60-578: Notting Hill Genesis (NHG) is a housing association formed in April 2018 by the merger of Notting Hill Housing and Genesis Housing Association . Notting Hill Genesis’ primary purpose is to work in the community to provide decent and affordable homes for lower-income households. It is one of the largest housing associations in South East England . It owns around 55,000 properties in London and
120-496: A bond issue at a record low interest rate for the sector of 3.78 per cent. In 2013 NHH commemorated its 50th anniversary with a series of events and activities which involved former and current staff, residents, supporters and sector colleagues. On 28 April 2014 an agreement was signed with Southwark Council confirming NHH as the development partner for the regeneration of the Aylesbury Estate . The agreement commits
180-708: A civic hub. In December 2016, it was confirmed that Genesis would be a partner on the Oaklands development, the first major scheme to be delivered as part of the regeneration of Old Oak Common in London. They aimed to deliver a £175m mixed-use residential development of over 600 homes, working with Queens Park Rangers football club. Housing association In Ireland and the United Kingdom, housing associations are private, non-profit organisations that provide low-cost " social housing " for people in need of
240-458: A declaration of intention including a purpose and endow assets for such purpose. This document can be in the form of a notarized deed or a will. To obtain legal personality, the foundation must enroll in the legal register of each prefettura (local authority) or some cases the regional authority. There are several nuances in requirements according to each foundation's purpose and area of activity. Non-profit foundations are termed as stichting in
300-540: A distinct patrimony independent of its founder . In Finland, foundations ( Finnish : säätiö , Swedish : stiftelse ) are regulated by the Finnish Patent and Registration Office and have the four following characteristics: Foundations are considered legal persons in Finland. The Foundations Act in 2015 dramatically updated the laws regarding foundations. There are not many foundations in comparison to
360-432: A diversity of forms and may follow varying regulations depending on the jurisdiction where they are created. Foundations are often set up for charitable purposes , family patrimony and collective purposes which can include education or research. In some jurisdictions, a foundation may acquire its legal personality when it is entered in a public registry, while in other countries a foundation may acquire legal personality by
420-516: A further 9,000 in the home counties and East Anglia , housing about 170,000 people. Notting Hill Housing ( NHH ) was a social enterprise and registered charity providing affordable housing for Londoners. In 1963, Bruce Kenrick moved to Notting Hill and was shocked at the poor quality of housing that people were forced to live in. He began a fundraising drive, with the aim to raise enough money to buy one home to house several homeless families. As Michael White has written: "Its first fundraiser
480-895: A general discussion on foundations was brought forth to the Jersey government concerning this possibility. It was adopted by the states of Jersey on 22 October 2008 through the Foundations (Jersey) Law 200. In the United States, many philanthropic and charitable organizations (such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation ) are considered to be foundations. However, the Internal Revenue Code distinguishes between private foundations (usually endowed by an individual, family, or corporation) and public charities ( community foundations or other nonprofit groups that raise money from
540-502: A home outright. Housing associations provide a wide range of housing, some managing large estates of housing for families, while the smallest may perhaps manage a single scheme of housing for older people. Much of the supported accommodation in the UK is also provided by housing associations, with specialist projects for people with mental health issues or learning disabilities , with substance misuse problems ( alcohol or illegal drugs ),
600-425: A home. Any budget surplus is used to maintain existing housing and to help finance new homes and it cannot be used for personal benefit of directors or shareholders. Although independent, they are regulated by the state and commonly receive public funding . They are now the United Kingdom's major providers of new housing for rent , while many also run shared ownership schemes to help those who cannot afford to buy
660-622: A landlord shall: If a landlord refuses to repair a rented property, the tenant can take action to require them to carry out necessary works and claim compensation. There are four industry bodies representing housing associations working in the UK, each covering a respective country. They are: The NHF (formerly the National Federation of Housing Associations) claimed that at the start of 2003 they had around 1,400 non-profit housing organisations in their membership, owning or managing approximately 1.8 million homes across England. In
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#1732798193698720-433: A large discount. This, combined with cost-cutting initiatives in local government and a housing benefit scheme that was more generous to housing associations than local authorities, led to many councils transferring their housing stock to housing associations. These organisations are often referred to as large-scale voluntary transfer organisations or local housing companies. The Housing Acts of 1985 and 1988 facilitated
