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38-494: In 2007, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) heroin production estimates for the past 10 years showed significant changes in the primary source areas. In 1991, Afghanistan became the world's primary opium producer, with a yield of 1,782 metric tons (U.S. State Department estimates), surpassing Myanmar , formerly the world leader in opium production. The decrease in heroin production from Myanmar

76-526: Is a high demand for opiates. In Pakistan the majority of traffickers arrested are 38% Nigerians and 32% Pakistanis. These traffickers, essential to the transportation of the drugs from the source to end-user markets, make large profits because of how risky the job is. A rough estimate of how many people are currently involved in drug trafficking is above one million. The majority of opium produced in Afghanistan comes from Helmand and Kandahar provinces. Of

114-530: Is a legally binding instrument that entered into force on 29 September 2003, through which States parties commit to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime. States that ratify the convention has the duty of creation of domestic offences to combat the problem, the adoption of new, sweeping frameworks for mutual legal assistance, extradition, law enforcement cooperation, technical assistance and training. The convention signifies an important stage in dealing with transnational crime by recognizing

152-469: Is a yearly publication that presents a comprehensive assessment of the international drug problem, with detailed information on the illicit drug situation. It provides estimates and information on trends in the production, trafficking and use of opium/heroin, coca/cocaine, cannabis and amphetamine-type stimulants. The Report, based on data and estimates collected or prepared by Governments, UNODC and other international institutions, attempts to identify trends in

190-507: Is the inclusion of a specific chapter on asset recovery which aimed at returning assets to their rightful owners including countries from which they had been taken illicitly. UNODC, as the custodian of UNCAC, is also one of the main initiators of the establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy (IACA), whose main function is to, among other things, facilitate more effective implementation of

228-463: Is the result of several years of unfavorable growing conditions and new government policies of forced eradication. Afghan heroin production increased during the same time frame, with a notable decrease in 2001 allegedly as a result of the Taliban 's fatwa against heroin production. Afghanistan has produced over 90% of the world's illicit opium in the recent past. In addition to opiates , Afghanistan

266-569: Is used to provoke young people to consider the implications of using drugs, and particularly injecting drugs. The Blue Heart Campaign seeks to encourage involvement and action to help stop trafficking in persons. The campaign also allows people to show solidarity with the victims of human trafficking by wearing the Blue Heart. The use of the blue UN colour demonstrates the commitment of the United Nations to combat this crime. In 2007,

304-560: The 1950s. The Golden Triangle began making an impact on the opium and morphine market in the 1980s and has steadily increased its output since then in order to match the increasing demand. During the invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, a retaliation to the September 11th terrorist attacks , the Golden Crescent's opium production took a huge hit, producing almost 90% less opium than in 2000. At the peak of its opium production in 2007,

342-585: The 5,300 tons of opium produced in Afghanistan, 2,700 tons is transformed into heroin. In 2008, almost half of the heroin produced was used in Iran. Even though Afghanistan is the leading producer, only 7% was used there. Although the Golden Triangle heroin dominates the Asian illegal drug markets, the Golden Crescent is increasingly becoming a source of illicit drugs trafficked into western China, particularly

380-572: The Americas and Central Asia and supplies almost 9.5 million opiate users worldwide. Despite worldwide efforts to capture and to seize as much opium product as possible, total opiate seizures brought in only 23.5% of the total estimated product distributed worldwide. Of these seizures around 97% of opium and morphine seizures are made in the Middle East and heroin seizures are made mostly in India,

418-571: The Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division in the United Nations Office at Vienna were merged to form the Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention. This was renamed United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in 2002. The United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme Network (PNI)  [ wikidata ] is a network consisting of UNODC as well as many crime-related institutes and other centres around

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456-575: The Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division in the United Nations Office at Vienna , adopting the current name in 2002. The agency's focus is the trafficking and abuse of illicit drugs , crime prevention and criminal justice , international terrorism , and political corruption . It is a member of the United Nations Development Group . In 2022–23, it had an estimated biannual budget of US$ 822 million. The United Nations International Drug Control Program (UNDCP) and

494-453: The Golden Crescent produced more than 8,000 of the world's almost 9,000 total tons of opium, a near monopoly . The Golden Crescent also dominates the cannabis resin market due to the high resin yields of the region (145 kg/ha), four times more than Morocco (36 kg/ha). The Golden Crescent also caters to a much larger market, about 64% more than the Golden Triangle. It produces and distributes over 2,500 tons of opiates to Africa, Europe,

