83-534: Gleadless Valley is a housing estate and electoral ward of the City of Sheffield in England. The population of the estate at the 2021 Census was 9,724. It lies 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south-southeast of the city centre. Formerly a rural area, Gleadless Valley was developed as a large housing project with around 4000 dwellings by Sheffield City Council between 1955 and 1962. It is an area of undulating land drained by
166-676: A Bangladeshi restaurant known as the Cutlers Spice while the Far Lees has been adapted into a Best-One convenience store. The only public recreation area in the suburb is Herdings Park which has two football pitches, a bowling green and a children's playground, as well as open parkland. The Blackstock Road Household Waste Recycling Centre is located within Gleadless Valley, it is run by Veolia Environmental Services on behalf of Sheffield City Council. The purple route of
249-578: A panel building constructed of pre-fabricated, pre-stressed concrete , such as those extant in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and elsewhere in the world. Large housing estates of concrete panel buildings (paneláks) now dominate the streets of Prague , Bratislava and other towns. The largest housing estate in Central Europe and Slovakia can be found in Petržalka (population about 130,000),
332-994: A "learning log". In addition, many hold qualifications such as the DCH (Diploma in Child Health of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health ) or the DRCOG (Diploma of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists ), the DPD (Diploma in Practical Dermatology) or the DGH (Diploma in Geriatric Medicine of the Royal College of Physicians). Some General Practitioners also hold the MRCP (Member of
415-503: A 5-year MBBS program is succeeded by a one-year rotational internship encompassing various specialties. Bangladesh Medical & Dental Council (BM&DC) then provides permanent registration to the doctors, after which the candidate may choose to practice as a GP or opt for specialty training.. As of 2019, there are some 86,800 doctors, and dentists registered with the BM&;DC. Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons (BCPS) has
498-458: A GP practice. The second year of training consists of six months training at an emergency room, or internal medicine, paediatrics or gynaecology, or a combination of a general or academic hospital, three months of training at a psychiatric hospital or outpatient clinic and three months at a nursing home (verpleeghuis) or clinical geriatrics ward/policlinic. During all three years, residents get one day of training at university while working in practice
581-444: A certificate of appropriate qualifications. General medical practice can be carried out both individually and in a group, including with the participation of narrow specialists. The work of general practitioners is allowed, both in the medical institution and in private. The general practitioner has broad legal rights. He can lead junior medical personnel, provide services under medical insurance contracts, conclude additional contracts to
664-789: A cluster of high-rise buildings, often with its own shopping centre or market in the case of larger developments. Mei Foo Sun Chuen , built by Mobil , is the earliest (1965) and largest (99 blocks) example of its kind. Since the mid-1990s, private developers have been incorporating leisure facilities including clubhouse facilities, namely swimming pools, tennis courts and function rooms in their more up-market developments. The most recent examples would also have cinemas, dance studios, cigar-rooms. Uniform high-rise developments may form 'wall effect ( Chinese : 屏風效應 )', adversely affecting air circulation, causing some controversy. In-fill developments will tend to be done by smaller developers with less capital. These will be smaller in scale, and less prone to
747-429: A family, etc. General practitioners would be the surgeons, the obstetricians, and the internists for their given communities. Changes in demographics and the growing complexities of the developing bodies of knowledge made it necessary to produce more highly trained surgeons and other specialists. For many physicians it was a natural desire to want to be considered "specialists". What was not anticipated by many physicians
830-477: A graduate course of four to six years) leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery . Until 2005, those wishing to become a general practitioner of medicine had to do a minimum of the following postgraduate training: This process changed under the programme Modernising Medical Careers . Medical practitioners graduating from 2005 onwards have to do a minimum of five years postgraduate training: The postgraduate qualification Membership of
913-595: A hospital setting. General Practitioners in Greece may either work as private specialists or for the National Healthcare Service, ESY (Εθνικό Σύστημα Υγείας, ΕΣΥ). General practice in the Netherlands and Belgium is considered advanced. The huisarts (literally: "home doctor") administers first line, primary care. In the Netherlands, patients usually cannot consult a hospital specialist without
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#1732780768320996-462: A license to practice medicine in 47 of the 50 United States of America. Since the establishment of the Board of Family Medicine, a family medicine physician is no longer the same as a general practitioner. What makes a Family Medicine Physician different from a General Practitioner/Physician is two-fold. First off a Family Medicine Physician has completed the three years of Family Medicine residency and
