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59-498: The party was formed as a result in a split by prominent former members of Turkey's Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) and later joined by some former members of the main opposition Republican People's Party (CHP). The party's founder and chairperson, Meral Akşener, and its deputy chairperson, Koray Aydın , are both former members of the MHP before establishing the party. Plans to form a new party emerged amongst prominent MHP defectors after

118-537: A Pan-Turkist and Turkish nationalist political agenda throughout the latter half of the 20th century. Devlet Bahçeli took over after Türkeş's death in 1997. The party's youth wing is the Grey Wolves ( Bozkurtlar ) organization, which is also known as the "Nationalist Hearths" ( Ülkü Ocakları ) which played one of the biggest roles during the political violence in Turkey in the 1970s . Alparslan Türkeş founded

177-767: A schism within the party , resulting in Meral Akşener leaving MHP to found the center-right İYİ Party . The MHP supported a 'Yes' vote in the 2017 referendum , and formed the People's Alliance electoral pact with the AKP for the 2018 Turkish general election . MHP currently supports a minority government led by the AKP, and has 48 MPs in the Turkish Parliament. The MHP represents the Nine-Light doctrine , based on Turkish nationalism shaped by Islam . The MHP

236-483: A women's wing . Akşener advocated that women's wings discriminate against women. Instead İYİ Party has mandatory women's quota of 25% for all branches and candidates of her party, including the general administrative board. As of 2023, İYİ party's 43 MP delegation to the Grand National Assembly contains only 5 women, which is a ratio of 11.6%. Akşener and her party has promoted pro-Europeanism , and

295-534: A banner reading "We crave Chinese blood" at the Ülkücü Istanbul headquarters, caused an uproar in both Turkish and international media. Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey The Supreme Election Council ( Turkish : Yüksek Seçim Kurulu ; YSK ) is the highest electoral authority in Turkey . It was established by the Deputies Election Law no. 5545 on 16 February 1950. After the 1960 coup ,

354-491: A big city to earn as much an extra $ 646 annually. The MHP stated that their economic policies would create 700,000 jobs, increase the national income per person to $ 13.3K, and increase exports to $ 238 billion while keeping annual growth at 5.2 percent between 2016 and 2019, although this did not occur, as the GDP per capita and standard of living plummeted in Turkey from 12,614 USD in 2014 to 9,126 in 2019. In July 2015, amidst

413-509: A coalition. MHP deputy leader Celal Adan claimed that 'even using our party's name in the same sentence as the HDP will be counted as cruelty by us.' In early September 2015, the MHP and the HDP both voted against the new interim election government ministers from taking their oaths of office, causing speculation of whether the MHP was dropping their harsh stance against the HDP. However, Semih Yalçın downplayed any notions of an alliance between

472-877: A full adoption of UNESCO Declaration of Animal Rights. The party supports freedom of speech, and was against the 2017–2020 block of Misplaced Pages in Turkey . After the United States Congress voted to recognize the Armenian Genocide in 2019, party spokesperson Yavuz Ağıralioğlu  [ tr ] said, "We will retaliate against it with our decision to name our children Enver , Cemal and Talat ". (birth–death) ( 1956-07-18 ) July 18, 1956 (age 68) ( 1960-02-01 ) February 1, 1960 (age 64) Source: Source: Nationalist Movement Party The Nationalist Movement Party (alternatively translated as Nationalist Action Party ; Turkish : Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi , MHP )

531-448: A statement claiming that he owned the patents as of 24 October 2015. The AKP Mayor of Bilecik , Selim Yağcı, threatened legal action alleging that the logo was stolen from the official seal of Bilecik Province . The Kayı tribe Association also announced legal challenges, claiming that they had the patent to the flag since 2014. A former AKP mayoral candidate alleged that the party's slogan belonged to him and threatened legal challenges if

590-402: A violent coup d'état led by General Kenan Evren , the party was banned, along with all other active political parties at the time, and many of its leading members were imprisoned. Many party members joined the neoliberal Anavatan Partisi or various Islamist parties. Party member, Agah Oktay Güner , noted that the party's ideology was in power while its members were in prison. The party

649-526: A wave of protests against the Xinjiang conflict , MHP-affiliated Ülkücü attacked South Korean tourists on Istanbul's Sultanahmet Square . In an interview with Turkish columnist Ahmet Hakan , MHP leader Devlet Bahçeli played the attacks down, stating that "These are young kids. They may have been provoked. Plus, how are you going to differentiate between Korean and Chinese? They both have slanted eyes. Does it really matter?" Bahceli's remarks, including

