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35-520: Branconio, who was born in L'Aquila , was also the personal keeper of Hanno , the white elephant brought to Rome in 1514. Around 1517 Raphael painted a great Visitation at the request of Marino Branconio, father of Giovanni Battista. The Visitation enriched the Branconio Chapel inside the church of San Silvestro , near the family palazzo in Aquila . Marino's wife was named Elisabetta, and

70-410: A considerable writer under any circumstances, destitute as he was of the power of conceiving a genuine work of art, such as a true dramatic comedy; and to the coarsest as well as the most refined malice he added a grotesque wit so brilliant that in some cases it does not fall short of that of Rabelais. Apart from both sacred and profane texts – a satire of high-flown Renaissance Neoplatonic dialogues

105-615: A crush on a young man called Bianchino, and annoyed Duke Federico with a request to plead with the boy on the writer's behalf. Safe in Venice, Aretino became a blackmailer, extorting money from men who had sought his guidance in vice. He "kept all that was famous in Italy in a kind of state of siege", in Jacob Burckhardt 's estimation. Francis I of France and Charles V pensioned him at the same time, each hoping for some damage to

140-540: A formative decade in Perugia, before being sent, highly recommended, to Rome. There Agostino Chigi , the rich banker and patron of Raphael , took him under his wing. When Hanno the elephant , pet of Pope Leo X , died in 1516, Aretino penned a satirical pamphlet entitled "The Last Will and Testament of the Elephant Hanno". The fictitious will cleverly mocked the leading political and religious figures of Rome at

175-628: A fourth portrait, from "not later than 1535", but Xavier F. Salomon , chief curator at the Frick Collection , writes that "there is no evidence that it ever existed". Titian also portrayed Aretino as Pontius Pilate in his painting "Ecce Homo", in the Kunsthistorisches Museum , Vienna , "as a nameless soldier in the crowd" in " Alfonso d'Avalos Addressing his Troops ", in the Prado Museum , Madrid , and next to

210-632: A gift from the Raja of Cochin , or had asked Afonso de Albuquerque , his viceroy in India , to purchase him. Hanno was said to be white in colour, and arrived by ship from Lisbon to Rome in 1514, aged about four years, and was kept initially in an enclosure in the Belvedere courtyard , then moved to a specially constructed building between St. Peter's Basilica and the Apostolic Palace, near

245-532: A knife in one hand and holds the skin with the semblance of Michelangelo's face in the other. However, Aretino's criticism [of Michelangelo] was not written until 1545, four years after the fresco was completed. Even Aretino's good friend Vasari did not recognize him." Aretino is frequently mentioned in English works of the Elizabethan and later periods and differently appreciated, in comments ranging from "It

280-468: A letter to Giovanni de' Medici written in 1524 Aretino enclosed a satirical poem saying that due to a sudden aberration he had "fallen in love with a female cook and temporarily switched from boys to girls..." ( My Dear Boy ). In his comedy Il marescalco , the lead man is overjoyed to discover that the woman he has been forced to marry is really a page boy in disguise. While at court in Mantua he developed

315-662: A memorial fresco (which does not survive), and the Pope himself composed the epitaph: Under this great hill I lie buried Mighty elephant which the King Manuel Having conquered the Orient Sent as captive to Pope Leo X. At which the Roman people marvelled, -- A beast not seen for a long time, And in my brutish breast they perceived human feelings. Fate envied me my residence in the blessed Latium And had not

350-422: A rapier weapon of satire, until his sixteen ribald Sonetti Lussuriosi (Lust Sonnets) written to accompany Giulio Romano 's exquisitely beautiful but utterly pornographic series of drawings engraved by Marcantonio Raimondi under the title I Modi finally caused such outrage that he had to temporarily flee Rome. After Leo's death in 1521, his patron was Cardinal Giulio de' Medici , whose competitors for

385-488: A self-portrait in " La Gloria ", also in the Prado. Clement VII made Aretino a Knight of Rhodes , and Julius III named him a Knight of St. Peter, but the chain he wears for his 1545 portrait may have merely been jewelry. In his strictly-for-publication letters to patrons Aretino would often add a verbal portrait to Titian's painted one. Titian was far from the only artist who portrayed Aretino. "Probably no other celebrity of

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420-493: Is set in a brothel – and comedies such as La cortigiana and La talenta , Aretino is remembered above all for his letters, full of literary flattery that could turn to blackmail . They circulated widely in manuscript and he collected them and published them at intervals winning as many enemies as it did fame, and earned him the dangerous nickname Ariosto gave him: flagello dei principi ("scourge of princes"). In 1559, three years after Aretino's death, his entire oeuvre

455-403: The cinquecento had his image reproduced so often and in so many media: paintings, frescoes, sculptures, prints, medals   [...] At various stages of his life Aretino was also portrayed by Sebastiano del Piombo , Alessandro Moretto , Francesco Salviati , Jacopo Tintoretto , and Giorgio Vasari . His portrait was engraved by Marcantonio Raimondi and Giovanni Jacopo Caraglio . His likeness

