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40-730: The plot of the Gohlis Palace stretches between the streets named Menckestrasse (courtyard side) and Poetenweg (garden side) in Leipzig-Gohlis. It is about 2 kilometres (1 mi) from the city center and only 200 metres (656 ft) from the Rosental landscape park via Turmgutstrasse and the Parthe Bridge ( Parthenbrücke ). In 1755/56, the Leipzig councillor and council architect Johann Caspar Richter (1708–1770) had

80-484: A 36 metres (118 ft) tall tower-like structure, which is why the complex was previously called the Turmgut (Tower Manor). Because of the hillside location, in addition to the ground and upper floors on the courtyard side, there is also a base floor on the garden side. The risalits and the tower structure feature decorative Rococo elements ( rocailles ) . The middle section contains three representative rooms, one above

120-540: A central ornamental fountain and several statues, including the statue of Frederick Augustus I of Saxony , which stood on Königsplatz (now Wilhelm-Leuschner-Platz) until 1937 and is also a work by Adam Friedrich Oeser. Of all the upper-class palaces and estates of the Baroque period that were scattered in and around the wealthy trading city of Leipzig, the Gohlis Palace is the last one still standing because it did not fall victim to land speculation around 1900, like many of

160-426: A cultural café for catering or can be booked for company or private family celebrations. The main building of the Gohlis Palace is a three-wing complex about 40 metres (131 ft) wide with side wings just 4 metres (13 ft) long on the courtyard side. The risalit in the middle section is flat on the courtyard side and arched outwards on the garden side and is slightly divided by lesene strips. Above this rises

200-532: A military hospital. In 1832, the city council sold it to the Alvensleben family, from whom it passed in the next generation to the Leipzig merchant Christoph Georg Conrad Nitzsche. In 1906, the city finally became the owner of the building. After renovation in 1934/35, it was opened to the public as a "House of Culture" and used for cultural events. From 1951 to 1985, the Bach Archive Leipzig

240-494: A summer palace built in the then village of Gohlis, northwest of Leipzig. The plot of land on which the building was constructed was created by merging two adjacent farms that belonged to Christiana Regina Richter (1724–1780), the owner's wife. Comparative studies suggest that the Leipzig municipal architect Friedrich Seltendorff (1686–1752), who was influenced by the Dresden architect Johann Christoph Knöffel (1700–1778), provided

280-523: The Brothers Grimm , the origin is assumed to be a Slavic word : "often as a place name. The famous Rosenthal near Leipzig (see ALBRECHT 193b), however, a city forest, has nothing to do with rose, but is possibly a folk etymological distortion of the Slavic rozdot, hollow, deep and wide lowland." Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz , a philosopher and polymath from Leipzig, reports that in the 1660s, when he

320-583: The espagnolettes à aigrette , small busts of young women, applied to the corners of his commodes and desks. This became a common decoration used by other masters of the rocaille. Other notable furniture craftsmen included the members of the Cresson family, Louis Cresson (1706–1761), Rene Cresson (1705–1749) and Michel Cresson (1709–1781), all of whom provided exceptionally crafted chairs, armoires , commodes and other furnishings for royal residences. Their children also became menuisiers and ébénistes during

360-579: The Belgian-born Bavarian decorative artist François de Cuvilliés . The style also became very popular for a time in Italy, particularly in Venice, and spread to Austria, Bavaria and Spain, where it took on a more exuberant and overcharged form. The discovery of Greek antiquities beginning in 1738 at Herculanum and especially at Pompeii in 1748 turned French architecture in the direction of

400-493: The German Jean-Claude Duplessis . The master cabinet makers or ébénistes of rocaille furniture included Mathieu Criaerd (1689–1776), who became a master in 1738. He was particularly known both for his fine marquetry or inlay, and for his chests with a Chinese or Japanese theme, with fine Chinese lacquer or Martin varnish, and ornaments of gilded and sculpted bronze. Another important figure of