1079-514: A means of producing public housing leading to monotenure estates full of council houses often known as "council estates". The latter can refer to higher end tract housing for the middle class and even upper middle class . The problems incurred by the early attempts at high density tower-block housing turned people away from this style of living. The resulting demand for land has seen many towns and cities increase in size for relatively moderate increases in population. This has been largely at
1162-470: A one-year membership and four-year fellowship program in Family Medicine . In Pakistan, 5 years of MBBS is followed by one year of internship in different specialties. Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC) then confers permanent registration, after which the candidate may choose to practice as a GP or opt for specialty training. The first Family Medicine Training programme was approved by
1245-573: A part of the Slovak capital of Bratislava. In Britain and Ireland , housing estates have become prevalent since the Second World War , as a more affluent population demanded larger and more widely spaced houses coupled with the increase of car usage for which terraced streets were unsuitable. Housing estates were produced by either local authorities (more recently, housing associations ) or by private developers. The former tended to be
1328-524: A profit share of around £95,900 before tax while a GP employed by a CCG could expect to earn a salary in the range of £54,863 to £82,789. This can equate to an hourly rate of around £40 an hour for a GP partner. A survey by Ipsos MORI released in 2011 reports that 88% of adults in the UK "trust doctors to tell the truth". In May 2017, there was said to be a crisis in the UK with practices having difficulties recruiting GPs they need. Helen Stokes-Lampard of
1411-430: A required referral. Most GPs work in private practice although more medical centers with employed GPs are seen. Many GPs have a specialist interest, e.g. in palliative care . In Belgium, one year of lectures and two years of residency are required. In the Netherlands, training consists of three years (full-time) of specialization after completion of internships of 3 years. First and third year of training takes place at
1494-536: A resident ( interne ) : This ends with a doctorate , a research work which usually consist of a statistical study of cases to propose a care strategy for a specific condition (in an epidemiological, diagnostic, or therapeutic point of view). General Practice was established as a medical specialty in Greece in 1986. To qualify as a General Practitioner (γενικός ιατρός, genikos iatros) doctors in Greece are required to complete four years of vocational training after medical school, including three years and two months in
1577-531: A significant landmark on the Sheffield skyline. They were the first tower blocks to be built in Sheffield and were constructed by a London firm because no Sheffield contractor felt confident to take on the project. One of the blocks was demolished in the mid 1990s after it was found that it had been built on a fault and was unsafe. The two remaining blocks were refurbished and re-clad in 1998. Six more tower blocks were built at Callow Mount, Drive and Place in 1962 at
1660-469: A tract of land by one builder and controlled by one management." In the United Kingdom , the term is quite broad and can include anything from high-rise government-subsidised housing right through to more upmarket, developer-led suburban tract housing . Such estates are usually designed to minimise through-traffic flows and provide recreational space in the form of parks and greens. The use of
1743-521: A year. In this test of 120 multiple choice questions, medical, ethical, scientific and legal matters of GP work are addressed. In Spain GPs are officially especialistas en medicina familiar y comunitaria but are commonly called " médico de cabecera " or " médico de familia ". It was established as a medical specialty in Spain in 1978. Most Spanish GPs work for the state-funded health services provided by
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#17327807683201826-788: Is a group of homes and other buildings built together as a single development. The exact form may vary from country to country. Popular throughout the United States and the United Kingdom , they often consist of single family detached , semi-detached ("duplex") or terraced homes, with separate ownership of each dwelling unit . Building density depends on local planning norms. In major Asian cities, such as Hong Kong , Kuala Lumpur , Shanghai , Shenzhen , Singapore , Seoul , Taipei , and Tokyo , an estate may range from detached houses to high-density tower blocks with or without commercial facilities; in Europe and America, these may take
1909-407: Is an academic and scientific discipline with its own educational content, research , evidence base and clinical activity. Historically, the role of a GP was performed by any doctor with qualifications from a medical school working in the community. However, since the 1950s, general practice has become a medical specialty with additional training requirements. The 1978 Alma Ata Declaration set
1992-481: Is board eligible or board certified in Family Medicine; while a General Practitioner does not have any board certification and cannot sit for any board exam. Secondly, a Family Medicine Physician is able to practice obstetrics, the care of the pregnant woman from conception to delivery, while a general practitioner is not adequately trained in obstetrics. Prior to recent history most postgraduate education in