532-567: The Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts and Components and Ammunition was adopted to prevent and provide a cooperative measure for illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By adopting the protocol, the member states commit to adopt domestic criminal offences for illegal manufacturing, providing governmental licensing ammunition, and keeping track of

570-798: The International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking. On 9 December every year, UNODC commemorates the International Anti-Corruption Day. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) started this international campaign to raise awareness about the major challenge that illicit drugs represent to society as a whole, and especially to the young. The goal of the campaign is to mobilize support and to inspire people to act against drug abuse and trafficking. The campaign encourages young people to put their health first and not to take drugs. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) has teamed up with

608-433: The Middle East and Europe. In Afghanistan, only 1%t of the heroin that is exported illegally is intercepted and destroyed by the national governments. Although Afghanistan is the major producer of opiates in the Golden Crescent, most of the seizures are made in Iran. This is because traffickers are arrested while crossing the border from Afghanistan to Iran so that they can distribute the product to Europe and Africa where there

646-430: The Office's funding comes from voluntary contributions, mainly from governments. These are the main themes that UNODC deals with: alternative development, anti-corruption , criminal justice , prison reform and crime prevention , drug prevention, treatment and care, HIV and AIDS , human trafficking and migrant smuggling , money laundering , organized crime , piracy , terrorism prevention. The World Drug Report

684-762: The UNCAC. There are three drug related treaties that guide UNODC's drug related programs. These are: The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol; the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 and the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988. These three major international drug control treaties are mutually supportive and complementary. An important purpose of

722-584: The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) to run this campaign as a focus on how corruption hinders efforts to achieve the internationally agreed upon MDGs, undermines democracy and the rule of law, leads to human rights violations, distorts markets, erodes quality of life and allows organized crime, terrorism and other threats to human security to flourish. Young people aged 15 to 24 account for an estimated 40 per cent of new adult (15+) HIV infections worldwide. In some parts of

760-766: The United Nations adopted the UN Convention against Corruption (UNCAC). The Convention came into force in December 2005. As of 9 November 2012, 140 countries had signed and 164 countries (States Parties) had ratified the UNCAC. UNODC serves as the Secretariat for the Conference of the States Parties (CoSP) to the UNCAC. UNCAC is a legally binding instrument (perhaps the only anti-corruption legally binding global instrument). A highlight of UNCAC

798-605: The adoption and implementation of various crime-, drug-, terrorism-, and corruption-related conventions, treaties and protocols, as well as technical/financial assistance to said governments to face their respective situations and challenges in these fields. The office aims long-term to better equip governments to handle drug-, crime -, terrorism -, and corruption -related issues, to maximise knowledge on these issues among governmental institutions and agencies, and also to maximise awareness of said matters in public opinion, globally, nationally and at community level. Approximately 90% of

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836-725: The agency's Executive Director. Yuri Fedotov , the former Russian Ambassador to the United Kingdom, held this position from 2010 until 2019, when the United Nations Secretary-General announced that Ms. Ghada Fathi Waly of Egypt would replace him as both executive director of UNODC and Director General of the United Nations Office at Vienna . UNODC incorporates the secretariat of the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB). UNODC's Terrorism Prevention Branch

874-581: The ammunition. In its resolution 55/61, the General Assembly recognized that an effective international legal instrument against corruption, independent of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime was desirable. The text of the convention was negotiated during seven sessions held between 21 January 2002 and 1 October 2003. The convention was adopted by the General Assembly on 31 October 2003. In 2003,

912-472: The evolution of global illicit drug markets. Through the World Drug Report , UNODC aims to enhance member states' understanding of global illicit drug trends and increase their awareness of the need for the more systematic collection and reporting of data relating to illicit drugs. United Nations Conventions and their related Protocols underpin all the operational work of UNODC. The convention

950-433: The first two treaties is to codify internationally applicable control measures in order to ensure the availability of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances for medical and scientific purposes, and to prevent their diversion into illicit channels. They also include general provisions on trafficking and drug abuse. UNODC launches campaigns to raise awareness of drugs and crime problems. On 26 June every year, UNODC marks

988-818: The five largest donors to UNODC's budget in descending order were: European Union , Canada , United States , the UN itself, and Finland . According to the Transnational Institute this explains why, until recently, UNODC did not promote harm reduction policies like needle exchange and heroin-assisted treatment . (This despite the actions of United Nations bodies (i.e. WHO and UNAIDS ), who support these policies.) UNODC promotes other methods for drug use prevention, treatment and care that UNODC sees as "based on scientific evidence and on ethical standards". The UNODC has been criticized by human rights organizations such as Amnesty International for not promoting