440-480: The Leipzig council of having fraudulently obtained the contract. The council was then forced to begin redesigning the Rosental at the end of November 1707 according to a plan by Johann Christoph von Naumann . The large meadow and thirteen radial, mostly pathless view corridors (six are still visible today) were cut into the Rosental. The corridors were aligned with interesting points in the area. At their intersection,

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480-704: The Strong during his stays in Leipzig. In 1777, at the suggestion of Hofrat Johann Gottlob Böhme , the Dammweg was built, the first walking path through the Rosental. It led from Gohlis to the Rosental Gate and was further enhanced for visitors in 1782 and 1824 with the opening of two cafés (the Schweizerhäuschen and the Café Bonorand). The Rosental was given its current park-like design by

520-513: The annual open-air-concerts Klassik airleben of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra on the great meadow in the Rosental park attracted ten thousands of listeners every year. 51°21′00″N 12°21′49″E  /  51.35000°N 12.36361°E  / 51.35000; 12.36361 Rocaille Rocaille ( US : / r oʊ ˈ k aɪ , r ɒ ˈ k aɪ / ro(h)- KY , French: [ʁɔkɑj] )

560-621: The cast iron and gilded fences and gates created by iron maker Jean Lamour for the new Place Stanislas in Nancy between 1750 and 1758 as the Duchy of Lorraine was attached to France. The square was completed with an ensemble of buildings whose balconies and suspended lamps matched the grillwork of the fence and gates. The Rocaille influenced the Chippendale style in England, and the work of

600-529: The cheerful mood and lightness of the Rococo is conveyed and the Gohlis Palace is developed into a center of social life and civic responsibility. The rooms are used for concerts and theater events as well as exhibitions. The Oeser Hall on the upper floor is available for civil and non-denominational weddings, while the stone hall, which can be accessed from the gardens, provides a dignified setting for funeral ceremonies. Guided tours are held and some rooms are used as

640-687: The city of Leipzig. The origin of the name Rosental is still unclear. In 1714, the chronicler Johann Jacob Vogel wrote in the Leipzig Chronicon : “The Rosental has the name of charming, shady and fun walks, just as other fun and pleasant places bear the name of paradise, or like vineyards in Jena , on this side of the Saale river, which are called Rosenberge because of their charm.” In the Deutsches Wörterbuch (German dictionary) of

680-479: The design. Due to the high contribution payments that Richter, as a wealthy citizen of Leipzig, had to make during the Seven Years' War , the interior work was delayed. After Johann Caspar Richter's death in 1770, the next husband of Richter's widow, Johann Gottlob Böhme (1717–1780), professor of history at Leipzig University , completed the work. The Leipzig painter and sculptor Adam Friedrich Oeser created

720-498: The east. The name Rosental was first mentioned in a document in 1318. The forest, which was owned by the Saxon electors , was sold to the Leipzig council by John George II, Elector of Saxony on 1 September 1663. As the agreed purchase price of 17,142 guilders was offset against the elector's debts to the city, the seller was left with less than 6,000 guilders. His grandson Augustus II the Strong later contested this deal and accused

760-495: The garden artist Rudolph Siebeck from 1837 onwards. An irregular network of paths and new plantings took away the park's strict layout. On its eastern side, the Rosental lost a large area due to several expansions of the Leipzig Zoological Garden . However, with the last expansion and the associated completion of the so-called zoo showcase in 1976, a wide ditch between the zoo and the Rosental, an insight into

800-406: The halls are each reached via a simple corridor on the courtyard side and contain exhibits on the history of the house and sample furnishings, as not much of the house's original furnishings has been preserved despite its eventful history. As a bourgeois country house, the palace has no representative entrance rooms or a magnificent staircase. Due to the long period of time between the construction and

