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57-546: Prof. Hudson Ntsanwisi , the former chief minister of Gazankulu, played a vital role in establishing the city. Giyani is situated at the intersection of R578 (South Africa) and R81 . It is located in the heart of the Limpopo Bushveld , on the northern bank of the Klein Letaba River [1], west of Kruger National Park . Situated in the northern portion of the former Gazankulu , Giyani was established in

114-483: A Seeker II drone against rhino poachers, which was loaned to the South African National Parks authority by its manufacturer Denel Dynamics , South Africa. In June 2019, a Helix surveillance aircraft system was deployed on night missions in the park, and apprehended half a dozen suspected poachers. Other threats to poachers include the dangerous nature of the park itself. In February 2018,

171-482: A Kruger game ranger and policeman were the first to die in an anti-poaching operation, while other employees reported intimidation by poachers. A Kruger personnel strike affected some anti-poaching operations, and some employees have been directly implicated. Rangers in and around the park have been pressured or blackmailed by poaching syndicates to provide intelligence on the whereabouts of rhinos and anti-poaching operations. In December 2012, Kruger started using

228-425: A maximum temperature of 41 °C in the summer and 25 °C during the winter. Winters are mild during the day and cold during the night. The rainy season is between September and March, while the winter season is from April to August. Giyani's economy is predominately rural-based. Cattle ranching and the production of maize, peanuts, tomatoes, potatoes, mangoes, and bananas form the backbone of agriculture. With

285-401: A necessary milestone in stemming the tide between South Africa and Vietnam, in addition to the one with China, while negotiations have not yet started with Thailand. The amount of rhino horn held in storage is not publicly known. Since 2009, some Kruger rhinos have been fitted with invisible tracing devices in their bodies and horns which enable officials to locate their carcasses and to track

342-646: A poacher was believed to have been trampled by elephants and then eaten by lions, leaving rangers to later find only a human skull and a pair of trousers, alongside a loaded hunting rifle. In December 2021, two accused poachers were arrested in the Kruger National Park's Skukuza after they were discovered in possession of unauthorized rifles and ammunition. Poachers make no distinction between white and black rhinos, but losses of black rhinos are low due to their reclusive and aggressive nature. Rhino horn fetches between $ 66,000 and $ 82,000 per kilogram, and

399-753: A very good example. South of the Olifants River in the park's eastern half, this area provides the most important grazing land. Species such as red grass ( Themeda triandra ) and buffalo grass ( Panicum maximum ) predominate while the knob-thorn ( Acacia nigrescens ), leadwood ( Combretum imberbe ) and marula ( Sclerocarya afra ) are the main tree species. Several smaller areas in the park carry distinctive vegetation. The Pretoriuskop sourveld and Malelane mountain bushveld receive relatively high rainfall. Here sickle bush and silver cluster-leaf ( Terminalia sericea ) are prominent. The sandveld communities northeast of Punda Maria are equally distinctive, with

456-466: A wide variety of unique plant species. The bush-clad hills along the Levuvhu River also shelter an interesting floral diversity and some near-endemic species. All the big five game animals are found at Kruger National Park, which has more species of large mammals than any other African game reserve (at 147 species). There are webcams set up to observe the wildlife. Kruger supports packs of

513-638: Is Thandi Zitha of ANC. Giyani was established during the 1960s as the capital city of Gazankulu, on land belonging to the Homu Royal Family. The Risinga Community (under headman Chabalala) originally came from the Elim district, next to the township of Waterval . The Old Parliament Buildings in Giyani, the ministerial houses, and the Palace of the chief minister of Gazankulu were built on what used to be

570-529: Is a South African National Park and one of the largest game reserves in Africa . It covers an area of 19,623 km (7,576 sq mi) in the provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga in northeastern South Africa , and extends 360 km (220 mi) from north to south and 65 km (40 mi) from east to west. The administrative headquarters are in Skukuza . Areas of the park were first protected by