780-527: A merger in principle with Genesis Housing Association The merger was completed on 4 April 2018 to form Notting Hill Genesis. Genesis Housing Association , known until May 2011 as Genesis Housing Group Ltd, was one of the largest developer housing associations in London. It was formed through the amalgamation of Paddington Churches Housing Association, Pathmeads and Springboard housing associations. In 2017 they announced they would be merging with Notting Hill Housing to form Notting Hill Genesis. The merger
840-566: A new government policy of "affordable rents" for its 2011–15 funding round, requiring associations to set rents at up to 80% of market rents so that less up-front capital subsidy would be required. In September 2013, a group of London boroughs initiated a judicial review to challenge this policy. A landlord's obligations are set out in several pieces of legislation, including the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 , which applies to tenancies entered into after 1961. In summary, section 11 provides that
900-521: A result could be subject to judicial review in certain circumstances. The court stated that the housing association sector was 'permeated by state control and influence with a view to meeting the government's aims for affordable housing, and in which RSLs work side by side with, and can in a very real sense be said to take the place of, local authorities'. This issue had wider political significance since housing associations' borrowing (which stood at approximately £30 billion in 2006) does not contribute to
960-512: A revised plan in 2011 for about 600 homes, along with new shops and offices. Some of the old buildings were retained including the 1823 listed former Quaker meeting house Anne Knight House , and the Frederic Chancellor Building which was built in 1904–05 as a museum and art school. Genesis worked with Hackney Borough Council on the redevelopment of Woodberry Down , one of the largest urban regeneration projects in
1020-474: A specific purpose. When the purpose is for the public benefit, a foundation may enjoy favorable tax treatment. A foundation may have diverse purposes, including but not limited to public benefit, humanitarian or cultural purposes, religious, collective, familiar, or the simple passive administration of funds. Normally, the supervision of a foundation is done by the county government where the foundation has its domicile, however, large foundations must be registered by
1080-510: Is dominated by private entities). Foundations may only be operational after being recognized by the Prime Minister of Portugal . Foundations must designate and pursue at least one of twenty-five public benefit goals defined by law. They must also have enough assets to pursue those goals. They may not benefit the founders or any other restricted group, but the general public. Portuguese foundations may voluntarily associate themselves via
1140-507: Is no commonly accepted legal definition across Europe for a foundation. There was a proposal for a European Foundation Statute , a legal form that would create a legal definition recognised across all EU Member States . However, this proposal was withdrawn in 2015 following its failure to pass through COREPER 1 . The term "foundation", in general, is used to describe a distinct legal entity. Foundations as legal structures ( legal entities ) and/or legal persons ( legal personality ) may have
1200-458: Is taxed like any other legal entity. There is no central register for German foundations. Only charitable foundations are subject to supervision by state authorities. Family foundations are not supervised after establishment. All forms of foundations can be dissolved, however, if they pursue anti-constitutional aims. Foundations are supervised by local authorities within each state ( Bundesland ) because each state has exclusive legislative power over
1260-921: Is the technical name for social landlords that in England were formerly registered with the Housing Corporation , or in Wales with the Welsh Government. From 2010 to 2012, associations were termed registered providers under the Housing and Regeneration Act 2008 , irrespective of status (private, public, for-profit or not-for-profit). As of 2012 , the terms registered social landlord and private registered providers of social housing are both used as alternative names for housing association. Housing associations are generally considered as private entities in that they are not owned or directly controlled by
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#17327981936981320-537: The Housing Act 1988 , the proportion of the cost of new homes met by capital grants was scaled back by the government, so borrowing became the primary source of funding for investment. Much of this was simply borrowed from banks and building societies , but after the 2007–2008 financial crisis , these institutions ceased to offer long-term loans, so developing associations are increasingly turning to corporate bonds to raise funds for expansion. The HCA implemented
1380-726: The Metropolitan Association for Improving the Dwellings of the Industrious Classes . They increased in importance over the last decades of the twentieth century due to changes to council housing brought in by the Thatcher government, when rules were introduced that prevented councils subsidising their housing from local taxes, channelled grants for construction of new social housing to housing associations and allowed council tenants to buy their homes at
