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85-598: The Global Polio Eradication Initiative is an initiative created in 1988, just after the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate the disease poliomyelitis . Led by the World Health Organization , it is the largest international public health initiative in history. In 1987 Rotary International began a campaign to raise U.S. $ 100 million by its 100th anniversary, for the purpose of dealing with global polio. The following year,
170-571: A brief thaw in the Cold War. By this time, 18 applications had been blocked, and the superpowers stated that they would no longer oppose a simultaneous vote. The veto of Mongolia by the Republic of China delayed the proceedings by one day, with the Soviet Union offering to exclude Mongolia from the list of 18 if Japan were also excluded. The United States abstained on the offering. In what
255-564: A change in the representation of China in the UN were discussed but rejected for the next two decades, as the ROC was still recognized as the sole legitimate representative of China by a majority of UN members. Both sides rejected compromise proposals to allow both states to participate in the UN, based on the One-China policy . By the 1970s, a shift had occurred in international diplomatic circles and
340-558: A draft resolution for that fall's UN General Assembly calling on the Security Council to consider the application. The following year two referendums in Taiwan on the government's attempts to regain participation at the UN did not pass due to low turnout. That fall the ROC took a new approach, with its allies submitting a resolution requesting that the "Republic of China (Taiwan)" be allowed to have "meaningful participation" in
425-567: A plebiscite on 21 February 1958, the United Arab Republic was established by a union of Egypt and Syria and continued as a single member. On 13 October 1961, Syria , having resumed its status as an independent state, resumed its separate membership in the UN. Egypt continued as a UN member under the name of the United Arab Republic, until it reverted to its original name on 2 September 1971. Syria changed its name to
510-600: Is clearly mentioning that the Government of China is the sole and legitimate Government and the position of the United Nations is that Taiwan is part of China. Responding to the UN's rejection of its application, the ROC government has stated that Taiwan is not now nor has it ever been under the jurisdiction of the PRC, and that since General Assembly Resolution 2758 did not clarify the issue of Taiwan's representation in
595-493: Is no one left for the disease to transmit to, and the disease eventually dies out. The initiative is spearheaded by the following organisations in the form of multistakeholder governance : Key tactics used by the GPEI include strengthening childhood immunisation through oral vaccines, conducting surveillance through investigation of acute flaccid paralysis cases among children under 15 years old (in order to determine areas where
680-788: Is not precisely defined. The UN officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, after ratification of the United Nations Charter by the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (the Republic of China , France , the Soviet Union , the United Kingdom , and the United States ) and a majority of the other signatories. A total of 51 original members (or founding members) joined that year; 50 of them signed
765-457: The COVID-19 pandemic . Keva Bain of The Bahamas was selected President of WHA73. Botswana , Colombia , Ghana , Guinea-Bissau , India , Madagascar , Oman , Republic of Korea , Russian Federation , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland were elected to the executive board. Harsh Vardhan of India became the chairman of the executive board. Multiple countries, led by
850-711: The Cold War led to membership conflicts almost immediately, with the United States refusing to admit countries in Eastern Europe while the Soviet Union refused to admit countries in Western Europe . Starting as early as January 1946, the United States used its "automatic majority" on the Security Council to refuse the application of Albania without a veto, while the Soviet Union vetoed
935-994: The Cook Islands and Niue ). The WHA also includes two associate members, Puerto Rico and Tokelau . In addition, seven agencies have observer status at the WHA – the Vatican , the Palestinian Authority , the Sovereign Military Order of Malta , the International Committee of the Red Cross , the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies , the South Centre organization, and
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#17327650460241020-772: The Ethiopian Empire ), Greece (then the Kingdom of Greece ), Guatemala , Haiti (then the 1859–1957 Republic ), Honduras , India (then the British Raj ), Iran (then the Imperial State of Iran ), Iraq (then the Kingdom of Iraq ), Lebanon , Liberia , Luxembourg , Mexico , the Netherlands , New Zealand (then the Dominion of New Zealand ), Nicaragua , Norway , Panama , Paraguay , Peru ,
1105-739: The Global Certification Commission was created to oversee the certification of the eradication of wild-type poliovirus transmissions. Certification for the six WHO regions requires all of the countries in that region to be certified by the commission. By 2000, both the regions of the Western Pacific and the Americas met the criteria to be certified free of polio transmissions. By 2012 the initial number of estimated cases in 1988 of 350,000 across 125 endemic countries had dropped to 650 confirmed cases. As of 2020, five of