627-460: Is maize porridge (vuswa or pap in Afrikaans) and rice, often eaten with meat, chicken, and vegetables (matsavu). "Giyani" is one of the tracks on the album Third World Child by Johnny Clegg and his band Savuka , written about leaving the stress of Johannesburg to get some peace and quiet in Giyani. Giyani is situated within the sub-tropical zone. It can be very hot in the summer, reaching

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684-632: Is not exempt from the threat of poaching that many other African countries have faced. Many poachers are in search of ivory from elephant tusks or rhino horns, which are similar in composition to human fingernails. The park's anti-poaching unit consists of 650 SANParks game rangers , assisted by the SAPS and the SANDF (including the SAAF ). As of 2013, the park is equipped with two drones borrowed from Denel and two Aérospatiale Gazelle helicopters, donated by

741-557: Is one of the largest national parks in the world, with an area of 19,485 km (7,523 sq mi). The park is approximately 360 km (220 mi) long, and has an average width of 65 km (40 mi). At its widest point, the park is 90 km (56 mi) wide from east to west. To the north and south of the park two rivers, the Limpopo River and the Crocodile respectively, act as their natural boundaries. To

798-658: Is planned near the western border of the park. Floods or raising of the walls of the Massingir and Corumana dams in Mozambique could potentially damage, by silting, the pristine gorges of the Olifants and Sabie rivers respectively. The Olifants River Gorge has a deep, single thread, pool-rapid structure which is home to many crocodiles, besides hippos and fish. The fish population of the Olifants has already been diminished by hundreds of dams in its upper reaches. Kruger

855-600: Is situated in the center of town and managed by the Oasis Group. Man'ombe Nature Reserve is located 6 km east of Giyani. Giyani also borders Kruger National Park on the western side of the Northern Region. Historically, Giyani had no entry point to Kruger National Park, even though Giyani shares a long border with Kruger National Park. There was a plan to open a new gate, known as Shangoni Gate, at Muyexe Village, 30 km north-east of Giyani town. This gate

912-456: Is subject to several threats, including intensive poaching, urban development at its borders, global warming and droughts, animal overpopulation, and mining projects. Light pollution produced by rest camps and nearby towns affects the biodiversity of Kruger National Park. In particular, it alters the composition of nocturnal wildlife and the hunting behaviour of predators. In 2022 it was announced that Nkosi City , an R8 billion development

969-747: Is the first instance of a termitophilous species from the family Armadillidae . Many species of mosquito occur in the park, including the Culex , Aedes and Anopheles genera which target mammals. A. arabiensis is the most prevalent of the 9 or more Anopheles species in the park, and their females transmit malaria . As of 2018, 350 species of arachnids , excluding ticks and mites, are known from Kruger. These are mostly true spiders , including 7 species of baboon spider , but also 9 scorpion and 7 pseudoscorpion species, 18 solifugid species (sun and roman spiders), 2 species of harvestmen and 1 species of tailless whip scorpion . The park's ecosystem

1026-430: The xibelani dance 'and called the dance Xigaza, while the men enjoy mpuluto and makhwaya . The Tsonga people also engage in a custom dance called mchongolo . Xibelani is an African skirt designed to make the wearer's hips look bigger so that the hip movement during the xibelani dance can be more apparent. The Tsonga people have their own distinct music when the xibelani dance is performed. The staple diet in Giyani

1083-743: The Gonarezhou National Park in Zimbabwe, and with the Limpopo National Park in Mozambique. The park is part of the Kruger to Canyons Biosphere , an area designated by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization as an International Man and Biosphere Reserve . Sabi Game Reserve was initially created to control hunting and to protect the diminishing number of animals in

1140-630: The Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park . The national anti-poaching committee oversees all activities and coordinates interested parties. Kruger's big game poachers operate with night vision instruments and large caliber rifles, fitted with suppressors and sophisticated telescopic sights . They are mostly Mozambique citizens who initiate their carefully planned incursions from the border region of South Africa and Mozambique. In 2012, about 200 poachers were apprehended, while about 30 were killed in skirmishes. In July 2012,

