John Louis Esposito (born May 19, 1940) is an American academic , professor of Middle Eastern and religious studies , and scholar of Islamic studies , who serves as Professor of Religion, International Affairs, and Islamic Studies at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. He is also the founding director of the Prince Alwaleed Center for Muslim–Christian Understanding at Georgetown.
27-801: (Redirected from Garib Nawaz ) Gharib Nawaz is the name of: Moinuddin Chishti (also Garib Nawaz and Khwaja Garib Nawaz; 1141-1230), the most famous Sufi saint of the Chishti Order of the Indian subcontinent Gharib Nawaz (Manipur) , name taken by king Pamheiba of Manipur (1690–1751) following his conversion to Hinduism in 1717 See also [ edit ] Gharib (disambiguation) Nawaz , an Arabic male given name Gharib Nawaz Mosque in Mominpura, Nagpur. [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
54-592: A deeply venerated site in the century following the preacher's death in March 1236. Honoured by members of all social classes, the tomb was treated with great respect by many of the era's most important Sunni rulers, including Muhammad bin Tughluq , the Sultan of Delhi from 1324 to 1351, who visited the tomb in 1332 to commemorate the memory of the saint. In a similar way, the later Mughal emperor Akbar (d. 1605) visited
81-544: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Moinuddin Chishti Mu'in al-Din Hasan Chishti Sijzi ( Persian : معین الدین چشتی , romanized : Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī ; February 1143 – March 1236), known reverentially as Khawaja Gharib Nawaz ( Persian : خواجہ غریب نواز , romanized : Khawāja Gharīb Nawāz ),
108-596: The Chishti order of Sunni mysticism in India ; many later biographic accounts relate the numerous miracles wrought by God at the hands of the saint during this period. Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī was not the originator or founder of the Chishtiyya order of mysticism as he is often erroneously thought to be. On the contrary, the Chishtiyya was already an established Sufi order prior to his birth, being originally an offshoot of
135-622: The seminaries of Bukhara and Samarkand , and (probably) visited the shrines of Muhammad al-Bukhari (d. 870) and Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (d. 944), two widely venerated figures in the Islamic world . While traveling to Iran , in the district of Nishapur , he came across the Sunni mystic Ḵh̲wāj̲a ʿUt̲h̲mān, who initiated him. Accompanying his spiritual guide for over twenty years on the latter's journeys from region to region, Muʿīn al-Dīn also continued his own independent spiritual travels during
162-690: The Holy Cross, Esposito held the Loyola Professor of Middle East Studies position, was the chair of the Department of Religious Studies, and director of the College of the Holy Cross' Center for International Studies. At Georgetown University , Esposito holds the position of University Professor and teaches as both Professor of Religion and International Affairs and Professor of Islamic Studies. Esposito completed his doctoral studies under
189-878: The Islamic World (six vols.), and Oxford Islamic Studies Online . In 1988, he was elected president of the Middle East Studies Association of North America (MESA). He has also served as president of the American Academy of Religion and president of the American Council for the Study of Islamic Societies. He served as Vice Chair of the Board of Directors of the Center for the Study of Islam & Democracy from 1999 to 2004 he
216-715: The Public Understanding of Religion and of Pakistan’s Quaid-e-Azam Award for Outstanding Contributions in Islamic Studies, in 2003 he received the School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University Award for Outstanding Teaching. Esposito founded the Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding at Georgetown University in 1993 and is its founding director. The center received a $ 20 million endowment from Saudi Arabian Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal "to advance education in
243-459: The Sunni tradition. Arriving in South Asia in the early thirteenth century along with his cousin and spiritual successor Khwaja Syed Fakhr Al-Dīn Gardezi Chishti, Muʿīn al-Dīn first travelled to Lahore to meditate at the tomb-shrine of the Sunni mystic and jurist Ali Hujwiri (d. 1072). From Lahore, he continued towards Ajmer , where he settled and married two wives, the first was
270-685: The birth of the founder of the Qadiriyya sufi order, Shaikh Abdul Qadir Gilani . The order spread into the Indian subcontinent , however, at the hands of the Persian Muʿīn al-Dīn in the 13th-century, after the saint is believed to have had a dream in which the Islamic prophet Muhammad appeared and told him to be his "representative" or "envoy" in India . According to the various chronicles, Muʿīn al-Dīn's tolerant and compassionate behavior towards
297-479: The daughter of Saiyad Wajiuddin, whom he married in the year 1209/10. The second was the daughter of a local Hindu raja who had been seized in a war. He went on to have three sons—Abū Saʿīd, Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn and Ḥusām al-Dīn — and one daughter, Bībī Jamāl. It is generally accepted that besides Abū Saʿīd sons are believed to be from the daughter of Hindu raja. After settling in Ajmer, Muʿīn al-Dīn strove to establish
SECTION 10
#1732780016512324-502: The local population seems to have been one of the major reasons behind conversion to Islam at his hand. Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī is said to have appointed Bakhtiar Kaki (d. 1235) as his spiritual successor , who worked at spreading the Chishtiyya in Delhi . Furthermore, Muʿīn al-Dīn's son, Fakhr al-Dīn (d. 1255), is said to have further spread the order's teachings in Ajmer , whilst another of
351-441: The most outstanding figures in the annals of Islamic mysticism." Additionally, Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī is also notable, according to John Esposito , for having been one of the first major Islamic mystics to formally allow his followers to incorporate the "use of music" in their devotions, liturgies, and hymns to God , which he did in order to make the 'foreign' Arab faith more relatable to the indigenous peoples who had recently entered