1190-741: The Inter-Parliamentary Union . The Assembly is governed by Rules of Procedure of the World Health Assembly ; agenda items are set by the General Committee of the Assembly, a group of 25 individuals that includes the President and subcommittee chairs, and a number of delegates elected by the Assembly previous. Taiwan participated as an observer to the WHA for 8 years between 2008 and 2016, under
1275-895: The Philippines (then the Commonwealth ), Poland (then the Provisional Government of National Unity ), Saudi Arabia , South Africa (then the Union of South Africa ), Syria (then the Mandatory Republic ), Turkey , Ukraine (then the Ukrainian SSR ), Uruguay , Venezuela and Yugoslavia (then the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia ). Among the original members, 49 are either still UN members or had their memberships in
1360-530: The Security Council requires affirmative votes from at least nine of the council's fifteen members, with none of the five permanent members using their veto power . The Security Council 's recommendation must then be approved in the General Assembly by a two-thirds majority vote. In principle, only sovereign states can become UN members, and currently, all UN members are sovereign states. Although five members were not sovereign when they joined
1445-661: The Sultanate of Zanzibar was admitted to the UN on 16 December 1963. Following the ratification on 26 April 1964 of the Articles of Union between Tanganyika and the People's Republic of Zanzibar , the two states merged to form the single member "United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar", with its name changed to the United Republic of Tanzania on 1 November 1964. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) joined
1530-547: The United Nations on 17 September 1957. On 16 September 1963, its name was changed to Malaysia , following the formation of Malaysia from Singapore , North Borneo (now Sabah ), Sarawak and the existing states of the Federation of Malaya . Singapore became an independent State on 9 August 1965 and a Member of the United Nations on 21 September 1965. Tanganyika was admitted to the UN on 14 December 1961, and
1615-647: The United Nations Charter , Chapter V , Article 23, became one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council . In 1949, as a result of the Chinese Civil War , the Kuomintang -led ROC government lost effective control of mainland China and relocated to the island of Taiwan , and the Communist Party -led government of the People's Republic of China (PRC), declared on 1 October 1949, took control of mainland China. The UN
1700-716: The United Nations Security Council . In addition to the member states, the UN also invites non-member states to be observer states at the UN General Assembly. A member state that has persistently violated the principles of the United Nations Charter can be expelled from the United Nations . The criteria for admission of new members to the UN are established in Chapter II , Article 4 of the UN Charter : A recommendation for admission from
1785-669: The United States and Japan . Czechoslovakia joined the United Nations as an original member on 24 October 1945. Upon the imminent dissolution of Czechoslovakia , in a letter dated 10 December 1992, its Permanent Representative informed the United Nations Secretary-General that the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic would cease to exist on 31 December 1992 and that the Czech Republic and Slovakia , as successor states, would apply for membership in
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#17327650460241870-505: The World Health Assembly voted for the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. At the time, there were 125 countries with endemic polio. Efforts were built upon those used to control wild poliovirus in the Americas in the early 1980s, and on lessons from smallpox eradication . Its first coordinator was Nick Ward . The strategy for the eradication of polio rests on immunising every at-risk child until there
1955-561: The World Health Organization (WHO) is governed by its 194 member states . It is the world's highest health policy setting body and is composed of health ministers from member states. The members of the WHA generally meet every year in May in Geneva at the Palace of Nations , the location of WHO Headquarters. The main tasks of the WHA are to decide major policy questions, as well as to approve
2040-601: The Yugoslav Wars , and noted that "the claim by the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) to continue automatically the membership of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the United Nations has not been generally accepted," and on 22 September 1992, United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/47/1 was adopted, by which it considered that "the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) cannot continue automatically
2125-560: The 2012 MERS outbreak , Saudi Arabia Deputy Minister of Health Ziad Memish raised concerns that scientists who applied for a patent would not allow the MERS-Coronavirus to be used for investigations by other scientists and were, therefore, delaying the development of diagnostic tests. Ten of the 22 people who died and 22 of 44 cases reported were in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia–based microbiologist Ali Mohamed Zaki reported