490-430: The 8th of June, In the fourth year of the pontificate of Leo X. That which Nature has stolen away Raphael of Urbino with his art has restored. Hanno was also the subject of a satirical pamphlet by Pietro Aretino titled "The Last Will and Testament of the Elephant Hanno." The fictitious will cleverly mocked the leading political and religious figures of Rome at the time, including Pope Leo X himself. The pamphlet

525-534: The Borgo Sant'Angelo (a road in the rione of Borgo ). His arrival was commemorated in poetry and art. Pasquale Malaspina wrote: In the Belvedere before the great Pastor Was conducted the trained elephant Dancing with such grace and such love That hardly better would a man have danced: And then with its trunk such a great noise It made, that the entire place was deafened: And stretching itself on

560-654: The Tuscan poet, lies, who all the world abused but God, and why? he said he knew him not." His tomb in San Luca no longer exists. Pietro's first biographer states that there was no epitaph on the tomb. Those who claim that there was a sarcastic epitaph in hendecasyllables a maiore suspect that it should be attributed to Bishop Paolo Giovio , and that it was composed when Aretino was still alive: Qui giace l'Aretin, poeta tosco: Di tutti disse mal fuorché di Cristo, Scusandosi col dir: non lo conosco. In 2007,

595-641: The Visitation represents the Virgin Mary and Saint Elizabeth. In 1655 the canvas was forcefully removed by occupying Spanish troops and taken to El Escorial . Today it is part of the permanent collection of the Museo del Prado , while a copy can be seen in the Branconio Chapel. This Italian biographical article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Hanno (elephant) Hanno ( Italian : Annone ; c. 1510 – 8 June 1516)

630-532: The contrary, presenting so awful a subject, exhibit saints and angels, these without earthly decency, and those without celestial honors[…]. Your art would be at home in some voluptuous bagnio , certainly not in the highest chapel in the world[…]. I do not write this out of any resentment for the things I begged of you. In truth, if you had sent me what you promised, you would only have been doing what you ought to have desired most eagerly to do in your own interest." John Addington Symonds writes, "Aretino’s real object

665-419: The face of Saint Bartholomew [who is holding the skin] is similar to the face of Pietro Aretino, one of Michelangelo's chief persecutors." But these resemblances were unrelated to Aretino's letter to Michelangelo. Bernadine Barnes writes that no sixteenth-century critic noticed "the portrait of Pietro Aretino in the fresco   [...] [V]iewers of our own time have often seen him as St Bartholomew, who brandishes

700-469: The ground to kneel It then straightened up in reverence to the Pope, And to his entourage. Hanno became a great favourite of the papal court and was featured in processions. Two years after he came to Rome, he fell ill suddenly, was given a purgative, and died on 8 June 1516, with the pope at his side. Hanno was interred in the Cortile del Belvedere at the age of seven. The artist Raphael designed

735-523: The militia. The father later returned to Arezzo, finally dying in poverty at the age of 85, unforgiven by his son, who never acknowledged the paternal name, taking Aretino (meaning 'Arretine, from Arezzo') as a surname. His mother was Margherita, known as Tita, Bonci. Either before or after the abandonment (it is not known which), she entered into a lasting relationship with a local noble, Luigi Bacci, who supported Tita, Pietro and his two sisters and brought up Pietro as part of his own family. Aretino spent

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770-653: The papal throne felt the sting of Aretino's scurrilous lash. The installation of the Dutch pope Adrian VI ( "la tedesca tigna" in Pietro's words) instead encouraged Aretino to seek new patrons away from Rome, mainly with Federico II Gonzaga in Mantua , and with the condottiero Giovanni de' Medici ("Giovanni delle Bande Nere"). The election of his old Medici patron as Pope Clement VII sent him briefly back to Rome, but death threats and an attempted assassination from one of

805-437: The patience to let me serve my master a full three years. But I wish, oh gods, that the time which Nature would have assigned to me, and Destiny stole away, You will add to the life of the great Leo. He lived seven years He died of angina He measured twelve palms in height. Giovanni Battista Branconio dell'Aquila Privy chamberlain to the pope And provost of the custody of the elephant, Has erected this in 1516,

840-539: The perfect courtier, a charlatan proceeds to teach Messer Maco how to behave as a courtier: he must learn how to deceive and flatter, and sit hours in front of the mirror. Aretino was a close friend of Titian 's, who painted his portrait three times: a 1527 portrait in the Kunstmuseum Basel , a 1537 portrait in the Frick Collection , and a 1545 portrait in the Pitti Palace . Luba Freedman cites