1197-566: The Makuleke people by the government in 1969 and about 1500 of them were relocated to land to the south so that their original tribal areas could be integrated into the greater Kruger National Park. In 1996 the Makuleke tribe submitted a land claim for 198.42 km (19,842 ha), namely the Pafuri or Makuleke region in the northernmost part of the park. The land was given back to

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1254-739: The Pafuri triangle. In 1926, Sabi Game Reserve, the adjacent Shingwedzi Game Reserve, and farms were combined to create Kruger National Park. During 1923, the first large groups of tourists started visiting the Sabi Game Reserve, but only as part of the South African Railways ' popular "Round in Nine" tours. The tourist trains travelled the Selati railway line between Komatipoort on the Mozambican border and Tzaneen in

1311-470: The RAF to augment its air space presence. Automated movement sensors relay intrusions along the Mozambique border to a control center, and a specialist dog unit has been introduced. Buffer zones have been established along the border with Mozambique, from where many poachers have infiltrated the park, as an alternative to costly new fences. The original 150 km long fences were dropped in 2002 to establish

1368-530: The Sabie , Olifants , Letaba and Luvuvhu while the Crocodile River (Mpumalanga) and Limpopo River run along the parks border. The climate of the Kruger National Park and lowveld is subtropical/tropical, specifically a hot semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSh ). Summer days are humid and hot. The rainy season is from September until May. The Kruger National Park website lists September and October as

1425-462: The endangered African wild dog , of which there are thought to be only about 400 in the whole of South Africa. A fairly uniform aggregate of bird species is present from the southern to central areas of the park, but a decline in diversity is noticeable in the mopane -dominated flats northwards of the Olifants . Most species breed in summer when rains sustain most vegetable and animal food, but

1482-654: The 1960s as the administrative center for the Tsonga people . Giyani lies 470 km north-east of Johannesburg by road, 104 km from Tzaneen , 105 km from the Phalaborwa Gate of the Kruger National Park, and 35 km from Malamulele . In 1969, the Gazankulu government named a new ward at Elim Hospital 'Giyani Ward' in honor of the Gazankulu capital. The current mayor of Greater Giyani municipality

1539-733: The 1980s. FiFA Referee late Herman Mashava was from Dzumeri, Mageva Village. Giyani's location is in the warm African bushveld, which makes it attractive for both local and international visitors. The Giyani Golf Course is home to zebras, giraffes, bushbucks, and some other herbivores; however, the viewing of these animals has not yet been commercialized. At the moment, there are a number of bed and breakfast and guest house facilities for tourists. A few are: Hanyani Lodge, Riverside Guest House, Xisaka Bed and Breakfast, Tihosi Guest House, Elridge Mountain Lodge, Rosanna Guest House, Nwayitelo Lodge, and Mopani Guest House. Limpopo Lodge (formerly Giyani Hotel)

1596-447: The 1980s. Due to international and national efforts, including a worldwide ban on ivory sales beginning in 1989, the poaching was abated for many years, but a sharp rise in 2014 has continued and the numbers of elephants poached per year in the park is growing at an alarming rate. Following approval by CITES, 47 tonnes of stockpiled ivory from Kruger were auctioned on 6 November 2008. The sale fetched approximately US$ 6.7 million which

1653-510: The CITES ban has proved largely ineffectual against the trade in rhino horn. The second horn is sometimes also hacked from the skull to obtain about 100 ml of moisture that is sold locally as traditional medicine Muti . Poaching rhino horn escalated in the 21st century, with 949 rhinos killed in Kruger in the first 12 years, and more than 520 in 2013 alone. A memorandum of agreement is seen as

1710-602: The Chief's Kraal and headquarters of the Risinga Community. Across the main road, the Risinga Community used to drive their herds of cattle for grazing at a place known today as Giyani Golf Course. Giyani Section E, Section A, Sections D1 and D2, and the CBD of Giyani, known as Bendstore, were villages of the Risinga Community. The Risinga Community was forcefully removed from their land during the 1960s in order to make way for

1767-582: The Limpopo. 219 species of butterfly and skipper are native to the park. The fastest and most robust of these belong to the genus Charaxes , of which 12 species have been recorded. Genera Papilio and Acraea are also well-represented, with about 10 and 15 species respectively. The total number of Lepidoptera species in the park is unknown but could be in the order of 7,000, many of which range widely in African savanna . The mopane moth in