2210-426: The 2022 Health Assembly was: Health for peace, peace for health. The 76th World Health Assembly took place from 21 to 30 May 2023. The theme of the 2023 Health Assembly was: WHO at 75: Saving lives, driving health for all. The 77th World Health Assembly took place from 27 May to 1 June 2024. The theme of the 2024 Health Assembly was: All for Health, Health for All. UN members The member states of
2295-625: The 66th WHA in May 2013, DGWHO Margaret Chan traced a brief history of revisions to the International Health Regulations following the SARS outbreak in 2002–3, the "first severe new disease of the 21st century." She observed that the two new diseases WHO is dealing with in 2013 are the novel coronavirus (MERS), from the same family as SARS, detected in 2012 in Saudi Arabia , and the first-ever human infections with
2380-638: The Charter at the United Nations Conference on International Organization in San Francisco on 26 June 1945, while Poland , which was not represented at the conference, signed it on 15 October 1945. The original members of the United Nations were: France (then the Provisional Government ), Russia (then the Soviet Union ), China (then Republic of China ), the United Kingdom , the United States — these first five forming
2465-700: The DGWHO and the President of WHA. The 69th World Health Assembly took place from 23 to 28 May 2016, and agreed to pursue the health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through a comprehensive set of foundational steps, prioritizing universal health coverage, working with actors outside the health sector to address the social, economic and environmental root causes of antimicrobial resistance and other human health problems, to continue expanding efforts to address poor maternal and child health and infectious diseases in developing countries, and to focus upon equity within and between countries. Delegates decided to invite
2550-424: The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, established on 28 April 1992 by the remaining Yugoslav republics of Montenegro and Serbia , claimed itself as the legal successor state of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia; however, on 30 May 1992, United Nations Security Council Resolution 757 was adopted, by which it imposed international sanctions on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia due to its role in
2635-546: The German Democratic Republic became part of the Federal Republic of Germany. In a letter to the general secretary, German Foreign Minister notified the UN about this unification and stated that the Federal Republic of Germany would subsequently assume its membership under the name Germany . Consequently, the Federal Republic of Germany continued being a member of the UN while the German Democratic Republic ceased to exist. The Federation of Malaya joined
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2720-647: The Greater China region. Consequently, the Secretary-General decided that it was not permitted for the ROC to become a party to treaties deposited with it. In 1993, the ROC began campaigning to rejoin the UN separately from the People's Republic of China. A number of options were considered, including seeking membership in the specialized agencies , applying for observer status , applying for full membership, or having resolution 2758 revoked to reclaim
2805-669: The H7N9 avian influenza virus reported in China in 2013. She attributed the positive report by the World Health Statistics (May 2013) on dramatic improvement in health in the world's poorest countries from 1993 to 2013, to the emphasis placed on poverty alleviation by the Millennium Development Goals . She announced the emergence of global action plans for noncommunicable diseases, mental health, and
2890-487: The PRC government, which has stated that Taiwan is part of China and firmly opposes the application of any Taiwan authorities to join the UN either as a member or an observer, praised that UN's decision "was made in accordance with the UN Charter and Resolution 2758 of the UN General Assembly, and showed the UN and its member states' universal adherence to the one-China principle ". A group of UN member states put forward
2975-509: The PRC had gained the upper hand in international diplomatic relations and recognition count. On 25 October 1971, the 21st time the United Nations General Assembly debated on the PRC's admission into the UN, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 was adopted, by which it recognized that "the representatives of the Government of the People's Republic of China are the only lawful representatives of China to
3060-477: The PRC had no effective sovereignty. These proposed resolutions referred to the ROC under a variety of names: "Republic of China in Taiwan" (1993–1994), "Republic of China on Taiwan" (1995–1997, 1999–2002), "Republic of China" (1998), "Republic of China (Taiwan)" (2003), and "Taiwan" (2004–2006). However, all fourteen attempts were unsuccessful as the General Assembly's General Committee declined to put
3145-408: The PRC held a veto. Early proposals recommended admitting the ROC with parallel representation over China, along with the People's Republic of China, pending eventual reunification, citing examples of other divided countries which had become separate UN member states, such as East and West Germany and North and South Korea . Later proposals emphasized that the ROC was a separate state, over which