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708-497: Is a Turkish far-right , ultranationalist political party . The group is often described as neo-fascist , and has been linked to violent paramilitaries and organized crime groups . Its leader is Devlet Bahçeli . The party was formed in 1969 by former Turkish Army colonel Alparslan Türkeş , who had become leader of the Republican Villagers Nation Party (CKMP) in 1965. The party mainly followed

767-433: Is in favor of continuing European integration of Turkey and close relations between EU and Turkey. However she is against a "privileged partnership" and does not refrain from criticizing the certain attitudes implemented by EU in the past process in its party program, stating that "Positive EU-Turkey relations are vital for EU as vital as they are to Turkey, but de facto freeze of the full membership process and negotiations

826-538: Is more important than tolerance because tolerance usually describes a majority's behavior upon a minority which is not the case in Turkish society . Her campaign drew attention to the drastic increase of cases of violence against women and rape in Turkey under the AKP administration. Akşener declared her pledge to lift good conduct time in all cases of violence against women and rape, and instead of forcefully sending women to therapy in such cases, her party would send

885-404: Is not only because of Turkey's inability to satisfy all the membership requirements but also because of EU's policy towards Turkey being shaped through interior fears in line with rising racist sentiment across EU in the last years." İYİ Party supports Turkey's NATO membership. They oppose Sweden's accession into NATO . Listing the party's reservations to vote "yes" for Sweden's NATO membership,

944-479: Is on the centre of the political spectrum. The media describes İYİ Party as a Turkish nationalist , conservative and Kemalist political party on the centre-right or right-wing . The party advocates for a new constitution and a parliamentary form of government and is opposed to Erdoğan's executive aggrandizement . Although the party described itself as nationalist conservative during its formation period, its ideology represents civic nationalism rather than

1003-458: Is widely described as a neo-fascist party Since the 1990s it has, under the leadership of Devlet Bahçeli, gradually moderated its programme, turning from ethnic to cultural nationalism and conservatism and stressing the unitary nature of the Turkish state. Notably, it has moved from strict secularism to a more pro-Islamic stance, and has – at least in public statements – accepted

1062-507: The 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum , it was announced that MHP dissidents would unite under a new party led by Akşener, with the party's official announcement expected in September or October 2017. During its preparation period, the party was touted as a 'nationalist conservative' alternative to the MHP and the AKP, while endorsing the principles of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk . The party was also described to be strictly centrist . During

1121-672: The Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) and the governing Justice and Development Party (AKP). Meral Akşener , a former Minister of the Interior who served from 1996 to 1997, was a prominent member of parliament from the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) from 2007 to November 2015, having been a member of the centre-right True Path Party (DYP) during her ministerial career. Her relation with MHP leader Devlet Bahçeli became noticeably strained after Bahçeli refused to nominate her for another term as Deputy Speaker of

1180-569: The parliamentary election , receiving 9.96% of the vote. Akşener continued the alliance with Kılıçdaroğlu 's CHP, dividing the country into regions where only CHP and İYİ candidates would run without interfering with each other. Ekrem İmamoğlu and Mansur Yavaş won as joint Nation Alliance candidates for the Istanbul and Ankara municipalities respectively, however İYİ failed to capture any provincial or metropolitan mayorships for themselves. In 2020, prominent İYİ member Ümit Özdağ separated from

1239-565: The 10% threshold. The party has also been described as following the ideology of Islamokemalism and espousing Turkish-Islamic synthesis . Due to their ideological differences, the MHP is strongly opposed to any form of dialogue with the left-wing pro-Kurdish Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP), which Devlet Bahçeli has often opposed by voting against in Parliament. A notable example was in the June–July 2015 parliamentary speaker elections, where

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1298-675: The AKP for the 2018 Turkish general election . MHP currently supports a minority government led by the AKP. In 1965, nationalist politician and ex- Colonel Alparslan Türkeş, who had trained in the United States for NATO , founded the Turkish Gladio Special Warfare Department , gained control of the conservative rural Republican Villagers Nation Party ( Turkish : Cumhuriyetçi Köylü Millet Partisi , CKMP). During an Extraordinary Great Congress held at Adana in Turkey on 1969, Türkeş changed

1357-401: The AKP. This caused a schism within the party , resulting in Meral Akşener leaving MHP to found the nationalist, centrist, and pro-European İYİ Party . Many high-ranking MHP members such as Ümit Özdağ , Sinan Oğan , and Koray Aydın would also either leave it or be expelled later. The MHP supported a 'Yes' vote in the 2017 referendum , and formed the People's Alliance electoral pact with

