26-524: Garter Principal King of Arms (also Garter King of Arms or simply Garter ) is the senior king of arms and officer of arms of the College of Arms , the heraldic authority with jurisdiction over England , Wales and Northern Ireland . The position has existed since 1415. Garter is responsible to the Earl Marshal for the running of the college. He is the principal adviser to the sovereign of
52-521: A Cross Gules on a Chief Azure a crown enclosed in a Garter between a lion passant guardant and a fleur de lis all Or . In addition to the official annual salary paid by the Crown of £49.07, HM Treasury pays Garter King of Arms for work undertaken for the Government. As of 27 January 2021, the payments made to Thomas Woodcock , since his appointment as Garter totalled £651,515. Additionally, since 2018,
78-536: Is David White . William Bruges , the first Garter King of Arms, held the office by 1417. The exact date of his appointment is not known and no record of it survives. John Anstis discovered a royal warrant under the Privy Seal dated 22 May in the fifth year of the reign of King Henry V (1417) wherein Bruges is called by his previous title, Guyenne King of Arms ; the warrant orders that another be passed under
104-556: Is Garter's duty to proclaim the new monarch. Initially, the Accession Council meets at St James's Palace in central London to declare the new monarch from the deceased monarch's line. Once the new monarch has made a sacred oath before the council, Garter King of Arms steps out into the Proclamation Gallery which overlooks Friary Court to proclaim the new monarch. The current Garter Principal King of Arms
130-848: Is a hereditary royal officeholder and chivalric title under the sovereign of the United Kingdom used in England (then, following the Act of Union 1800 , in the United Kingdom). He is the eighth of the great officers of State in the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the Lord High Constable of England and above the Lord High Admiral . The dukes of Norfolk have held the office since 1672. The marshal
156-543: Is also the leading officer of arms and oversees the College of Arms . He is the sole judge of the High Court of Chivalry . The current earl marshal is Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk , who inherited the position in June 2002. There were formerly an Earl Marshal of Ireland and an Earl Marischal of Scotland . The office of royal marshal existed in much of Europe, involving managing horses and protecting
182-597: Is considered the eighth of the Great Officers of State , with the Lord High Constable above him and only the Lord High Admiral beneath him. Nowadays, the Earl Marshal's role has mainly to do with the organisation of major state ceremonies such as coronations and state funerals. Annually, the Earl Marshal helps organise the State Opening of Parliament . The Earl Marshal also remains to have charge over
208-498: Is styled both principal officer of arms of the most noble order of the Garter and principal king of English arms. He has power to appoint a herald for his deputy: he must be a native of England and a gentleman bearing arms. It was anciently held that he was to be neither a knight nor a clergyman; but there has been one instance of a Garter having been a foreigner; and since the reign of Henry VII many of them have received knighthood: one
234-630: Is the office of Lord Great Chamberlain , which is notionally higher than Earl Marshal and also hereditary. The holding of the Earl Marshalship secures the Duke of Norfolk 's traditional position as the "first peer" of the land, above all other dukes. The House of Lords Act 1999 removed the automatic right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords , but the Act provided that the persons holding
260-745: The Great Seal of the Realm protecting Bruges while he travelled abroad with the king. Anstis then outlines two further pieces of evidence: (1) an instrument of 1422 or 1423 by which Bruges settled pension arrangements with the knights in which it is stated that he was appointed Garter at a previous full chapter meeting, and (2) a decree by the Duke of Clarence dated either 3 or 13 September 1417 which mentions "Garretier Roy d'armes des Anghis" As Henry V left for France on 27 July 1417, it can be deduced that Bruges must have been appointed in late July of that year. This
286-544: The College of Arms and no coat of arms may be granted without his warrant. As a symbol of his office, he carries a baton of gold with black finish at either end. In the general order of precedence , the Earl Marshal is currently the highest hereditary position in the United Kingdom outside the Royal Family . Although other state and ecclesiastical officers rank above in precedence, they are not hereditary. The exception
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#1732772430846312-597: The Howard family. In a declaration made on 16 June 1673 by Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey , the Lord Privy Seal , in reference to a dispute over the exercise of authority over the Officers of Arms the powers of the Earl Marshal were stated as being "to have power to order, judge, and determine all matters touching arms , ensigns of nobility , honour, and chivalry; to make laws, ordinances and statutes for
338-551: The London registry) makes no mention of anyone other than Richard's wife, the voluntas (copied in Archbishop Henry Chichele 's registers) makes mention of his children. Reference is made to his son William, variously called "Gien", "Gyen" and "Gartere", and William's wife, called "Agnes Garter". The other register entries around the voluntas date to 1418 and 1419, so E. F. Jacob, the editor of a printed version of
