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Zoroastrian festivals

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Zoroastrianism has numerous festivals and holy days, all of which are bound to the Zoroastrian calendar . The Shahenshahi and Kadmi variants of the calendar do not intercalate leap years and hence the day of the Gregorian calendar year on which these days are celebrated shifts ahead with time. The third variant of the Zoroastrian calendar, known as either Fasli (in India) or Bastani (in Iran), intercalates according to Gregorian calendar rules and thus remains synchronous with the seasons. For details on the differences, see Zoroastrian calendar .

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19-476: Six irregularly-spaced seasonal festivals, called gahanbars (meaning "proper season"), are celebrated during the religious year. The six festivals are additionally associated with the six "primordial creations" of Ahura Mazda , otherwise known as the Amesha Spentas , and through them with aspects of creation (the sky, the waters, the earth, plant life, animal life, humankind). Due to the peculiarities of

38-409: A yazata intersect. Eleven of these intersections are dedicated to individual yazata s, and four intersections are dedicated to Ahura Mazda . A special Yasna or Jashan (meaning "worship", "oblation") service is then held in honor of the respective yazata on those day/month intersections. Four of the name-day feasts are dedicated to Dae "Creator" ( Ahura Mazda ), who has the tenth month of

57-521: A total of ten days. A second reform, in the 4th or 5th century, introduced a one-month intercalation every 120 years, abruptly realigned the calendar such that the year began again on the spring equinox, and the Gahanbars were again in accord with the seasons. However, following the collapse of the Sassanian state, after which Zoroastrianism had no central authority to govern intercalation, the practice

76-690: A year. Due to the peculiarities of the Shahenshahi and Kadmi variants of the Zoroastrian calendar , in those variants the seasonal festivals are actually celebrated many months in advance and are therefore said to reflect the six "primordial creations" of Ahura Mazda , otherwise known as the Amesha Spentas . Each of these festivals is celebrated over five days. The six festivals are: Maidyozarem Gahambar ('mid-spring' feast), April 30 – May 4 Maidyoshahem Gahambar ('mid-summer' feast), June 29 – July 3 Paitishahem Gahambar (feast of 'bringing in

95-709: Is called Jashan of Dadvah ("Creator"). Six of the Jashan days are dedicated to the six Ameshaspand s ( Amesha Spentas ). These six days are respectively: Dates in parentheses are the Fasli / Bastani calendar dates. Another five name-day feasts are dedicated to other yazatas with a single name/month dedication: Other holy days include: Gahambars Seasonal festival in Zoroastrian calendar The seasonal festivals, called gahambars (meaning "proper season"), occur six times

114-454: Is held over ten days (two five-day periods, see "other holy days" below). Originally, these seasonal festivals were celebrated on one day each, and were synchronous with the seasons. The Zoroastrian calendar was originally a 360-day luni-solar calendar, and also without intercalation, with the result that the seasons and the seasonal festivals gradually drifted apart. A first calendar reform (of uncertain date) introduced five epagomenal days at

133-408: Is then held in honor of the respective yazata on those day/month intersections. Four of the name-day feasts are dedicated to Dae "Creator" ( Ahura Mazda ), who has the tenth month of the year plus four days per month dedicated to Him (1st, 8th, 15th, 23rd day of the month). Accordingly, the 1st, 8th, 15th, 23rd day of the tenth month are each feast-days of Ahura Mazda, and each of those four days

152-536: The Shahenshahi and Kadmi variants of the Zoroastrian calendar, which do not intercalate and are therefore no longer synchronized with the seasons, the seasonal festivals are actually celebrated many months in advance. The six festivals are: In the present day, each of these festivals is celebrated over five days, except Hamaspathmaidyem Gahambar, which is held over ten days (two five-day periods, see "other holy days" below). Originally, these seasonal festivals were celebrated on one day each, and were synchronous with

171-573: The Zoroastrian calendar . The Shahenshahi and Kadmi variants of the calendar do not intercalate leap years and hence the day of the Gregorian calendar year on which these days are celebrated shifts ahead with time. The third variant of the Zoroastrian calendar, known as either Fasli (in India) or Bastani (in Iran), intercalates according to Gregorian calendar rules and thus remains synchronous with