1416-530: The Grand National Assembly after the June 2015 general election , a post she had held since 2007. Bahçeli eventually withdrew her parliamentary nomination before the November 2015 snap election , resulting in her losing her parliamentary seat. The MHP, having won 16.29% of the vote and 80 seats in June 2015 , suffered a heavy defeat in the November snap election with just 11.90% of the vote and 40 seats. The loss

1475-415: The MHP announced a new economic manifesto. The MHP promised to improve the situation of Turkey's working poor by lifting taxes on diesel and fertiliser, raising the net minimum wage to $ 518, giving a $ 37 transportation subsidy to every minimum wage worker, and giving those who cannot afford a house an additional $ 92 per month in rental aid. The MHP said these policies would allow a minimum wage earner living in

1534-512: The MHP declared that they would not support any candidate and cast blank votes after the HDP announced support for the Republican People's Party (CHP) candidate Deniz Baykal . The MHP also ruled out any prospect of a coalition government that receives support from the HDP after the June 2015 general election resulted in a hung parliament , even rejecting CHP leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu's offer of Bahçeli becoming Prime Minister in such

1593-519: The MHP fell below the 10% election threshold and lost all of its parliamentary representation after the newly formed Justice and Development Party (AKP) won a plurality. After the 2007 general election , in which the MHP won back its parliamentary representation with 14.27% of the vote, the party has strongly opposed the peace negotiations between the government and the Kurdistan Workers Party and used to be fiercely critical of

1652-401: The MHP's ardent ethnic nationalism. It is strongly in favour of the ideals and principles of Turkey's founding president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk . The party's centrist and Kemalist stance has attracted support from some traditionally centre-left Republican People's Party voters. Akşener employed populist and radical feminist rhetoric in the early days of her party. In addition to her being

1711-459: The MHP's support for a 'Yes' vote in the controversial 2017 constitutional referendum , as well as a failed attempt to unseat the party's governing leader. In addition to endorsing a more moderate civic nationalism as opposed to the ardent ethnic nationalism of the MHP, the party runs on an anti-establishment platform criticising both the governing and opposition parties in Turkey for their ineffectiveness. The party describes itself as being in

1770-481: The bureaucracy during these governments during the height of the political violence between rightists and leftists . On 27 May 1980, the party's deputy leader and former government minister Gün Sazak was assassinated by members of the Marxist–Leninist militant group Revolutionary Left ( Turkish : Devrimci Sol or Dev Sol ) in front of his home. When the Turkish army seized power on 12 September 1980 , in

1829-419: The centre of political spectrum though third-party sources have described the party as being centre-right or on the right-wing of the political spectrum. It puts a particular emphasis on the restoration of the parliamentary system and the integrity of the judiciary and other institutions. The party has been widely described as an anti-Erdoğanist alternative for right-leaning voters disillusioned with both

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1888-494: The congress and declared it illegal, taking the process to court. The courts eventually upheld the claim that enough signatures had been submitted and forced the MHP leadership to hold a congress. In a controversial move, another court and the Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey (YSK) both struck down the ruling and asked the MHP leadership to not hold a congress. The move was widely seen as an interference in

1947-548: The deputy chairman of the party has stated that "Turkey's request for F-16s should be approved immediately". The Good Party identifies the Gülen Movement as the "most serious internal threat" to national security and advocates for an effective counter-terrorism strategy against the group which have been alleged to be behind the failed coup attempt in July 2016. The party supports the welfare state . The party calls for

2006-806: The establishment preparations, the names of 'Centrist Democrat Party' (Merkez Demokrat Parti) and 'Mainland Party' (Anayurt Partisi) were alleged to have been selected. The party was announced at a congress at the Nâzım Hikmet Cultural Centre in Ankara on 25 October 2017. On that day, the party's name, logo and slogan were revealed to the public. Meral Akşener was formally elected as the party's first leader—unopposed, carrying all votes. The party's name, logo and slogan were immediately subject to legal challenges and controversy, with allegations that they bore resemblance to AKP Antalya Mayor Menderes Türel 's 2014 local election campaign. Türel issued

2065-523: The first woman candidate for Turkish presidency in history, Akşener put great emphasis on women's rights in Turkey and made this a central plank of her presidential campaign. She announced that her movement would spark a Tülbent Revolution - named after a traditional piece of clothing which rural Turkish women wear to partially cover their heads, but that is non-religious nor associated with political Islam. It would result in reconciliation of different lifestyles in Turkey, since according to Akşener, respect