1026-566: The global network of United Nations Libraries, the library works with the various United Nations libraries across the globe. The library at Vienna also works closely with the International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Library and the United Nations Information Service (UNIS) Library. The Library's collection includes: The Library has also developed a series of research guides on subjects related to

1064-726: The inclusion of adherence to international human rights standards within its project in Iran , where there are "serious concerns regarding unfair trials and executions of those suspected of drug offences." UNODC has signed a partnership with the controversial Rule of Law and Anti-Corruption Center , which was founded by Ali Bin Fetais Al-Marri , the General-Prosecutor of Qatar. Ali Bin Fetais Al-Marri has been accused of ill-gotten gains, corruption and support for Al-Qaeda terrorists by several media. He has also defended

1102-499: The life imprisonment of a Qatari poet and human rights campaigner. 48°14′0″N 16°25′1″E  /  48.23333°N 16.41694°E  / 48.23333; 16.41694 United Nations Office at Vienna The United Nations Office at Vienna ( UNOV ) is one of the four major office sites of the United Nations where numerous different UN agencies have a joint presence. UNOV was established on 1 January 1980, and

1140-562: The nearby Xinjiang Province. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime ( UNODC ; French : Office des Nations unies contre la drogue et le crime ) is a United Nations office that was established in 1997 as the Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention by combining the United Nations International Drug Control Program (UNDCP) and

1178-481: The protocol is to protect the victims of trafficking in persons with full respect. The Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air is concerned with the aggravating problem of organized crime groups for smuggling persons. The protocol aims to combat and prevent transnational smuggling as well as to promote cooperative measures for enhancing protective measures for victims. The Protocol against

Golden Crescent - Misplaced Pages Continue

1216-498: The seriousness of the problem that the crime poses, and gaining understanding from the member states of the importance of a cooperative measure. The convention is complemented by three different protocols: The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children aims to provide a convergence in the states' domestic offences in the investigation and the persecution process. Another objective of

1254-539: The work of the United Nations entities based in Vienna. These guides provide more information on the work done in Vienna, and highlight resources for further research in those subject areas. Some of the guides include: The courtyards and corridors of the United Nations Office at Vienna are adorned with many works of art. In June 2009 Iran donated a pavilion to the United Nations Office in Vienna, which

1292-494: The world, and in some marginalized sub-groups, the most frequent modes of HIV transmission for these young people are unsafe injecting drug use and unsafe sexual activities. Because young people are also often more likely to use drugs, The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) targets this population with a campaign to raise awareness about drug use and its connection to the spread of HIV and AIDS. The slogan: "Think Before You Start ... Before You Shoot ... Before You Share"

1330-624: The world. Its aim is to strengthen international co-operation in the areas of crime prevention and criminal justice. The network facilitates the "exchange of information, research, training and public education". UNODC, which as of 2020 employs around 3400 people worldwide, has its headquarters in Vienna , Austria, with 115 field offices and two liaison offices in Brussels and in New York City . The United Nations Secretary-General appoints

1368-467: Was also the world's largest producer of hashish during that time. Opium production and trafficking are known to have funded the Taliban's military activities and insurgency . The Golden Crescent has a much longer history of opium production than Southeast Asia's Golden Triangle. The Golden Triangle emerged as a modern-day opium-producing entity only in the 1980s, after the Golden Crescent had done so in

1406-716: Was headed by International terrorism studies expert Alex P. Schmid from 1999 to 2005. The agency is a member of the United Nations Sustainable Development Group . In 2022–2023 it had an estimated biannual budget of US$ 822 million. UNODC was established to assist the UN in better addressing a coordinated, comprehensive response to the interrelated issues of illicit trafficking in and abuse of drugs, crime prevention and criminal justice, international terrorism, and political corruption. These goals are pursued through three primary functions: research, guidance and support to governments in

1444-886: Was the third such complex to be created. The office complex is located in Vienna , the capital of Austria , and is part of the Vienna International Centre , a cluster of several major international organizations also informally called "UNO city". Headquartered at the Vienna International Centre: Presence at the Vienna International Centre: Daily guided tours of the office are provided. The United Nations Library in Vienna provides library and information services to staff of United Nations units based in Vienna, as well as to any Permanent Missions in Vienna and select clients. As part of

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