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1824-587: The Makuleke people, however, they chose not to resettle on the land but to engage with the private sector to invest in tourism. This resulted in the building of several game lodges from which they earn royalties. In the late 1990s, the fences between the Kruger Park and Klaserie Game Reserve , Olifants Game Reserve, and Balule Nature Reserve were dropped and incorporated into the Greater Kruger Park with 400,000 ha (4,000 km ) added to

1881-861: The R524 to Punda Maria entrance gate of the Kruger National Park . The R81 joins the N1 to Pretoria and Johannesburg in Polokwane, next to the Mall of the North. Giyani Stadium was the home of National First Division club Dynamos F.C. (South Africa) Giyani has been home to Giyani United and Giyani Classic . And temporarily a home for Casric fc On the athletics front the 100 metre sprint ace Peter "Manero" Ngobeni stayed in Giyani Section A during

1938-648: The Reserve. In 2002, Kruger National Park, Gonarezhou National Park in Zimbabwe , and Limpopo National Park in Mozambique were incorporated into a peace park , the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park . The park lies in the northeast of South Africa, in the eastern parts of Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces. Phalaborwa , Limpopo is the only town in South Africa that borders the Kruger National Park. It

1995-487: The area. The reserve was located in the southern one-third of the modern park. James Stevenson-Hamilton became the first warden of the reserve in 1902. Singwitsi Reserve , named after the Shingwedzi River and now in northern Kruger National Park, was proclaimed in 1903. During the following decades all the native tribes were removed from the reserve and during the 1960s the last were removed at Makuleke in

2052-554: The continent. Across the continent the African elephant population decreased 30% in the period between 2007 and 2014. It is foreseen that the placement of wire traps to procure meat would eventually become the most challenging form of poaching. A scheme has been proposed to reward adjacent communities with the proceeds of game sales in return for their cooperation in game preservation. The larger communities include Bosbokrand, Acornhoek, Hazyview, Hoedspruit, Komatipoort, Malelane, Marloth Park, Nelspruit and Phalaborwa. Communities along

2109-497: The driest periods, culminating at the beginning of the rainy season late in October. Because the park spans 360 kilometres or 220 miles from north to south, climate can vary throughout the park. Skukuza in the southern part of the park is about 2 to 3 °C (3.6 to 5.4 °F) cooler throughout the year than Pafuri in the north, with significantly more rainfall. Plant life consists of four main areas, which correspond roughly to

2166-493: The east, the Lebombo Mountains separate it from Mozambique. Its western boundary runs parallel with this range, roughly 65 km (40 mi) distant. The park varies in altitude between 200 m (660 ft) in the east and 840 m (2,760 ft) in the south-west near Berg-en-Dal. The highest point in the park is here, a hill called Khandzalive. Several rivers run through the park from west to east, including

2223-1098: The economic boom, Giyani has now become a major retail and entertainment center for the local population. Modern shopping centers, with all the well-known chain stores presented, have vastly uplifted the local trade. Residential areas in the area surrounding Giyani CBD include Giyani Sections A, E, and F, D1, D2, and one suburb, Kremetart [1]. Two more residential areas, Risinga View and Church View, aka Homu Block 15, have recently been established. These two fall under local traditional leaders. Other communities under Traditional Leaders (Tihosi) include Siyandhani, Dzingi-dzingi, Ka-Ndhambi, Mageva, Bambeni, Daniel (Makhwivirini), Maphata, Munghonghoma, Ngove, Khaxani, Mphagani, Xitlakati, Mayephu, N'wa-Marhanga, Xamfana, Nkomo A, Kheyi, Loloka, Maswanganyi, Mbhedle, Mushiane, Mayephu, Dzumeri Township, Hluvukani, Khaxani(Mhintlwa), Makhuva, Xawela Bloc 23, Xikhumba, Mbawula, Phalaubeni, Hlomela, Ndindani, Vuhehli, Nkomo B, Nkomo C, N'wa-Khuwani, Bambeni, Mzilela, Matsotsosela, Dzumeri RDP, Homu, Sikhunyani, Mninginisi, Xikukwani,Mavalani, Nkurhi, Tomu, Basani. Some of