2124-461: The governing AKP over government corruption and authoritarianism. Nevertheless, the MHP has often been referred to by critics as the "AKP's lifeline", having covertly helped the AKP in situations such as the 2007 presidential election , repealing the headscarf ban , and the June–July 2015 parliamentary speaker elections . Since 2015, Bahçeli has been openly supporting Erdogan and the AKP. This caused

2183-474: The government and the Kurdistan Workers Party and used to be fiercely critical of the governing AKP over government corruption and authoritarianism. Nevertheless, the MHP has often been referred to by critics as the "AKP's lifeline", having covertly helped the AKP in situations such as the 2007 presidential election , repealing the headscarf ban , and the June–July 2015 parliamentary speaker elections . Since 2015, Bahçeli has been openly supporting Erdoğan and

2242-426: The government's collapse in 2002. In the 2002 general election , the MHP fell below the 10% election threshold and lost all of its parliamentary representation after the newly formed Justice and Development Party (AKP) won a plurality. After the 2007 general election , in which the MHP won back its parliamentary representation with 14.27% of the vote, the party has strongly opposed the peace negotiations between

2301-493: The ideology of Turkish-Islamic synthesis. AO's ideas, which have been compared to those of the French Nouvelle Droite , had a determining influence on MHP's programmes and served to lend the far-right party a more legitimate, respectable appearance. The MHP won enough seats in the 1973 and 1977 general election to take part in the " Nationalist Front " governments during the 1970s. The party infiltrated

2360-594: The judicial process and inner-party democracy by the governing Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the Ministry of Justice , which both had an interest in keeping the increasingly cooperative Bahçeli as MHP leader and preventing Akşener from mounting a challenge to the government. Akşener and several other dissidents were expelled from the party in the following months, mounting unsuccessful challenges against their suspensions. The constitutional convention held in June 2016

2419-487: The name of the party to the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) and with the support of Dündar Taşer , a party logo depicting the three crescent was elected. The MHP embraced Turkish nationalism, and under the leadership of Türkeş, militias connected to the party were responsible for assassinating numerous left-wing intellectuals and academics, including some Kurds, during the 1970s. The leader of

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2478-529: The party after criticizing the Republican People's Party (CHP) for moving too far away from the nationalist principles of their founder Mustafa Kemal Atatürk , claiming that he would not have founded the MHP had the CHP not deviated from Atatürk's ideology. The MHP won enough seats in the 1973 and 1977 general election to take part in the " Nationalist Front " governments during the 1970s. The party

2537-431: The party leadership and began their own 'No' campaigns. Polls and dissident politicians predicted that between 70 and 90% of MHP voters would defect from their party's official position and vote 'No'. Akşener, Okutan, Halaçoğlu and Özdağ all became prominent 'No' campaigners, with many political commentators seeing the alliance as a signal of a forthcoming new political party united under Akşener's leadership. The referendum

2596-491: The party refused to stop using it. The party quickly gained five members of parliament in the Grand National Assembly who were originally elected for other parties, and numerous provincial and municipal council members that also defected from their former parties. On 22 April 2018, in the run-up to general elections, a further 15 MPs from the CHP moved to the İYİ Party following a joint agreement between

2655-506: The party's youth wing, known as the Grey Wolves after Turkic mythology , claimed that they had an intelligence organization that was superior to the state's own. On the other hand, MHP had links to the Aydınlar Ocağı (AO; "Hearth of Intellectuals"), a right-wing think tank launched in 1970 by established university professors, which served as a connecting link between secular -conservative, nationalist and Islamic rightists, promoting

2714-568: The party, forming the right wing Victory Party the next year. On 3 March 2023, Meral Akşener announced that she took the decision to withdraw from the Nation Alliance, and said her party would not support main opposition CHP leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu as the joint candidate in the 2023 Turkish presidential election . However, on 6 March, Akşener and the Good Party rejoined the alliance after intense public criticism and after it

2773-428: The perpetrator to mandatory therapy before or after serving their sentence and therapy for women would be optional. She is heavily against child marriages. Although there was an increase in participation of women in the workforce in Turkey, Akşener stated she finds this inadequate and would implement benevolent sexism to increase participation of women in workforce and to reduce the wage gap . İYİ Party does not have