3230-443: The Security Council — Argentina , Australia , Belgium , Bolivia , Brazil (then the Vargas Era Brazil ), Belarus (then the Byelorussian SSR ), Canada , Chile (then the 1925–73 Presidential Republic ), Colombia , Costa Rica , Cuba (then the 1902–59 Republic ), Czechoslovakia (then the Third Republic ), Denmark , the Dominican Republic , Ecuador , Egypt (then the Kingdom of Egypt ), El Salvador , Ethiopia (then
3315-459: The Security Council. Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon stated that: The position of the United Nations is that the People's Republic of China is representing the whole of China as the sole and legitimate representative Government of China. The decision until now about the wish of the people in Taiwan to join the United Nations has been decided on that basis. The resolution (General Assembly Resolution 2758) that you just mentioned
3400-412: The Syrian Arab Republic on 14 September 1961. Yemen (i.e., North Yemen ) was admitted to the UN on 30 September 1947; Democratic Yemen (i.e., South Yemen ) was admitted to the UN under the name People's Republic of South Yemen on 14 December 1967, with its name changed to the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen on 30 November 1970, and was later referred to as Democratic Yemen. On 22 May 1990,
3485-436: The UN specialized agencies . Again the issue was not put on the Assembly's agenda. In 2009, the ROC chose not to bring the issue of its participation in the UN up for debate at the General Assembly for the first time since it began the campaign in 1993. In May 2009, the Department of Health of the Republic of China was invited by the World Health Organization to attend the 62nd World Health Assembly as an observer under
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3570-399: The UN as an original member on 24 October 1945, and as set out by the United Nations Charter , Chapter V , Article 23, became one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council . Upon the imminent dissolution of the USSR , in a letter dated 24 December 1991, Boris Yeltsin , the President of the Russian Federation , informed the United Nations Secretary-General that
3655-413: The UN continued by a successor state (see table below) ; for example, the membership of the Soviet Union was continued by the Russian Federation after its dissolution (see the section Former members: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ) . The other two original members, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia (i.e., the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia), had been dissolved and their memberships in
3740-454: The UN not continued from 1992 by any one successor state (see the sections Former members: Czechoslovakia and Former members: Yugoslavia ) . At the time of UN's founding, the seat of China in the UN was held by the Republic of China , but as a result of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 in 1971, it is now held by the People's Republic of China (see the section Former members: Republic of China (Taiwan) ) . A number of
3825-412: The UN, it does not prevent Taiwan's participation in the UN as an independent sovereign nation. The ROC government also criticized Ban for asserting that Taiwan is part of China and returning the application without passing it to the Security Council or the General Assembly, contrary to UN's standard procedure (Provisional Rules of Procedure of the Security Council, Chapter X, Rule 59). On the other hand,
3910-409: The UN, they all subsequently became fully independent between 1946 and 1991. Because a state can only be admitted to membership in the UN by the approval of the Security Council and the General Assembly, a number of states that are considered sovereign according to the Montevideo Convention are not members of the UN. This is because the UN does not consider them to possess sovereignty , mainly due to
3995-412: The UN. Neither state sought sole successor state status. Both states were readmitted to the UN on 19 January 1993. Both the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) were admitted to the UN on 18 September 1973. Through the accession of the East German federal states to the Federal Republic of Germany , effective from 3 October 1990, the territory of
4080-434: The United Nations comprise 193 sovereign states . The United Nations (UN) is the world's largest intergovernmental organization . All members have equal representation in the UN General Assembly . The Charter of the United Nations defines the rules for admission of member states. Membership is open to all states which accept certain terms of the charter and are able to carry them out. New members must be recommended by
4165-423: The United Nations and in all the organizations related to it." This effectively transferred the seat of China in the UN, including its permanent seat on the Security Council, from the ROC to the PRC, and expelled the ROC from the UN. In addition to losing its seat in the UN, the UN Secretary-General concluded from the resolution that the General Assembly considered Taiwan to be a province of "China", which refers to
4250-431: The United Nations and that the People's Republic of China is one of the five permanent members of the Security Council," and decided "to restore all its rights to the People's Republic of China and to recognize the representatives of its Government as the only legitimate representatives of China to the United Nations, and to expel forthwith the representatives of Chiang Kai-shek from the place which they unlawfully occupy at