840-403: The interior work of the house, the latter is no longer characterized by Rococo, but rather by Classicism . After the garden, two single-storey extensions, each about 50 metres (164 ft) long, are attached to the main building. The eastern extension, which now serves as a café, used to house a bowling alley and a billiards room. The western extension was the orangery . The garden contains

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880-691: The magnificent Baroque buildings in the city center. (Incorporates information translated from the German Misplaced Pages) Rosental The Rosental is a 118 ha (290 acres), park-like part of the northern Leipzig floodplain forest in Leipzig , Germany . It is bordered by the Elstermühlgraben (Elster mill ditch) to the south and west, the small river Parthe to the north and the Leipzig Zoo to

920-419: The other, facing the garden. On the ground floor is the stone or garden room, a vaulted room. Above this is the salon and on the upper floor is the ballroom. The ceiling painting in this room shows a depiction of the "Life of Psyche " by Adam Friedrich Oeser. Next to the door are two evening fantasy landscapes by the same painter. Concerts and other cultural events take place in the ballroom. The rooms next to

960-562: The paintings in the ballroom of the castle. The castle can be seen as an intellectual center during this period. Georg Joachim Göschen and Christian Gottfried Körner are said to have been guests, as was Friedrich Schiller during his stay in Gohlis in 1785. In 1793, the Gohlis Palace was bequeathed to the city of Leipzig. During the Battle of Leipzig of 1813, it initially provided quarters for high-ranking military officers, and then served as

1000-439: The palace complex. The aim is to preserve the culturally and historically significant building and the associated baroque garden in its original structure, in strict compliance with the heritage protection requirements. At the same time, the entire palace complex is to be made accessible to as wide a public as possible. Through culturally appealing and varied event formats, flexible space options and opening times tailored to needs,

1040-403: The plan also envisaged an elaborate eleven-axis palace complex. However, since the construction was to be financed from the city of Leipzig's coffers, the council tried to prevent their construction by citing summer mosquito plagues, regular flooding and the supposed threat of gangs of robbers. In the end, only a wooden observation tower was built. However, this was used extensively by Augustus II

1080-509: The reign of Louis XVI . Rocaille decoration was common in the wooden wall panels and other interior decoration between 1730 and 1750. The trim was usually made of carved and gilded wood or stucco against a white background. The panels in the frames often also had decorative painting, usually of arabesques or colorful floral patterns, and often featured animals or exotic subjects, set in China, Japan, or Turkey. Besides its use in furniture,

1120-747: The rocaille style was the ébéntiste Charles Cressent (1685–1768), who was a master craftsman both in the guild of wood carvers and bronze ornament sculptors, a rare accomplishment earned respectively in 1708 and 1714. Cressent made furniture not only for Louis XV , but also for the King of Portugal and for the Elector of Bavaria. He is best known for his commodes, book cases and desks, which were often inlaid with rosewood and violet wood and equipped with particularly fine rocaille ornament of gilded bronze, including infants intermingled with birds and cascading vegetation. He introduced several stylistic innovations, including

1160-529: The style appeared in porcelain and metalwork. In 1738, the Manufacture de Vincennes was founded thanks to the support of Louis XV and Madame de Pompadour , in order to compete with the manufactories at Chantilly and Meissen . In 1756, the manufactury was moved to a building in Sèvres , built at the initiative of Madame de Pompadour, near her château . The most remarkable rocaille metal work included

1200-744: The term rocaille to designate the style. The style was used particularly in salons, a new style of room designed to impress and entertain guests. The most prominent example was the salon of the Princess in Hôtel de Soubise in Paris, designed by Germain Boffrand and Charles-Joseph Natoire (1735–1740). The characteristics of French Rococo included exceptional artistry, especially in the complex frames made for mirrors and paintings, which sculpted in plaster and often gilded; sinuous curves and counter-cures, and

1240-554: The trivial school, I came across the modern [philosophers], and I remember that at the age of 15 I was wandering alone through a grove near Leipzig, called Rosendal, to decide whether I wanted to keep the Substantial Forms. In the end, mechanism won out and led me to study mathematics." One of the access roads to the Rosental is today the Leibnizstrasse, which continues inside the park as Leibnizweg. Since 2009,