378-504: The older Adhamiyya order that traced its spiritual lineage and titular name to the early Islamic saint and mystic Ibrahim ibn Adham (d. 782). Thus, this particular branch of the Adhamiyya was renamed the Chishtiyya after the 10th-century Sunni mystic Abū Isḥāq al-Shāmī (d. 942) migrated to Chishti Sharif , a town in the present day Herat Province of Afghanistan in around 930, in order to preach Islam in that area about 148 years prior to
405-513: The reign of the sultan Iltutmish (d. 1236), Muʿīn al-Dīn moved from Delhi to Ajmer shortly thereafter, at which point he became increasingly influenced by the writings of the Sunni Hanbali scholar and mystic ʿAbdallāh Anṣārī (d. 1088), whose work on the lives of the early Islamic saints, the Ṭabāqāt al-ṣūfiyya , may have played a role in shaping Muʿīn al-Dīn's worldview. It was during his time in Ajmer that Muʿīn al-Dīn acquired
432-458: The religion. Of Persian descent, Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī was born in 1143 in Sistan . He was sixteen years old when his father, Sayyid G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn (d. c. 1155), died, leaving his grinding mill and orchard to his son. Despite planning to continue his father's business, he developed mystic tendencies in his personal piety and soon entered a life of destitute itineracy. He enrolled at
459-479: The reputation of being a charismatic and compassionate spiritual preacher and teacher; and biographical accounts of his life written after his death report that he received the gifts of many "spiritual marvels ( karāmāt ), such as miraculous travel, clairvoyance, and visions of angels" in these years of his life. Muʿīn al-Dīn seems to have been unanimously regarded as a great saint after his death. Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī's legacy rests primarily on his having been "one of
486-401: The saint and his dargah at Ajmer include Mere Gharib Nawaz by G. Ishwar, Sultan E Hind (1973) by K. Sharif, Khawaja Ki Diwani (1981) by Akbar Balam and Mere Data Garib Nawaz (1994) by M Gulzar Sultani. A song in the 2008 Indian film Jodhaa Akbar named "Khwaja Mere Khwaja", composed by A. R. Rahman , pays tribute to Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī. Various qawwalis portray devotion to
513-529: The saint including Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan 's "Khwaja E Khwajgan", Sabri Brothers ' "Khawaja Ki Deewani"and Koji Badayuni 's "Kabhi rab se Mila Diya". John Esposito For nearly twenty years after completing his Ph.D. , Esposito had taught Religious studies (including Hinduism , Buddhism , and Islam ) at the College of the Holy Cross , a Jesuit college in Massachusetts . At the College of
540-484: The saint's major disciples, Ḥamīd al-Dīn Ṣūfī Nāgawrī (d. 1274), preached in Nagaur, Rajasthan . As with every other major Sufi order, the Chishtiyya proposes an unbroken spiritual chain of transmitted knowledge going back to Muhammad through one of his companions , which in the Chishtiyya's case is Ali (d. 661). His spiritual lineage is traditionally given as follows: The tomb ( dargāh ) of Muʿīn al-Dīn became
567-406: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gharib_Nawaz&oldid=1223176194 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
SECTION 20
#1732780016512594-400: The shrine no less than fourteen times during his reign. In the present day, the tomb of Muʿīn al-Dīn continues to be one of the most popular sites of religious visitation for Sunni Muslims in the Indian subcontinent, with over "hundreds of thousands of people from all over the Indian sub-continent assembling there on the occasion of [the saint's] ʿurs or death anniversary." Additionally,
621-561: The site also attracts many Hindus , who have also venerated the Islamic saint since the medieval period. A bomb planted was planted on 11 October 2007 in the Dargah of Sufi Saint Khawaja Moinuddin Chishti at the time of Iftar had left three pilgrims dead and 15 injured. A special National Investigation Agency (NIA) court in Jaipur punished with life imprisonment the two convicts in the 2007 Ajmer Dargah bomb blast case. Indian films about
648-541: The supervision of the influential Islamic scholar Isma'il Raji al-Faruqi . He published Islam and Politics in 1984, and Islam: The Straight Path in 1988. Both books sold well, going through many editions. In addition to more than 35 books, he is editor-in-chief of a number of Oxford reference works including The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World , The Oxford History of Islam , The Oxford Dictionary of Islam , The Oxford Encyclopedia of
675-458: The time period. It was on his independent wanderings that Muʿīn al-Dīn encountered many of the most notable Sunni mystics of the era, including Abdul-Qadir Gilani (d. 1166) and Najmuddin Kubra (d. 1221), as well as Naj̲īb al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḳāhir Suhrawardī, Abū Saʿīd Tabrīzī, and ʿAbd al-Waḥid G̲h̲aznawī (all d. c. 1230), all of whom were destined to become some of the most highly venerated saints in
702-737: Was a Persian Islamic scholar and mystic from Sistan , who eventually ended up settling in the Indian subcontinent in the early 13th-century, where he promulgated the Chishtiyya order of Sunni mysticism. This particular Tariqa (order) became the dominant Islamic spiritual order in medieval India. Most of the Indian Sunni saints are Chishti in their affiliation, including Nizamuddin Awliya (d. 1325) and Amir Khusrow (d. 1325). Having arrived in Delhi Sultanate during
729-564: Was a member of the World Economic Forum’s Council of 100 Leaders, the High Level Group of the U.N. Alliance of Civilizations and the E. C. European Network of Experts on De-Radicalisation. He was an advisor to the award-winning, PBS-broadcast documentary Muhammad: Legacy of a Prophet (2002), produced by Unity Productions Foundation . A recipient of the American Academy of Religion’s 2005 Martin E. Marty Award for
#511488