4335-418: The United States and Soviet Union stated that they were willing to admit each other's preferred applicants, but the United States demanded that Western European applicants be voted on first while the Soviet Union demanded that Eastern European applicants be voted on first. Both superpowers refused to allow multiple applicants to be voted on simultaneously. The impasse continued until the death of Stalin caused
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#17327650460244420-430: The United States, called for the reinstatement of Taiwan 's observer status in protest against Chinese pressure. On 25 May, delegates reached a consensus to hold a special session in November 2021 to consider the International Treaty on Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness and Response . The 74th World Health Assembly took place virtually from 24 May to 1 June 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2021 event focused on
4505-465: The WHA elects members from among its ranks to renew the executive board (EB). This body is governed in Chapter VI, Articles 24 through 29, of the Constitution of the WHO. The EB must have an equitable geographic distribution, and "shall be elected for three years and may be re-elected... The Board shall meet at least twice a year and shall determine the place of each meeting." This is invariably chosen (by consensus) to be Geneva. A current list of members on
4590-664: The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control's (WHO FCTC) Conference of the Parties (COP) to provide information on outcomes of this biennial event to future World Health Assembly meetings. The 70th World Health Assembly took place from 22 to 31 May 2017. For the first time since 2009, Taiwan was completely excluded from the WHA, following the election of Tsai Ing-wen and subsequent political pressure from China . The 71st World Health Assembly took place from 21 to 26 May 2018. Australia , Chile , China , Djibouti , Finland , Gabon , Germany , Indonesia , Israel , Romania , Sudan , and United States of America were elected to
4675-502: The WHO work programme and budget and elect its Director-General (every fifth year) and annually to elect ten members to renew part of its executive board. Its main functions are to determine the policies of the Organization, supervise financial policies, and review and approve the proposed programme budget. The original membership of the WHA, at the first assembly held in 1948, numbered 55 member states. The WHA has, currently, 194 member states (all UN members without Liechtenstein , plus
4760-427: The applications of Ireland and Portugal. The Soviet Union also vetoed the applications of Jordan and Ceylon , stating that it did not believe they were sufficiently independent from the United Kingdom. Starting in September 1949, the Soviet Union began to veto the applications of some neutral countries such as Nepal as well, stating that it would not admit them until its preferred applicants were also admitted. Both
4845-485: The country at the UN. The Credentials Committee again deferred the decision on 12 December 2022. The Credentials Committee again deferred the decision on 6 December 2023. Name was changed from The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia on 11 February 2019. Referred to as Moldova from 6 October 2006 to 10 September 2008. Previously referred to as Turkey until 31 May 2022. Name was changed from United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar on 2 November 1964. The start of
4930-562: The course of the Assembly. The 68th session of the WHA took place in Geneva from 18 to 26 May 2015. Jagat Prakash Nadda assumed the presidency of WHA. India assumed the presidency after a gap of 19 years. During the assembly the WHA agreed to the Global Malaria Strategy and Programme Budget for 2016–2017, polio, International Health Regulations, strengthening surgical care, WHO's reform of its emergency and response programme, antimicrobial resistance, immunization gaps, malnutrition, air pollution, and epilepsy. Annual health awards were given by
5015-714: The endorsement of the WHO Family of International Classifications , a series of internationally standardized medical classifications, including the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The focus of the 61st WHA was public health. Participants from 190 countries attended, with a record 2704 delegates. Important briefings and resolutions involved intellectual property barriers in research and development; combatting non-communicable diseases and female genital mutilation ; campaigns to support breastfeeding and to decrease abuse of alcohol and tobacco ; immunization practices, including adoption of
5100-407: The environment from effects of exposure to mercury and mercury compounds; and improving access to essential medicines worldwide. Also endorsed was a global monitoring framework for maternal, infant and child nutrition . Following the 67th WHA, DGWHO Chan was criticized by the Association of Correspondents Accredited to the United Nations (ACANU) for not having spoken directly to the media during