2832-422: The president and you are responsible for every citizen in this country." İYİ participated in the Nation Alliance with the CHP, SP, DP, DEVA , and GP in the 2023 parliamentary election , receiving 9.69% of the vote. After the election, İYİ's secretary general Uğur Poyraz declared the Nation Alliance dissolved. Meral Akşener describes İYİ Party as a nationalist , developmentalist and democratic party that

2891-516: The rules of parliamentary democracy . Some scholars doubt the sincerity and credibility of this turn and suspect the party of still pursuing a neo-fascist agenda behind a more moderate and pro-democratic façade. Nevertheless, MHP's mainstream overture has strongly increased its appeal to voters and it has grown to the country's third-strongest party, continuously represented in the National Assembly since 2007 with voter shares well above

2950-402: The two parties, stating that "a broken clock will still show the correct time once a day, the HDP can sometimes take a correct decision in Parliament. Showing this as a 'MHP-HDP coalition' is a deliberate diversion." In 2021 Bahçeli has demanded the closure of the HDP in several speeches, a move that is considered un-democratic and authoritarian. During the June 2015 Turkish general election ,

3009-511: The two parties. This was to allow the İYİ Party to form a parliamentary group that would be eligible to field a presidential candidate without the need to collect signatures and compete independently. Meral Akşener was the party's 2018 presidential candidate , but didn't stand for election as an MP . İYİ participated in the Nation Alliance (Millet İtifakı) with the CHP , SP , and DP in

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3068-470: The İYİ Party, as did prominent MHP dissident MPs Yusuf Halaçoğlu , İsmail Ok  [ tr ] and Nuri Okutan  [ tr ] . With several MHP delegates supporting the dissidents' drive for a fresh leadership election, Akşener and the other leadership candidates joined forces to hold a constitutional convention, claiming they had the right to do so due to surpassing the required number of delegate signatures required. The MHP leadership boycotted

3127-556: Was elected his successor. The party won 18% of the vote and 129 seats in the election that followed, in 1999 , its best ever result. Bahçeli subsequently became Deputy Prime Minister after entering a coalition with the Democratic Left Party (DSP) and the Motherland Party (ANAP), though his calls for an early election resulted in the government's collapse in 2002. In the subsequent 2002 general election ,

3186-464: Was announced that Ekrem İmamoğlu and Mansur Yavaş would be appointed vice-presidents if Kılıçdaroğlu won the presidential election. On 31 March 2023, the Istanbul headquarters of the Good Party was targeted in a shooting attack. Akşener criticized Erdoğan after the attack by saying "A political party cannot be intimidated one and a half months before an election. We are not afraid. I fear nothing but God. Mr. Recep, I am not afraid of you. But you are

3245-495: Was annulled by the courts in January 2017. In December 2016, the governing AKP and opposition MHP agreed to put forward a joint constitutional amendment proposal that would change Turkey's parliamentary system into an executive presidency . The MHP's support for the proposals came as a surprise given the party's historically staunch opposition to an executive presidency. Many MHP members and prominent dissidents refused to support

3304-465: Was banned following the 1980 coup , but reestablished with its original name in 1993. After Türkeş's death and the election of Devlet Bahçeli as his successor, the party won 18% of the vote and 129 seats in the 1999 general election , its best ever result. Bahçeli subsequently became Deputy Prime Minister after entering a coalition with the Democratic Left Party (DSP) and the Motherland Party (ANAP), though his calls for an early election resulted in

3363-545: Was reformed in 1983 under the name "Conservative Party" ( Turkish : Muhafazakar Parti ). After 1985, however, the name was changed to the "Nationalist Task Party" ( Turkish : Milliyetçi Çalışma Partisi ) then back again to its former name in 1992. In 1993, Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu and five other deputies separated and founded the Great Union Party , which is an Islamist party. After Türkeş's death, Devlet Bahçeli

3422-422: Was very controversial due to a last-minute change in the ballot counting procedure by the Supreme Electoral Council , causing the dissident nationalists and other 'No' campaigners to allege fraud and not recognise the results. According to official results, the 'No' side lost with 48.6% of the vote to 'Yes's 51.4%, though Akşener alleged that the actual result was a victory for 'No' by a margin of 52–48%. Following

3481-563: Was widely blamed on Bahçeli's refusal to consider any coalition agreement after the June 2015 election resulted in a hung parliament . The significant loss resulted in MHP dissidents including Akşener launching a drive to unseat Bahçeli from the party's leadership, a process made difficult by the party's strict bylaws. Other prominent MHP dissidents who declared their candidacy for the leadership included Ümit Özdağ , Koray Aydın and Sinan Oğan . Özdağ and Aydın would eventually join Akşener in forming

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