1440-765: The 2000s, some larger associations formed regional groups for purposes including lobbying government bodies. The G15 group of London's largest associations was followed by East Seven in East Anglia. Charitable foundation A foundation (also referred to as a charitable foundation ) is a type of nonprofit organization or charitable trust that usually provides funding and support to other charitable organizations through grants, while also potentially participating directly in charitable activities. Foundations encompass public charitable foundations, like community foundations , and private foundations , which are often endowed by an individual or family. Nevertheless,
1500-565: The London boroughs of Barnet, Brent, Camden and the City of Westminster. From 2005 to 2007, Genesis spent £200 million on its land bank for new developments. From 2008 to 2010, during the Great Recession , Genesis wrote off around £6 million from asset values in its balance sheet each year, but in 2011 this entry in its accounts increased to £20 million – a third of the total impairment booked by all housing associations in
1560-627: The Netherlands which are regulated by Dutch law . A foundation ( Fundação ) in Portugal is regulated by Law 150/2015, with the exception of religious foundations, which are regulated by the Religious Freedom Law. Foundations may be private, wholly public (created and managed exclusively by public bodies), or public but with private management (created by public entities and optionally also private entities, but whose management
1620-739: The Portuguese Foundation Centre ( CPF – Centro Português de Fundações ), that was founded in 1993 by the Eng. António de Almeida Foundation, the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation and the Oriente Foundation. Foundations in Spain are organizations founded with the purpose of not seeking profit and serving the general needs of the public. Such foundations may be founded by private individuals or by
1680-517: The UK's public sector borrowing requirement, the control of which is both a stated government objective and part of the EU's criteria for membership of the European single currency. A feature of housing associations is that, although the larger housing associations usually have paid staff, a committee or board of management made up of volunteers, or paid non-executive members, has overall responsibility for
1740-753: The UK, the word "foundation" is sometimes used in the title of a charity, as in the British Heart Foundation and the Fairtrade Foundation . Despite this, the term is not generally used in English law , and (unlike in civil law systems) the term has no precise meaning. Instead, the concept of charitable trust is in use (for example, the Wellcome Trust ). The States of Jersey are considering introducing civil law type foundations into its law. A consultation paper presenting
1800-535: The UK. Genesis was the lead housing association developer on Grahame Park , a large-scale regeneration project in Colindale, North-West London, in partnership with Barnet London Borough Council and Countryside Properties . The scheme is one of the largest self-funded projects in Europe and will see the construction of around 3000 new homes, as well as shops, gardens, community and health facilities, new parks, and
1860-541: The charity's structure, funding sources, and mode of operation. Charities receive notification of their designation from the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) upon registration. A charity with only one director or trustee is automatically designated as a private foundation. To be designated as a charitable organization or public foundation, more than half of the directors, trustees, or officials must be at arm's length. The CRA applies specific criteria to determine
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1920-671: The county administrative board (CAB), which must also supervise the administration of the foundation. The main legal instruments governing foundations in Sweden are the Foundation Act (1994:1220) and the Regulation for Foundations (1995:1280). A foundation needs to be registered with the company register. Under Canadian law , registered charities may be designated as charitable organizations , public foundations, or private foundations. The designation depends on factors such as
1980-557: The designation, including the charity's purposes, activities, income allocation, and relationships with officials and donors. The law does not prescribe any particular form for a foundation in Ireland. Most commonly, foundations are companies limited by guarantees or trusts. A foundation can obtain a charity registration number from the Revenue Commissioners for obtaining tax relief as far as they can be considered under
2040-473: The formerly homeless , young people , ex-offenders , asylum seekers , and people fleeing domestic violence . In Australia, the term "housing association" refers to larger, growth-oriented 'not-for-dividend' community-housing providers. Smaller community housing providers may include trusts, cooperatives etc. State and territory-owned public housing represents about 80% of social housing in Australia. Over
2100-475: The foundation or have reverted the initial assets. The private foundations or civil code foundations are under the section about non commercial entities of the first book of the Civil Code of Law of 1942. Article 16 CC establishes that the foundation's statutes must contain its name, purpose, assets, domicile, administrative organs and regulations, and how the grants will be distributed. The founder must write
2160-473: The funding by the Housing Corporation for new house building has been channelled to fewer than 80 "developing housing associations" that have achieved "partner status" through partner programme agreements. Long-term lender option borrower option loans (LOBOs) have been taken out in the past by housing associations. Housing associations borrow money to pay for new homes and improvements. After