2075-443: Is called QMAS . The amount that a GP can expect to earn does vary according to the location of their work and the health needs of the population that they serve. Within a couple of years of the new contract being introduced, it became apparent that there were a few examples where the arrangements were out step with what had been expected. A full-time self-employed GP, such as a GMS or PMS practice partner, might currently expect to earn
2158-489: Is common in the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Australia, Canada, Singapore, South Africa, New Zealand and other Commonwealth countries. In these countries, the word " physician " is largely reserved for medical specialists often working in hospitals, notably in internal medicine . In North America the term is sometimes synonymous with the terms family doctor or primary care physician . General practice
2241-476: Is diverse and includes tower blocks , maisonettes of various designs, three storey patio houses and more conventional houses with flat roofs as well as apartments for the elderly. One of the main challenges for Womersley when designing the scheme was the rolling terrain of the area, with slopes averaging 1 in 8 and reaching 1 in 4 in places. He overcame this by using patio houses, chalet-type housing and blocks of cluster houses which could be varied in design to suit
2324-487: Is made of data gathering, interpersonal skills and clinical management. This Clinical Skills Assessment (CSA) is held on three or four occasions throughout the year and takes place at the renovated headquarters of the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP), at 30 Euston Square , London . Finally, throughout the year the physician must complete an electronic portfolio which is made up of case-based discussions, critique of videoed consultations and reflective entries into
2407-525: Is often dependent on local needs and circumstances. In urban areas their roles may focus on: In rural areas , a GP may additionally be routinely involved in pre-hospital emergency care, the delivery of babies, community hospital care and performing low-complexity surgical procedures. GPs may work in larger primary care centers where they provide care within a multidisciplinary healthcare team, while in other cases GPs may work as sole practitioners or in smaller practices. The term general practitioner or GP
2490-710: Is required by many hospitals and health plans for hospital privileges and remuneration, respectively. It was not until the 1970s that family medicine was recognized as a specialty in the US. Many licensed family medical practitioners in the United States after this change began to use the term "general practitioner" to refer to those practitioners who previously did not complete a family medicine residency. Family physicians (after completing medical school ) must then complete three to four years of additional residency in family medicine. Three hundred hours of medical education within
2573-490: Is that an option to be a generalist would lose its prestige and be further degraded by a growing bureaucracy of insurance and hospitals requiring board certification. It has been shown that there is no statistically significant correlation between board certification and patient safety or quality of care which is why 47 states do not require board certification to practice medicine. Board certification agencies have been increasing their fees exponentially since establishment and
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2656-480: Is the second oldest building in Sheffield after Bishops' House . During the reign of Elizabeth I a windmill stood close by. When the Gleadless Valley estate was built in the 1950s, The Herdings was converted into a Youth Club. The building suffered a fire a number of years ago and stood derelict for some time with no roof on. It was eventually fully restored and opened as a community venue in November 2010 known as
2739-433: Is used in the United States . A core element in general practice is continuity of care, that bridges episodes of various illnesses over time. Greater continuity with a general practitioner has been shown to reduce the need for out-of-hours services and acute hospital admittance. Continuous care by the same general practitioner has been found to reduce mortality . The role of a GP varies between and within countries, and
2822-410: Is usually managed by state medical councils. A permanent registration as a Registered Medical Practitioner is granted only after satisfactory completion of the compulsory internship. The Federation of Family Physicians' Associations of India (FFPAI) is an organization which has a connection with more than 8000 general practitioners through having affiliated membership. In Bangladesh, the completion of
2905-462: The médecin généraliste (commonly called médecin de famille ) is responsible for primary care medicine, including non-vital emergencies and patient's follow up. This implies prevention, education, care of the diseases and traumas . The general practitionner orientates the patients to other specialists when necessary. They have a role in the survey of epidemics , a legal role (constatation of traumas that can bring compensation, certificates for
2988-708: The College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan (CPSP) in 1992 and initiated in 1993 by the Family Medicine Division of the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University , Pakistan. Family Medicine residency training programme of Ziauddin University is approved for Fellowship in Family Medicine. General practitioners are regulated in the EU by Directive 2005/36/EC . In France