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1280-421: The use of vegetal forms (vines, leaves, flowers) intertwined in complex designs. The leading furniture designers in the style included Juste-Aurele Meissonier and Charles Cressent , along with the wood craftsman Nicolas Pineau . Rocaille decoration was heavily loaded with decoration modeled on seashells, cascades of leaves and flowers, palm leaves, and other natural elements. The decor on walls and furniture

1320-453: The zoo's animal population and a view of the Rosental landscape for zoo visitors is now possible. There is an artificial hill in the northwest of the Rosental. Between 1887 and 1896, 120,000 m (4,200,000 cu ft) (60,000 horse-drawn carts) of household waste were piled up to form the 20 m (66 ft) tall Rosental Hill ("Scherbelberg"). This was planted in 1895 and in 1896 a 15 m (49 ft) tall wooden observation tower

1360-497: Was a French style of exuberant decoration, with an abundance of curves, counter-curves, undulations and elements modeled on nature, that appeared in furniture and interior decoration during the early reign of Louis XV of France . It was a reaction against the heaviness and formality of the Louis XIV style . It began in about 1710, reached its peak in the 1730s, and came to an end in the late 1750s, replaced by Neoclassicism . It

1400-695: Was about fifteen years old, he experienced a first turning point in his philosophical development while taking walks in the Rosental: At that time, he had (provisionally) decided to abandon the idea of substantial form , which was central to the traditional Aristotelian worldview. Etant emancipé des Ecoles Triviales, je tombay sur les modernes, et je me souviens que je me promenay seul dans un boscage aupres de Leipzig, appellé le Rosendal, à l’âge de 15 ans, pour delibérer si je garderois les Formes Substantielles. Enfin le Mechanisme prevalut et me porta à m’appliquer aux Mathematiques. "When I had grown out of

1440-627: Was also based here. During the general renovation from 1991 to 1998, the building was restored to its 18th century condition. From 1998, the Cultural Office of the City of Leipzig ran the house. At the end of 2003, austerity measures forced its closure. Between 2004 and 2020, the Friends of Gohliser Schlösschen eV operated the complex. Since 1 April 2021, the newly founded "Gohliser Schlösschen | Musenhof am Rosental gemeinnützige GmbH" has operated

1480-485: Was built on it, designed by Hugo Licht . The tower burned down completely as a result of the heavy bombing raid on 4 December 1943. Since 1975, a new 20 m (66 ft) tall observation tower made of steel has stood on this site. At the northwest end of the Rosental is the Rosental sewage treatment plant of the Kommunale Wasserwerke Leipzig, the central wastewater treatment facility of

1520-529: Was the beginning of the French Baroque movement in furniture and design, and also marked the beginning of the Rococo movement, which spread to Italy, Bavaria and Austria by the mid-18th century. Rocaille was exuberant and inspired by nature like Rococo, but, unlike Rococo, it was usually symmetrical and not overloaded with decoration. It took its name from the mixture of rock, seashell and plaster that

1560-530: Was used to create a picturesque effect in grottos during the Renaissance , and from the name of a seashell-shaped ornament which was frequent feature of Rocaille decoration. In 1736, the designer and jeweler Jean Mondon published the Premier Livre: De forme Rocquaille et Cartel , a collection of designs for ornaments of furniture and interior decoration. It was the first appearance in print of

1600-522: Was usually made of carved wood or plaster which was gilded. The French designer Bernard Toro produced a book of flamboyant early Rocaille patterns in 1716, which was widely circulated in Europe. The first major craftsman in the style was Juste-Aurèle Meissonnier , followed by Jean Bérain the Elder , Gilles-Marie Oppenordt , Nicolas Pineau , and the sculptor-modelers Thomas Germain , Jacques Caffieri , and

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