2280-945: The entire Giyani CBD were given back to Hosi Homu Chabalala under the settlements scheme with the government. While the other Chabalala headman, Hosi Siyandhanim, successfully claimed some parts of Giyani Section E and Section F and the western portion of Giyani CBD, Mapuve, Jim Nghalalume, and Siyandhani as host villages, Hosi Maswanganyi (Mavhusa) also successfully claimed back their land, which includes: Gandlanani, Basani, N'wamankena, Dingamadzi, Sikhunyani, Kremetart, Dzingidzingi A, B, and C, Bode A and B, Mencisi, and Maswanganyi Village. Hosi Khakhala also successfully claimed back their land, which includes: Muyexe Block 01, Mninginisi Block 02, Mninginisi Block 03, N'wadzekudzeku Block 04, Shivulani Block 05A, Mbatlo Block 05B, Mavalani Block 06, Thomo Block 07, Khakhala Block 08A, Mhlava Block 08B, and Gawula Block 09 Village. Most residents of Giyani speak Xitsonga as their first language. The Tsonga women perform

2337-455: The four quadrants of the park. The main veld types are determined by the rainfall gradient (400 to 750 mm per annum) and geological substrates. Shrub mopane covers almost the entire northeastern part of the park. This area lies in the park's western half, north of the Olifants River. The two most prominent species here are the red bush-willow ( Combretum apiculatum ) and the mopane tree ( Colophospermum mopane ). This area lies between

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2394-492: The government of the South African Republic in 1898, and it became South Africa's first national park in 1926. To the west and south of the Kruger National Park are the two South African provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga , respectively. To the north is Zimbabwe and to the east is Mozambique . It is now part of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park , a peace park that links Kruger National Park with

2451-451: The independent schools in Giyani include Khanyisa Education Centre, Risinga Secondary School, Nkwangulatilo Education Centre, Nyukani Education Centre, High Quality Education Centres, Giyani College of Technology and Management, and Muhluri Combine School. Public schools include Kheto Nxumayo Agricultural High School and Giyani High School. The R81 is the major road that runs through Giyani. It links Giyani to Polokwane and Malamulele and joins

2508-736: The larger birds of prey conversely breed during the dry winter, when their prey is most exposed. Out of the 507 species of birds found at Kruger, 253 are residents, 117 non-breeding migrants, and 147 are nomads. Constituting the southern lowveld , the park's avifaunal affinities are mainly with the tropical north. Some representatives of this group are the African openbill , hooded vulture , Dickinson's kestrel , white-crowned lapwing , brown-necked parrot , Senegal coucal , broad-billed roller , trumpeter hornbill , Böhm's spinetail , tropical boubou , Meves's starling and scarlet-chested sunbird . Some 30 waterbird and wader species are dependent on

2565-522: The new capital of Gazankulu, and they were relocated to the foothills of Man'ombe Mountain in Homu Block 14 and Makoxa Village with their chief, Hosi Homu Chabalala. The Risinga Community, under Hosi Homu Chabalala, successfully claimed back their land, which includes Giyani Section E, Section A, Sections D1 and D2, and some parts of Section F. The whole of Man'ombe Mountain Nature Reserve and

2622-514: The northern half of the park is one of the best known, and communities outside the park have at times been given permits to harvest their caterpillars. The park has a high diversity of termites and 22 genera are known to occur, including the mound-building genera Macrotermes , Cubitermes , Amitermes , Odontotermes and Trinervitermes . A new species of woodlouse , Ctenorillo meyeri , has been discovered inside termite nests , east of Phalaborwa and near Mopani Rest Camp . It

2679-404: The park and 78 nests were known, of which 50% were active. A 2013 study estimated that 904 pairs of white-backed vulture , 78 pairs of lappet-faced vulture and 60 pairs of white-headed vulture breed in the park. Kruger is inhabited by 114 species of reptile, including black mambas , African rock pythons , and 3,000 Nile crocodiles . As yet, knowledge of the densities and distributions of