2220-428: The general public). While they offer donors more control over their charitable giving, private foundations have more restrictions and fewer tax benefits than public charities. At an international level there are a series of networks and associations of foundations, among them Council on Foundations , EFC ( European Foundation Centre ), WINGS (Worldwide Initiatives for Grantmaker Support). Those organization also have
2280-603: The law on charity, however, charitable status does not exist in Ireland. The definition usually applied is that from the Pemsel Case of English jurisprudence (1891) and the Irish Income Tax Act 1967. Trusts have no legal personality and companies acquire their legal status through the Company law and the required documents of incorporation. Foundations are not required to register with any public authority. In
2340-542: The laws governing foundations. In contrast to many other countries, German law allows a tax-sheltered charitable foundation to distribute up to one-third of its profit to the founder and his next of kin, if they are needy, or to maintain the founder's grave. These benefits are subject to taxation. As of 2008 , there are about 15,000 foundations in Germany, about 85% of them charitable foundations. More than 250 charitable German foundations have existed for more than 500 years;
2400-402: The main purpose of the foundation. There is no minimum starting capital, although in practice at least €50,000 is considered necessary. A German foundation can either be charitable or serve a private interest. Charitable foundations enjoy tax exemptions. If they engage in commercial activities, only the commercially active part of the entity is taxed. A family foundation serving private interests
2460-585: The majority do not depend on donations for their general activities. New housing generally receives economic subsidies, the source of which will depend on where the association is based: Subsidies for new homes (often termed 'social housing grant') amount to sizeable public investments. In its 2008–11 prospectus, the Housing Corporation stated that in the three-year period to 2011 investment would be "at least £8 billion". The majority of this would go to housing associations for use in development projects. Since 2003, in an effort to seek greater value for money, much of
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2520-440: The mere action of creation through a required document. Unlike a company, foundations have no shareholders , though they may have a board, an assembly and voting members. A foundation may hold assets in its own name for the purposes set out in its constitutive documents, and its administration and operation are carried out in accordance with its statutes or articles of association rather than fiduciary principles. The foundation has
2580-429: The oldest dates back to 1509. There are also large German corporations owned by foundations, including Bertelsmann , Bosch , Carl Zeiss AG and Lidl . Foundations are the main providers of private scholarships to German students. In Italy, a foundation is a private non-profit and autonomous organization, its assets must be dedicated to a purpose established by the founder. The founder cannot receive any benefits from
2640-443: The partnership to delivering a master plan for 3,500 new homes; 50% of these will be affordable homes, of which 75% will be for social rent and 25% for shared ownership or equity. A minimum of 30% across all tenures will have three bedrooms or more. Construction of the new homes will start in 2016, with the entire regeneration project expected to be finished in 2032. On 20 July 2017 it was announced that Notting Hill Housing have agreed
2700-530: The public to buy dilapidated properties at auction. By renovating these houses to provide decent, affordable rented housing, it meant that some poor residents were not pushed out of the area. Over the years it has taken over various smaller housing associations, including three in 2009: Presentation, Croydon Peoples and Pathway, which took its housing stock to 25,000. Housing associations finance acquisitions and major repairs by borrowing, secured on their housing properties. In 2012 NHH borrowed £250 million by
2760-432: The public. These foundations have an independent legal personality separate from their founders. Foundations serve the general needs of the public with a patrimony that funds public services and may not be distributed to the founders' benefit. A foundation in Sweden ( Swedish : stiftelse ) is a legal entity without an owner. It is formed by a letter of donation from a founder donating funds or assets to be administered for
2820-808: The rents of its existing stock into line with affordable and market rental rates as they become vacant. Genesis won the top prize for social housing at the Daily Telegraph British Homes Awards 2011 for the first phase of new homes at Woodberry Down. Genesis owned a 3.4 hectares (8.4 acres) site in Chelmsford , Essex, formerly the Central Campus of Anglia Ruskin University . The group purchased it from Countryside Properties in 2007. The developer had obtained planning permission for 700 homes in 2003. Genesis prepared
2880-486: The rest of Europe. In practice public administration requires at least €1 million necessary. State representatives have a mandatory seat in the board. German regulations allow the creation of any foundation for public or private purposes in keeping with the concept of a gemeinwohlkonforme Allzweckstiftung ("general-purpose foundation compatible with the common good"). A foundation should not have commercial activities as its main purpose, but they arre permitted if they serve