3071-536: The Meers Brook , which has its source on the high ground in the woodland at Gleadless . Adjacent are Gleadless to the east, Norton to the south-west, Heeley to the west and Arbourthorne to the north. Prior to the middle of the 19th century Gleadless valley was an area of isolated ancient woodland with some farmland. Buck Wood to the north of the valley is a modern name but in John Harrison’s survey of
3154-621: The Royal College of Physicians ) or other specialist qualifications, but generally only if they had a hospital career, or a career in another speciality, before training in General Practice. There are many arrangements under which general practitioners can work in the UK. While the main career aim is becoming a principal or partner in a GP surgery, many become salaried or non-principal GPs, work in hospitals in GP-led acute care units or perform locum work. Whichever of these roles they fill,
3237-563: The Sheffield Supertram system terminates at Herdings Park giving good transport links for the southern part of the suburb while the First bus number 1a has a frequent service starting at Herdings (with 20 starting at, and 18 and 18a serving, Hemsworth) and serving the rest of the Gleadless Valley and Stagecoach bus 1 from Jordanthorpe on their way to Sheffield city centre 25 minutes away. There are two listed buildings within
3320-412: The communist era because the construction of large housing estates was an important part of building plans in communist countries in Europe. They can be located in suburban and urban areas . Accordingly, a housing estate is usually built by a single contractor, with only a few styles of house or building design, so they tend to be uniform in appearance. A housing development is "often erected on
3403-492: The "intensity of working day". There is an NHS England initiative to situate GPs in or near hospital emergency departments to divert minor cases away from A&E and reduce pressure on emergency services. 97 hospital trusts have been allocated money, mostly for premises alterations or development. The population of this type of medical practitioner is declining, however. Currently, the Medical Departments of
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3486-567: The 4 years curriculum. The assessment is work based and involves completing a logbook that ensures all the expected skills, abilities and aptitudes have been acquired by the end of the training period. In the Russian Federation, the General Practitioner's Regulation was put into effect in 1992, after which medical schools started training in the relevant specialty. The right to practice as a general practitioner gives
3569-402: The Gleadless Valley housing estate and would continue until 1962. Farmland was bought up by Sheffield City Council by compulsory purchase order and the three districts of the new Gleadless Valley estate were named after the former farms of Herdings, Hemsworth and Rollestone. The project was planned to accommodate 17000 residents and was overseen by the city architect J.L. Womersley. The housing
3652-463: The Meers Brook and its tributaries. The expansion of Sheffied in the second half of the 19th century took in the nearby areas of Heeley and Meersbrook and this had an indirect effect on the Gleadless Valley as it started to be used for walks and recreation by the residents of these areas. By the 20th century, allotments and sports grounds had been laid out in the valley and Lees Hall golf club
3735-560: The NHS have included changes to the GP contract . General practitioners are no longer required to work unsociable hours and get paid to some extent according to their performance , (e.g. numbers of patients treated, what treatments were administered, and the health of their catchment area, through the Quality and Outcomes Framework ). The IT system used for assessing their income based on these criteria
3818-625: The One 4 All Community Hub. The other listed building is the Bagshawe Arms on Norton Avenue, this was built by the Bagshawe family of Oakes Park in Norton. It was originally a farmhouse, some of the farm buildings can still be seen at the rear, it was enlarged and renovated in 1829. The stable at the back of the pub has a flight of stairs going up the outside, this goes to an upper long room that
3901-621: The RCGP, though many do not). During the GP specialty training programme, the medical practitioner must complete a variety of assessments in order to be allowed to practice independently as a GP. There is a knowledge-based exam with multiple choice questions called the Applied Knowledge Test (AKT). The practical examination takes the form of a "simulated surgery" in which the physicians is presented with thirteen clinical cases and assessment
3984-479: The Royal College of General Practitioners (MRCGP) was previously optional. In 2008, a requirement was introduced for physicians to succeed in the MRCGP assessments in order to be issued with a certificate of completion of their specialty training (CCT) in general practice. After passing the assessments, they are eligible to use the post-nominal letters MRCGP (so long as the physicians continued to pay membership fees to
4067-403: The Royal College of General Practitioners said, "At present, UK general practice does not have sufficient resources to deliver the care and services necessary to meet our patients' changing needs, meaning that GPs and our teams are working under intense pressures, which are simply unsustainable. Workload in general practice is escalating – it has increased 16% over the last seven years, according to