190-479: The collapse of the Sassanian state, after which Zoroastrianism had no central authority to govern intercalation, the practice was not maintained. As a result, in living Zoroastrianism, the Gahanbar are again no longer synchronous with the seasons. There are fifteen name-day feasts in a Zoroastrian religious year. Each of these feasts is held on the day(s) on which the day-of-the-month/month-of-the-year dedications to

209-404: The end of the year, with the result that each festival then had two dates: one in the old 360-day calendar, and one in the new 365-day calendar. These apparently caused some confusion, and at some point the old and new festival days were joined as six-day-long observations (later reduced to five). Additionally, Hamaspathmaidyem Gahanbar, originally held on the last day of the year, came to be held on

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228-911: The harvest'), September 12 – September 16 Ayathrem Gahambar ('bringing home the herds'), October 12 – October 16 Maidyarem Gahambar ('mid-year'/winter feast), December 31 – January 4 Hamaspathmaidyem Gahambar (feast of 'all souls', literally 'coming of the whole group'), March 16 – March 20 See also [ edit ] Zoroastrian festivals Nowruz Sadeh References [ edit ] ^ Gahambar, Building & Celebrating Community , heritageinstitute.com, Zoroastrian Heritage, Author: K. E. Eduljee Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gahambars&oldid=1156141967 " Category : Zoroastrian festivals Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Zoroastrian festivals Zoroastrianism has numerous festivals and holy days, all of which are bound to

247-401: The last days of the last month of the year and on the new five epagomena days at the end of the new 360-day year, for a total of ten days. A second reform, in the 4th or 5th century, introduced a one-month intercalation every 120 years, abruptly realigned the calendar such that the year began again on the spring equinox, and the Gahanbars were again in accord with the seasons. However, following

266-405: The new 365-day calendar. These apparently caused some confusion, and at some point the old and new festival days were joined as six-day-long observations (later reduced to five). Additionally, Hamaspathmaidyem Gahanbar, originally held on the last day of the year, came to be held on the last days of the last month of the year and on the new five epagomena days at the end of the new 360-day year, for

285-400: The seasons. For details on the differences, see Zoroastrian calendar . Six irregularly-spaced seasonal festivals, called gahanbars (meaning "proper season"), are celebrated during the religious year. The six festivals are additionally associated with the six "primordial creations" of Ahura Mazda , otherwise known as the Amesha Spentas , and through them with aspects of creation (the sky,

304-401: The seasons. The Zoroastrian calendar was originally a 360-day luni-solar calendar, and also without intercalation, with the result that the seasons and the seasonal festivals gradually drifted apart. A first calendar reform (of uncertain date) introduced five epagomenal days at the end of the year, with the result that each festival then had two dates: one in the old 360-day calendar, and one in

323-452: The waters, the earth, plant life, animal life, humankind). Due to the peculiarities of the Shahenshahi and Kadmi variants of the Zoroastrian calendar, which do not intercalate and are therefore no longer synchronized with the seasons, the seasonal festivals are actually celebrated many months in advance. The six festivals are: In the present day, each of these festivals is celebrated over five days, except Hamaspathmaidyem Gahambar, which

342-405: The year plus four days per month dedicated to Him (1st, 8th, 15th, 23rd day of the month). Accordingly, the 1st, 8th, 15th, 23rd day of the tenth month are each feast-days of Ahura Mazda, and each of those four days is called Jashan of Dadvah ("Creator"). Six of the Jashan days are dedicated to the six Ameshaspand s ( Amesha Spentas ). These six days are respectively: Dates in parentheses are

361-514: Was not maintained. As a result, in living Zoroastrianism, the Gahanbar are again no longer synchronous with the seasons. There are fifteen name-day feasts in a Zoroastrian religious year. Each of these feasts is held on the day(s) on which the day-of-the-month/month-of-the-year dedications to a yazata intersect. Eleven of these intersections are dedicated to individual yazata s, and four intersections are dedicated to Ahura Mazda . A special Yasna or Jashan (meaning "worship", "oblation") service

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