2940-575: The state. This status, however, has been challenged by a number of legal rulings. In 2004 the British government accepted an EU ruling that considered housing associations as public bodies for the purposes of procurement. Subsequently, the English High Court in Weaver v. London and Quadrant Housing Trust [2008] EWHC 1377 (Admin) ruled that housing associations were public authorities and as
3000-463: The term "foundation" might also be adopted by organizations not primarily engaged in public grantmaking. Legal entities existing under the status of "foundations" have a wide diversity of structures and purposes. Nevertheless, there are some common structural elements. Some of the above must be, in most jurisdictions, expressed in the document of establishment. Others may be provided by the supervising authority at each particular jurisdiction. There
3060-415: The transfer of council housing to not-for-profit housing associations. The 1988 Act redefined housing associations as non-public bodies, permitting access to private finance, which was a strong motivation for transfer as public sector borrowing had been severely constrained. These new housing associations were also the providers of most new public-sector housing. By 2003 36.5% of the social rented housing stock
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#17327981936983120-481: The work of the organisation. A board might include residents, representatives from local authorities and community groups, business people and politicians. There are more than 30,000 voluntary board members running housing associations throughout England . Housing associations' day-to-day activities are funded by rent and service charges payments made by, or on behalf of, those living in its properties. In this sense, housing associations are run as commercial entities and
3180-408: The year. Genesis strengthened its financial position by raising its first own-name bond issue for £200 million in 2010. It rationalised its asset holdings, selling its 40% interest in a portfolio of 1,650 properties in central London to Grainger plc for £15m in 2011. In August 2015 Genesis controversially announced that it would no longer be building homes for social rent and would now bring
3240-564: The years these public housing entities have had different names including: 'housing commissions', and 'housing trusts'. Housing associations first appeared in the second half of the nineteenth century as part of the growth in philanthropic and voluntary organisations brought about by the growth of the middle classes in the wake of the Industrial Revolution . Early examples are the Guinness Trust , Peabody Trust and
3300-577: Was a stall on the Portobello Road market which raised £24. But Kenrick, a man of charismatic energy, which alternated with bouts of sometimes severe depression, learned quickly. Backed by clerical allies such Donald Mason, Geoffrey Ainger and Ken Bartlett, and concerned local people such as Sidney Miller and Pansy Jeffrey, the Trust's first advert – placed in The Guardian – raised £20,000. It
3360-533: Was also a subsidiary of Springboard. Neil Hadden was appointed as Chief Executive in 2009. He succeeded Mr Anu Vedi CBE, who had led the group for ten years, through its growth from 10,000 to over 38,000 homes. The current Chairman of the Board of Trustees is Dipesh Shah OBE, who has had a diverse executive career in the energy sector. He replaced Charles Gurassa in 2017. As of 2016, stock owned and managed totals 32,139. The highest proportions of stock were based in
3420-542: Was completed in April 2018. Genesis Housing Association managed around 33,000 homes across London and the south east, providing services to tens of thousands of people. It was formed by a merger in May 2011 of PCHA, Pathmeads and Springboard housing associations. They had for some years been managed as a corporate group , Genesis Housing Group. The group also includes Genesis Community, a charitable foundation , and Genesishomes which provides shared ownership properties. PCHA
3480-440: Was founded over 40 years earlier as Paddington Churches Housing Association, and managed more than 11,500 homes. Pathmeads was formed in 2001 as a rescue vehicle for West Hampstead Housing Association, which had overextended its temporary housing operation. In 2011 it had over 21,000 managed homes. Springboard provided management services to around 6,000 homes and another rescued association, St Matthew Housing. Eastwards Trust
3540-677: Was held by housing associations. Currently, some of the biggest housing associations in the UK are Clarion Housing Group , Sanctuary Housing , L&Q and Peabody Trust , to name just a few. Some housing associations have partnerships with real estate investment trusts : Civitas Social Housing is the largest social housing real estate investment trust , working with 15 housing associations. Housing associations may be constituted using various forms of legal entity . Many are industrial and provident societies , but there are also trusts , co-operatives and companies. They may or may not be registered charities . Registered social landlord (RSL)
3600-449: Was unprecedented." Notting Hill Housing Trust was born, and in its first year it bought five houses and housed 57 people. Within five years, it became a large presence in west London, housing nearly 1,000 people. John Coward, who joined the Trust in 1965, was the first employee and then the first Chief Executive. When he started, it had five properties; when he retired 21 years later, it was managing almost 8,000. The Trust raised funds from
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