4150-596: The US Air Force, Army and Navy have many of these general practitioners, known as General Medical Officers or GMOs, in active practice. The GMO is an inherent concept to all military medical branches. GMOs are the gatekeepers of medicine in that they hold the purse strings and decide upon the merit of specialist consultation. The US now holds a different definition for the term "general practitioner". The two terms "general practitioner" and "family practice" were synonymous prior to 1970. At that time both terms (if used within
4233-465: The US) referred to someone who completed medical school and the one-year required internship, and then worked as a general family doctor. Completion of a post-graduate specialty training program or residency in family medicine was, at that time, not a requirement. A physician who specializes in "family medicine" must now complete a residency in family medicine and must be eligible for board certification , which
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#17327807683204316-432: The United States include tract housing , apartment complexes , and public housing . General practitioner A general practitioner ( GP ) or family physician is a doctor who is a consultant in general practice . GPs have distinct expertise and experience in providing whole person medical care, whilst managing the complexity, uncertainty and risk associated with the continuous care they provide. GPs work at
4399-415: The United States was accomplished using the mentor system. A physician would finish a rotating internship and move to some town and be taught by the local physicians the skills needed for that particular town. This allowed each community's needs to be met by the teaching of the new general practitioner the skills needed in that community. This also allowed the new physician to start making a living and raising
4482-976: The board examinations are known to not be clinically relevant and are at least 5 years out of date. Yet, there is still a misbelief that board certification is necessary to practice medicine and therefore it has made a non-board eligible general physician a rare breed of physician due to the lack of available job opportunities for them. Certificates of Added Qualifications (CAQs) in adolescent medicine , geriatric medicine , sports medicine , sleep medicine , and hospice and palliative medicine are available for those board-certified family physicians with additional residency training requirements. Recently, new fellowships in International Family Medicine have emerged. These fellowships are designed to train family physicians working in resource-poor environments. In 2009 an ongoing shortage of primary care physicians (and also other primary care providers)
4565-512: The county's 17 regional governments ( comunidades autónomas ). They are in most cases salary-based healthcare workers. For the provision of primary care, Spain is currently divided geographically in basic health care areas ( áreas básicas de salud ), each one containing a primary health care team ( Equipo de atención primaria ). Each team is multidisciplinary and typically includes GPs, community pediatricians, nurses, physiotherapists and social workers, together with ancillary staff. In urban areas all
4648-440: The different housing types will have their distinctive characteristics, density ranges, number of units, and floors. Due to dense population and government control of land use, Hong Kong 's most common residential housing form is the highrise housing estate, which may be publicly owned, privately owned, or semi-private. Due to the real-estate developers oligopoly (sometimes called real estate hegemony, Chinese : 地產霸權 ) in
4731-429: The estate, both of them Grade II and standing in the southern part of the suburb. The Herdings is an old farmhouse which stands on Morland Road. Much of the building dates from 1675 and that is the date on the lintel, it was built around the remaining three trusses of an earlier and larger cruck building. The oldest part of the building stands on Saxon foundations and dates from the 13th century, there are claims that it
4814-412: The estates. They may vary in scale, and are usually located in the remote or less accessible parts of the territory, but urban expansion has put some of them in the heart of the urban area. Although some units are destined exclusively for rental, some of the flats within each development are earmarked for sale at prices that are lower than for private developments. Private housing estates usually feature
4897-426: The expense of rural and greenfield land . Recently, there has been some effort to address this problem by banning the development of out-of-town commercial developments and encouraging the reuse of brownfield or previously developed sites for residential building. Nevertheless, the demand for housing continues to rise, and in the UK at least has precipitated a significant housing crisis. Forms of housing estates in
4980-499: The form of town housing, high-rise housing projects, or the older-style rows of terraced houses associated with the Industrial Revolution , detached or semi-detached houses with small plots of land around them forming gardens, and are frequently without commercial facilities and such. In Central and Eastern Europe , living in housing estates is a common way of living. Most of these housing estates originated during