2736-407: The park's boundaries. Work started on the southern boundary along the Crocodile River and in 1960 the western and northern boundaries were fenced, followed by the eastern boundary with Mozambique. The purpose of the fence was to curb the spread of diseases, facilitate border patrolling and inhibit the movement of poachers . The Makuleke area in the northern part of the park was forcibly taken from

2793-444: The reclusive Pel's fishing owl , which is localized and seldom seen. The 2011 aerial survey found 22 martial eagle nest sites, the 2015 survey an additional 17, while the 2020 survey found 70 nest locations in all, though the activity of these has yet to be determined. There are 25 to 30 breeding pairs of saddle-billed storks in the park, besides a handful of non-breeding individuals. In 2012 178 family groups of ground hornbills roamed

2850-499: The reptiles, especially on smaller spatial scales, is limited by sampling bias and a strong dependence on the park's public infrastructure is evident. 34 species of amphibians are found in the park, as well as 49 fish species. A Zambezi shark, Carcharhinus leucas , also known as the bull shark , was caught at the confluence of the Limpopo and Luvuvhu Rivers in July 1950. Zambezi sharks tolerate fresh water and can travel far up rivers like

2907-438: The rivers or associated dams, including the African finfoot , white-backed night heron , white-crowned lapwing and water thick-knee . Other species are limited to riparian thicket or forest, including African goshawk , crested guineafowl , Natal spurfowl , Narina trogon , Pel's fishing owl , bearded scrub robin , terrestrial brownbul and black-throated wattle-eye . This habitat is often reduced by drought or floods or

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2964-475: The smuggled horns by satellite. South Africa's 22,000 white and black rhinos represent some 93% of these species' world population, 12,000 of which are found in Kruger. In July 2022, Navara , an elephant poacher who frequented Kruger, was arrested in Maputo in a sting operation for possessing rhino horns. As of 2023, he is serving a 30-year prison sentence. Kruger experienced significant elephant poaching in

3021-549: The then northern Transvaal . Kruger National Park was proclaimed in 1918 and a commission established to pursue its planning and development. The first secretary of the commission was Johannes Andries (Dries) de Ridder , a civil servant. Warden James Stevenson-Hamilton retired on 30 April 1946, after 44 years as warden of the Kruger Park. He was replaced by Colonel J. A. B. Sandenbergh of the South African Air Force . In 1959, work commenced to completely fence

3078-426: The understorey is opened up by elephant. Some of the larger birds require large territories or are sensitive to habitat degradation. Six of these birds, which are by and large restricted to Kruger and other extensive conservation areas, have been assigned to a fanciful grouping called the "Big Six Birds". They are the lappet-faced vulture , martial eagle , saddle-billed stork , kori bustard , ground hornbill and

3135-472: The western boundary and roughly the centre of the park south of the Olifants River. Combretums , such as the red bush-willow ( Combretum apiculatum ), and Acacia species predominate while there are a great number of marula trees ( Sclerocarya afra ). The Acacias are dominant along the rivers and streams, the very dense Nwatimhiri bush along the Sabie River between Skukuza and Lower Sabie being

3192-690: Was allocated to increased anti-poaching measures. The intention was to flood the market, crash prices and make poaching less profitable. But instead, the legal sale was followed by "an abrupt, significant, permanent, robust and geographically widespread increase" in elephant poaching, as subsequent research showed. The latest Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES), summit voted down proposals for further one-off ivory sales from stockpiles for having led to increases in poaching across

3249-754: Was supposed to bring much-needed development to the nearby villages of Muyexe, Mahonisi, and Mtititi, where unemployment is 80%. These villages have been historically poor, despite the fact that they border one of the world's best safari destinations. Hudson Ntsanwisi Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.132 via cp1112 cp1112, Varnish XID 942052987 Upstream caches: cp1112 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 07:46:28 GMT Kruger National Park Kruger National Park ( Afrikaans: [ˈkry.(j)ər] )

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