5185-402: The executive board can be derived through consultation of the WHA #Annual Assemblies summaries which are posted below. The main international policy frameworks adopted through WHA resolutions include: In addition, the WHA has endorsed through resolutions a number of WHO action plans dealing with different areas to improve health around the world, such as: The WHA is also responsible for
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#17327650460245270-460: The executive board. The 72nd World Health Assembly took place from 20 to 28 May 2019. Argentina , Austria , Bangladesh , Burkina Faso , Grenada , Guyana , Kenya , Singapore , Tajikistan , Tonga , Tunisia , United Arab Emirates were elected to the executive board. The President of WHA72 was Dr Bounkong Syhavong of the Lao People's Democratic Republic . The 73rd World Health Assembly took place virtually from 18 to 19 May 2020, due to
5355-441: The first known case, a 60-year-old Saudi man who got sick in June 2012 on ProMed-mail, a public health on-line forum then published more details including the virus's genetic makeup and closest relatives. The Erasmus Medical Center "tested, sequenced and identified" a sample provided by Ali Mohamed Zaki. Erasmus MC and Dr. Zaki strongly refuted all allegations concerning a presumed lack of willingness to cooperate in research into
5440-609: The funding came from the Gates Foundation 30% from developed governments, 27% from countries at risk of polio, and the rest was made up of donations from nonprofits, private funders, and other foundations. The EIB funded €500 million to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative in 2023. This is part of a new initiative along with the European Commission , the European Investment Bank and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , meant to cover polio immunisations for around 370 million children yearly, provide measles vaccines, and build health systems to adapt to other health risks. In 1995
5525-485: The issue on the Assembly's agenda for debate, under strong opposition from the PRC. While all these proposals were vague, requesting the ROC be allowed to participate in UN activities without specifying any legal mechanism, in 2007 the ROC submitted a formal application under the name "Taiwan" for full membership in the UN. However, the application was rejected by the United Nations Office of Legal Affairs citing General Assembly Resolution 2758, without being forwarded to
5610-443: The lack of international recognition or due to opposition from one of the permanent members. In addition to the member states, the UN also invites non-member states to become observer states at the UN General Assembly , allowing them to participate and speak in General Assembly meetings, but not vote. Observers are generally intergovernmental organizations and international organizations and entities whose statehood or sovereignty
5695-401: The member state "Yugoslavia", referring to the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, remained on the official roster of UN members for many years after its effective dissolution, including the presence of the SFRY flag at UN headquarters. Following the admission of all five states as new UN members, "Yugoslavia" was removed from the official roster of UN members. The government of
5780-414: The membership of the USSR in the Security Council and all other UN organs was being continued by the Russian Federation with the support of the 11 member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States . The other fourteen independent states established from the former Soviet Republics were all admitted to the UN: Both Egypt and Syria joined the UN as original members on 24 October 1945. Following
5865-411: The membership of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the United Nations," and therefore decided that "the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) should apply for membership in the United Nations and that it shall not participate in the work of the General Assembly ". For many years the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia refused to comply with the resolution, arguing that it
5950-399: The name " Chinese Taipei ". The WHA allows non-state entities to join as observers, whereas the WHO requires statehood to be its member. However, since the 71st WHA in 2017, pressure from the Chinese government has prevented Taiwan from participating in the WHA again. The United States, Australia, Germany, and Japan are among countries that support the re-inclusion of Taiwan. Each year,
6035-439: The name " Chinese Taipei ". This was the ROC's first participation in an event organized by a UN-affiliated agency since 1971, as a result of the improved cross-strait relations since Ma Ying-jeou became the President of the Republic of China a year before. The Republic of China is officially recognized by 11 UN member states and the Holy See . It maintains unofficial relations with around 60 nations, including
6120-562: The new MERS coronavirus, making diagnostic tests and virus specimens freely available to all research institutions around the globe. The 67th WHA took place in Geneva from 19 to 24 May 2014. Among the more than 20 resolutions adopted by the Assembly included ones concerning strengthening of national drug management systems to address antimicrobial resistance ; implementation of the Minamata Convention to protect human health and
6205-492: The numbers of women dying in pregnancy and childbirth were still the same 14 years later. Among other actions, the 65th Assembly endorsed the Rio Political Declaration to address the social determinants of health , intended to spearhead support for all countries to adopt inclusive Health For All approaches to health promotion. It also endorsed the first World Immunization Week . In her address to