5063-525: The heart of their communities , striving to provide comprehensive and equitable care for everyone, taking into account their health care needs, stage of life and background. GPs work in, connect with and lead multidisciplinary teams that care for people and their families , respecting the context in which they live, aiming to ensure all of their physical health and mental health needs are met. They are trained to treat patients to levels of complexity that vary between countries. The term "primary care physician"
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#17327807683205146-509: The intellectual foundation of primary care and general practice. The basic medical degree in India is MBBS ( Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery ). These generally consist of a four-and-a-half-year course followed by a year of compulsory rotatory internship in India. The internship requires the candidate to work in all departments for a stipulated period of time, to undergo hands-on training in treating patients. The registration of doctors
5229-400: The latest research – yet investment in our service has steadily declined over the last decade and the number of GPs has not risen in step with patient demand ... This must be addressed as a matter of urgency.". Professor Azeem Majeed from Imperial College has also raised concerns about general practice in the UK. In 2018 the average GP worked less than three and a half days a week because of
5312-406: The main contract, and conduct an examination of the quality of medical services. For independent decisions, the general practitioner is responsible in accordance with the law. The main tasks of a general practitioner are: In the United Kingdom physicians wishing to become GPs take at least five years' training after medical school , which is usually an undergraduate course of five to six years (or
5395-484: The manor of Sheffield in 1637 it was known as Berrystorth which is an Old Norse name which implies a wood of great antiquity. Much of the present day woodland has a wide range of ancient woodland indicator species including Bluebell , Dog's mercury , Common wood sorrel and Yellow archangel . Herdings Wood was the main area of trees in the valley in ancient times, this was later subdivided into Leeshall Wood, The Lumb and Rollestone Wood as well as Herdings Wood itself. It
5478-533: The northern end of Gleadless Valley close to Newfield Green and these too were re-clad and modernised in the late 1990s. Gleadless Valley is served by two GP surgeries, Gleadless Medical Centre covers the northern part of the suburb at 636 Gleadless Road while the Sloan Medical Centre at 29 Blackstock Road serves the southern area. Primary schools in the area are Bankwood Community Primary School on Bankwood Close which has around 380 pupils and serves
5561-456: The northern part of the suburb and Valley Park Community School on Norton Avenue with around 390 pupils which serves the southern area. There are no secondary schools on the estate, the nearest two being Sheffield Springs Academy on Hurlfield Road and Newfield Secondary School on Lees Hall Road, both schools have around 1100 pupils. Gleadless Valley Comprehensive, which was fed from Bankwood, Hemsworth and Herdings Primary Schools respectively and
5644-462: The other days. The first year, a lot of emphasis is placed on communications skills with video training. Furthermore, all aspects of working as a GP gets addressed including working with the medical standards from the Dutch GP association NHG (Nederlands Huisartsen Genootschap). All residents must also take the national GP knowledge test (Landelijke Huisartsgeneeskundige Kennistoets (LHK-toets)) twice
5727-568: The practice of a sport , death certificate , certificate for hospitalisation without consent in case of mental incapacity), and a role in the emergency care (they can be called by the samu , the French EMS ). They often go to a patient's home when the patient cannot come to the consulting room (especially in case of children or old people), and have to contribute to night and week-end duties. The studies consist of six years at university (common to all medical specialities), and four years as
5810-601: The prior six years is also required to be eligible to sit for the board certification exam; these hours are largely acquired during residency training. The existing general practitioners in the 1970s were given the choice to be grandfathered into the newly created specialty of Family Practice. In 1971 the American Academy of General Practice changed its name to the American Academy of Family Physicians. The prior system of graduating from medical school and completing one year of post-graduate training (rotating internship)
5893-689: The prosperous face of Pakistan. Gated communities in Pakistan are targeted towards upper middle class and upper class, and are mostly immune from problems of law enforcement. Forms of housing estates may vary in the Czech Republic and Slovakia . During the communist era of Czechoslovakia , a construction of large housing estates ( Czech : sídliště , Slovak : sídlisko ) was an important part of building plans. The government wanted to provide large quantities of fast and affordable housing and to slash costs by employing uniform designs over
5976-700: The services are concentrated in a single large building (Centro de salud) while in rural areas the main center is supported by smaller branches ( consultorios ), typically single-handled. Becoming a GP in Spain involves studying medicine for 6 years, passing a competitive national exam called MIR ( Medico Interno Residente ) and undergoing a 4-year training program. The training program includes core specialties as general medicine and general practice (around 12 months each), pediatrics, gynecology, orthopedics and psychiatry. Shorter and optional placements in ENT, ophthalmology, ED, infectious diseases, rheumathology or others add up to
