kong government and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees . After MacLehose left office, the Vietnamese refugee problem continued to plague Hong Kong. Although

2867-412: The official swearing-in ceremony of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 's Chief Executive on 1 July 1997, which was boycotted by the British Government. MacLehose married Margaret Noël Dunlop, the daughter of Scottish cricketer Thomas Dunlop in 1947. They had twin daughters born in 1949. One of his daughters Sylvia became an activist for the rights of disabled people after being paralyzed in

2928-402: The original appearance of Hong Kong, transforming it from a relatively traditional colony into a rapidly developing large region. He was particularly praised for his efforts to improve education, medical care, public transportation and anti-corruption measures. When MacLehose finished his term as Governor of Hong Kong in 1982, the South China Morning Post and the chief unofficial member of

2989-401: The party was formed as the coalition to spite the pro-democratic Democratic Party who supported the 2010 constitutional reform package in the 2011 District Council elections ,. The People Power claimed that the Democratic Party had already defected to the Chinese Communist Party and "sold out" the voters. The party filled in 62 candidates, many of them ran in the constituencies against both

3050-477: The people of Hong Kong would be resilient enough to work the situation out. Members of Hong Kong's pro-democracy camp have said that although MacLehose improved the relationship between Hong Kong and China, he overly accommodated China during talks with Xiaoping by not negotiating for China to accept democratic autonomy and universal suffrage in Hong Kong as part of the handover deal. Democratic Party politician Martin Lee once criticized MacLehose for not taking

3111-408: The potential security breach, Wilson and Brown decided against allowing an investigation into MacLehose's error out of appreciation of his abilities and record. This decision likely saved his career, and allowed MacLehose to proceed to his next post as British Ambassador to the Republic of Vietnam in 1967. Between this time and 1971, MacLehose served in the British Embassy in Beijing and briefly as

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3172-402: The responsibilities of the principal officials . Then-Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying established the Innovation and Technology Bureau in 2015. Bureaux under the Chief Secretary for Administration : Bureaux under the Financial Secretary : Pursuant to the 2021 Policy address , Carrie Lam announced a government restructuring proposal in January 2022 to be considered and implemented by

3233-403: The service would shut down if the budget bill do not pass. Jasper Tsang ordered to end the filibuster on 13 May after 55 hours spent to debate 17 of the 148 amendments. The Appropriation Bill was passed on 21 May 2013 with 684 amendments negatived. On 20 May 2013, Wong Yuk-man announced his resignation from People Power along with Proletariat Political Institute. It was believed to be related to

3294-450: The strategy had failed. Nevertheless, he insisted that the party would 'stay the course'. In May 2012, Albert Chan and Wong Yuk-man staged a weeks-long filibuster by submitting 1306 amendments altogether to the Legislative Council (Amendment) Bill 2012 , by which the government attempted to forbid resigning lawmakers from participating in by-elections as the government's response to the " Five Constituency Referendum movement" launched by

3355-438: Was a British politician, diplomat and colonial official who served as the 25th Governor of Hong Kong , from 1971 to 1982. He was the longest-serving governor of the colony, with four successive terms in office. He previously worked for the British Council in China and was the British Ambassador to South Vietnam and Denmark . Although MacLehose came from a diplomatic background and lacked colonial administrative experience, he

3416-453: Was appointed the British Ambassador to South Vietnam and held the role until 1969. His career was almost stalled when he left a copy of a confidential telegram in a bank in 1967. The document contained correspondence between then British Prime Minister Harold Wilson and US President Lyndon Johnson concerning the Vietnam War . Another British diplomat was able to recover the telegram before its contents could be leaked. Upon being informed of

3477-408: Was awarded the Order of the British Empire by the British government in 1946 for his wartime service. At the end of the Second World War, MacLehose served as the British Acting Consul in Fuzhou before becoming Consul General for the British Foreign Office in Hankou in 1948. He developed a keen interest in Chinese culture and learned to speak Mandarin . MacLehose returned to Britain in 1950 in

3538-428: Was born in Glasgow , Scotland , on 16 October 1917, the second child of Hamish Alexander MacLehose who owned a printing business and Margaret Bruce Black. He was born whilst his father was away serving with the 8th Battalion of the Scottish Rifles during the First World War . MacLehose attended Rugby School in 1931 and Balliol College , Oxford where he read modern history. After graduating he began working for

3599-431: Was generally regarded as one of the most successful and popular governors of Hong Kong due to the number of social reforms enacted during his time and for Hong Kong's economic success during his time in office. Although his tenure as governor finished before formal British-Sino negotiations over Hong Kong commenced, he sought to improve diplomatic relations with China and held talks with Deng Xiaoping . Murray MacLehose

3660-505: Was made a life peer as Baron MacLehose of Beoch , of Maybole in the District of Kyle and Carrick and of Victoria in Hong Kong, later that year. He sat as a crossbench peer in the House of Lords . In 1983, MacLehose was made a Knight of the Thistle . In 1992 he was awarded an honorary doctorate (LLD) by the University of Hong Kong . When he was 80 years old, he, alongside former Prime Minister Sir Edward Heath and former Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary Lord Howe , attended

3721-446: Was under pressure after the imposition of the national security law and the arrest of democrats , including Chan and Tam. After Chan resigned as the party chairman and quitted the party in May 2021, Leung Ka-shing became the acting chairman. However, in December 2021, Leung was accused of attempting nominating a non-member as an executive of the party, reportedly filling up the vacancy by former vice-chairlady Chin Po-fun. 38 members left

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