6290-426: The original members were not sovereign when they joined the UN, and only gained full independence later: Name was changed from Czech Republic on 17 May 2016. Its nameplate continued to display Czech Republic until sometime in 2022. East Germany and West Germany were admitted separately on the same date; they unified in 1991. Withdrew from the UN on 20 January 1965. It rejoined on 28 September 1966. Spelling
6375-417: The prevention of avoidable blindness and visual impairment calling for a life course approach which includes "equity through universal health coverage," preventive strategies and "integrated service delivery." Chan declared at the assembly that intellectual property , or patents on strains of new virus, should not impede nations from protecting their citizens by limiting scientific investigations. Following
6460-519: The seat of China in the UN. Every year from 1993 to 2006, UN member states submitted a memorandum to the UN Secretary-General requesting that the UN General Assembly consider allowing the ROC to resume participating in the United Nations. This approach was chosen, rather than a formal application for membership, because it could be enacted by the General Assembly, while a membership application would need Security Council approval, where
6545-399: The six WHO regions are now certified polio-eradicated (Europe, the Americas, Africa, South-East Asian, and Western Pacific Region). India was certified polio-free in 2014, and Africa was declared polio free in 2020. The only countries with endemic polio were Afghanistan and Pakistan as of 2021. World Health Assembly The World Health Assembly ( WHA ) is the forum through which
6630-627: The term " pharma fraud "; and health issues facing migrants . In her role as global patron of The White Ribbon Alliance for Safe Motherhood , and chair of the Maternal Mortality Campaign, Sarah Brown gave the keynote speech at the World Health Organization 's 62nd WHA, alongside United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon , asking "Where is the M in MCH?' [maternal and child health]" in an echo of Allan Rosenfield 's landmark Lancet article of 1985 – and highlighting that
6715-448: The theme, "Ending this pandemic, preventing the next: building together a healthier, safer and fairer world". The WHA gathered for a special session (only the second in the history of the WHO) on 29 November 2021, to draft and negotiate an International Treaty on Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness and Response . The 75th World Health Assembly took place from 22 to 28 May 2022. The theme of
6800-536: The two states merged to form the Republic of Yemen, which continued as a single member under the name Yemen . The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia , referred to as Yugoslavia, joined the UN as an original member on 24 October 1945. By 1992, it had been effectively dissolved into five independent states, which were all subsequently admitted to the UN: Due to the dispute over its legal successor states ,
6885-417: The virus is truly eradicated), and conducting "mop up" campaigns in areas where cases of polio have been identified. At the peak of its work, the programme directly employed 4000 people across 75 countries and managed a budget of nearly U.S. $ 1 billion. As of 2021, the GPEI had raised 18 billion dollars in funding, with annual contributions around 800 million to 1 billion dollars. Around 30% of
6970-545: Was changed from Kazakstan on 20 June 1997. On 12 December 2022, the Credentials Committee deferred a decision on allowing the Government of National Stability to represent Libya at the U.N., allowing the Government of National Unity to retain the seat. On 1 December 2021, the Credentials Committee of the General Assembly voted to defer a decision to allow Myanmar's ruling military junta to represent
7055-521: Was notified on 18 November 1949 of the formation of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China ; however, the Government of the Republic of China continued to represent China at the UN, despite the small size of the ROC's jurisdiction of Taiwan and a number of smaller islands compared to the PRC's jurisdiction of mainland China. As both governments claimed to be the sole legitimate representative of China, proposals to effect
7140-508: Was the legitimate successor to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and that the resolution and the sanctions were illegal and counted as a de facto expulsion of Yugoslavia from the UN (though the UN itself declared that the resolution was legal and de jure not an expulsion of Yugoslavia since they were not the legal successors of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and so the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
7225-437: Was widely described as a "package deal", the remaining 16 countries (Albania, Jordan, Ireland, Portugal, Italy, Austria, Finland, Ceylon, Nepal, Libya, Cambodia, Laos, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Spain) were simultaneously admitted to the United Nations on 14 December 1955 ( United Nations Security Council Resolution 109 ). The Republic of China (ROC) joined the UN as an original member on 24 October 1945, and as set out by
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