6059-404: The slope. The way that the housing was built impressively on the contours of the land and the retention of the ancient woodland is the reason that the Gleadless Valley project is held in such high esteem. Two tower block schemes are incorporated into the project, three blocks were built at Herdings at Raeburn Place in 1959. These blocks are built at an altitude of over 660 feet (200 m) and are
6142-439: The term may have arisen from an area of housing being built on what had been a country estate as towns and cities expanded in and after the 19th century. It was in use by 1901. Reduction of the phrase to mere "estate" is common in the United Kingdom and Ireland (especially when preceded by the specific estate name), but not in the United States. There are several different housing types utilized by housing developers. Each of
6225-416: The territory, and the economies of scale of mass developments, there is the tendency of new private tower block developments with 10 to over 100 towers, ranging from 30 to 70 stories high. Public housing provides affordable homes for those on low incomes, with rents which are heavily subsidised , financed by financial activities such as rents and charges collected from car parks and shops within or near
6308-625: The vast majority of GPs receive most of their income from the National Health Service (NHS). Principals and partners in GP surgeries are self-employed, but they have contractual arrangements with the NHS which give them considerable predictability of income. Visits to GP surgeries are free in all countries of the United Kingdom, but charges for prescriptions are applied in England (except for those over 60, under 18, and those on low incomes and welfare). Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland have abolished all charges. Recent reforms to
6391-686: The wall effect. Given the security situation and power shortages in South Asia, 'gated communities' with self-generated energy and modern amenities (24-hour armed security, schools, hospitals, a fire department, retail shopping, restaurants and entertainment centres ) such as Bahria Town and DHA have been developed in all major Pakistani cities. Bahria Town is the largest private housing society in Asia . Bahria has been featured by international magazines and news agencies such as GlobalPost , Newsweek , Los Angeles Times and Emirates 24/7 , referred to as
6474-512: The whole country. They also sought to foster a "collectivist nature" in people. People living in these housing estates can either usually own their apartments or rent them, usually through a private landlord. There's usually a mix of social classes in these housing estates. Most buildings in Czech and Slovak housing estates are so called " paneláks ", a colloquial term in Czech and Slovak for
6557-464: Was established in 1907. Nearby Arbourthorne housing estate was built in the 1930s but even so the valley retained its rural charm and continued to be farmed. Local historian J. Edward Vickers called the valley at this time, “A beautiful stretch of open countryside and woodland, extending from Heeley to Norton”. The valley continued to be farmed into the 1950s exhibiting a landscape of scattered farms, woodland and hedge lined fields. In 1955 work began on
6640-481: Was first mentioned in a document dated 1642 which stated that William Chaworth, Lord and Knight of Norton had given permission for John Cotes and John Parker to fell and turn into charcoal a certain amount of trees in Herdyng Wood. Farming took place in the valley before the 17th century and wooded areas which were suitable for agricultural land were gradually felled leaving the woodland on the steep valley sides of
6723-656: Was formerly the petty sessions court . Holy Cross Church, Gleadless Valley is a church on Spotswood Mount. The other place of worship in the suburb is the Gleadless Valley Methodist Church on Blackstock Road, near the Gaunt shops, dating from 1960 and designed by J. Mansell Jenkinson & Son, it features a separated tower made up of four brick piers with a cross on top. Housing estate A housing estate (or sometimes housing complex , housing development , subdivision or community )
6806-408: Was not abolished as 47 of the 50 states allow a physician to obtain a medical license without completion of residency. If one wanted to become a "house-call-making" type of physician, one still needs to only complete one or two years of a residency in either pediatrics, family medicine or internal medicine. This would make a physician a non-board eligible general practitioner able to qualify and obtain
6889-714: Was sited on Matthews Lane in Norton was demolished in 1994. Gleadless Valley has three small shopping centres to serve the three districts within the suburb. The Herdings district has a small area of shops on Morland Road near the tower blocks. The Hemsworth area has a group of shops midway along Blackstock Road known as the Gaunt shops while the Rollestone district has a retail area at Newfield Green. Gleadless Valley originally had six pubs within its boundary, these were The Cutlers Arms, The Bagshawe Arms, The John O’Gaunt, The Horse And Groom, The Wyvern and The Far Lees. However, in recent years The Cutlers Arms has been converted into
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