364-543: The Lord High Constable, he had held a court, known as the Court of Chivalry , for the administration of justice in accordance with the law of arms , which was concerned with many subjects relating to military matters, such as ransom, booty and soldiers' wages, and including the misuse of armorial bearings . In 1672, the office of Marshal of England and the title of Earl Marshal of England were made hereditary in
390-803: The Treasury has provided Garter with an expenses fund of £35,000 per annum to cover business expenses such as secretarial support, cleaning and postage. As of 27 January 2021, Garter has received £74,579.02 to cover expenses. Notes Citations Bibliography King of arms Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.236 via cp1112 cp1112, Varnish XID 922687033 Upstream caches: cp1112 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 05:40:31 GMT Earl Marshal Earl Marshal (alternatively marschal or marischal )
416-522: The United Kingdom with respect to ceremonial and heraldry , with specific responsibility for England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and, with the exception of Canada, for Commonwealth realms of which Charles III is the sovereign. He also serves as the king of arms of the Order of the Garter and his seal and signature appear on all grants of arms made by the college. On the death of the British monarch it
442-491: The good government of the Officers of Arms; to nominate Officers to fill vacancies in the College of Arms; [and] to punish and correct Officers of Arms for misbehaviour in the execution of their places". Additionally it was declared that no patents of arms or any ensigns of nobility should be granted, and no augmentation, alteration, or addition should be made to arms, without the consent of the Earl Marshal. The Earl Marshal
468-519: The monarch. In England, the office became hereditary under John FitzGilbert the Marshal (served c.1130–1165) after The Anarchy , and rose in prominence under his second son, William Marshal , later Earl of Pembroke . He served under several kings, acted as regent, and organised funerals and the regency during Henry III 's childhood. After passing through his daughter's husband to the Earls of Norfolk ,
494-608: The office of Earl Marshal and, if a peer, the Lord Great Chamberlain continue for the time being to have seats so as to carry out their ceremonial functions in the House of Lords. The position of Earl Marshal had a Deputy called the Knight Marshal from the reign of Henry VIII until the office was abolished in 1846. Deputy Earls Marshal have been named at various times, discharging the responsibilities of
520-526: The post evolved into "Earl Marshal" and the title remained unchanged, even after the earldom of Norfolk became a dukedom . In the Middle Ages , the Earl Marshal and the Lord High Constable were the officers of the king's horses and stables. When chivalry declined in importance, the constable's post declined and the Earl Marshal became the head of the College of Arms , the body concerned with all matters of genealogy and heraldry . In conjunction with
546-429: The register, suggests that the references to Garter may be a later gloss. But, Stanford London argued that later annotations would be consistent and refer to him as either Garter and Guyenne or simply Garter throughout, while Agnes would not have been called just Garter if it were a gloss. Instead, he suggests that Richard forgot to call his newly appointed son Garter at first and later included it alongside his old title in
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#1732772430846572-438: The will. Criticising this point, Peter Begent finds no reference to Bruges being called anything but Guyenne or the equivalent title of Aquitaine King of Arms in records between 1415 and 1417, which is problematic for Stanford London's position. He argues that it is entirely possible that, if not a gloss, the voluntas was edited after 1415 as Richard Bruges included more bequests to his family. The Garter Principal King of Arms
598-402: Was accepted until Hugh Stanford London published evidence which appeared to date Bruges' appointment two years earlier than Anstis suggested. William Bruges' father, Richard, left a will dated 4 July 1415 and split into two parts: a testament dealing with his burial, charitable bequests and legacies to his wife, and a voluntas, which dealt with personal bequests. Although the testament (recorded in
624-579: Was created a knight of the Bath . The office entitles him to the privilege of correcting errors or usurpations in all armorial bearings, to grant arms to such who deserve them, to present to the House of Lords a genealogy of every new peer , to assign his place in the chamber of parliament and to give him and the knights of the Bath supporters. The official arms of the Garter Principal King of Arms were in use by around 1520. They are Argent
650-480: Was originally responsible, along with the constable, for the monarch's horses and stables including connected military operations. As a result of the decline of chivalry and sociocultural change, the position of earl marshal has evolved and among his responsibilities today is the organisation of major ceremonial state occasions such as the monarch's coronation in Westminster Abbey and state funerals . He
676-510: Was placed by King Henry V over all the whole body of heralds. He may be said to have two distinct capacities united in his person, one relative to the Order of the Garter, the other as head of the College of Arms, and on this account he not only takes an oath in a chapter of the Garter, before the Sovereign and Knights, but as king at arms another oath before the Earl Marshal , and therefore he
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