875-463: The reputation of the other. "The rest of his relations with the great is mere beggary and vulgar extortion", according to Burckhardt. Addison states that "he laid half Europe under contribution." Aretino is said to have died of suffocation from " laughing too much ". The more mundane truth may be that he died from a stroke or heart attack. His literary talent, his clear and sparkling style, his varied observation of men and things, would have made him

910-535: The time, including Pope Leo X himself. The pamphlet was such a success that it started Aretino's career and established him as a famous satirist, ultimately known as "the Scourge of Princes". Aretino prospered, living from hand to mouth as a hanger-on in the literate circle of his patron, sharpening his satirical talents on the gossip of politics and the Papal Curia , and turning the coarse Roman pasquinade into

945-524: The victims of his pen, Bishop Giovanni Giberti , in July 1525, set him wandering through northern Italy in the service of various noblemen, distinguished by his wit, audacity and brilliant and facile talents, until he settled permanently in 1527, in Venice , the anti-Papal city of Italy, "seat of all vices", Aretino noted with gusto. He was a lover of men, having declared himself "a sodomite" since birth. In

980-581: Was Leo's amusement, earned him a post in the papal service. The Malayalam novel "Aano" Written by G. R. Indugopan is the story of this elephant and its mahout who travelled in Europe as their perspective Pietro Aretino Pietro Aretino ( US : / ˌ ɑːr ɪ ˈ t iː n oʊ , ˌ ær -/ , Italian: [ˈpjɛːtro areˈtiːno] ; 19 or 20 April 1492 – 21 October 1556) was an Italian author, playwright, poet, satirist and blackmailer , who wielded influence on contemporary art and politics. He

1015-467: Was listed in the papal Index of Prohibited Books . La cortigiana is a brilliant parody of Castiglione 's Il Cortegiano , and features the adventures of a Sienese gentleman, Messer Maco, who travels to Rome to become a cardinal . He would also like to win himself a mistress, but when he falls in love with a girl he sees in a window, he realizes that only as a courtier would he be able to win her. In mockery of Castiglione's advice on how to become

1050-557: Was one of the most influential writers of his time and an outspoken critic of the powerful. Owing to his communications and sympathies with religious reformers , he is considered to have been a Nicodemite Protestant . He was a good friend and publicist of the Venetian artist Titian , who painted his portrait three times. His father was Luca Del Tura, a shoemaker from Arezzo , in Tuscany , Italy, who abandoned his family to join

1085-536: Was one of the wittiest knaves that ever God made" of Nashe ( The Unfortunate Traveller ) to "that notorious ribald of Arezzo" of Milton 's Areopagitica . The English traveller Sir John Reresby visited "the obscene profane poet" Aretino's grave in the church of San Luca, Venice , in the mid-1650s. He relates that the following epitaph had been removed by the inquisitors : Qui jace Aretin, poeta Tusco, qui dice mal d'ogni uno fuora di Dio; scusandosi dicendo, Io no'l cognosco. This he translates as "Here Aretin,

Giovanbattista Branconio dell'Aquila - Misplaced Pages Continue

1120-637: Was reproduced on medals by Leone Leoni , Francesco Segala, Alfonso Lombardi , and Alessandro Vittoria and his image was sculpted by Jacopo Sansovino and Danese Cattaneo ." In November 1545, Aretino wrote an open letter to Michelangelo criticizing the nudity in The Last Judgment . His dialogues, La Nanna , Aretino wrote, "demonstrate the superiority of my reserve to your indiscretion, seeing that I, while handling themes lascivious and immodest, use language comely and decorous, speak in terms beyond reproach and inoffensive to chaste ears. You, on

1155-566: Was such a success that it kickstarted Aretino's career and established him as a famous satirist, ultimately known as "the Scourge of Princes". There are four sketches of Hanno, done in life with red chalk, in the collection of the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford. Hanno's story is told at length in Silvio Bedini 's book, The Pope's Elephant . According to Robert Greene , Aretino's audacious satire catapulted him to fame and, such

1190-483: Was the pet white elephant given by King Manuel I of Portugal to Pope Leo X (born Giovanni de' Medici) at his coronation. Hanno, an Asian elephant , came to Rome in 1514 with the Portuguese ambassador Tristão da Cunha and quickly became the Pope's favorite animal. Hanno died two years later from complications of a treatment for constipation with gold-enriched laxative. King Manuel had either received him as

1225-657: Was to wheedle some priceless sketch or drawing out of the great master. This appears from a second letter written by him on the 20th of January 1538." Symonds describes Michelangelo's answer to Aretino's November 1545 letter: "Under the form of elaborate compliment it conceals the scorn he must have conceived for Aretino and his insolent advice. Yet he knew how dangerous the man could be, and felt obliged to humour him." In Michelangelo's The Last Judgment , completed in 1541, he had painted Saint Bartholomew displaying his own flayed skin. "[T]he sagging flayed skin […] many scholars believe depicts Michelangelo's own features. Interestingly,

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