22-1020: (Redirected from Great Choral Synagogue ) Choral Synagogue may refer to: Belarus [ edit ] Choral Synagogue (Brest) Latvia [ edit ] Great Choral Synagogue (Riga) Lithuania [ edit ] Kaunas Synagogue (Kaunas) Choral Synagogue (Vilnius) Romania [ edit ] Choral Temple (Bucharest) Russia [ edit ] Moscow Choral Synagogue (Moscow) Main Choral Synagogue (Rostov-on-Don) Choral Synagogue (Smolensk) Grand Choral Synagogue (St. Petersburg) Ukraine [ edit ] Choral Synagogue (Bila Tserkva) Golden Rose Synagogue (Dnipro) Choral Synagogue (Drohobych) Kharkiv Choral Synagogue (Kharkiv) Brodsky Choral Synagogue (Kyiv) Great Choral Synagogue (Kyiv) See also [ edit ] List of choral synagogues [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
44-413: A century, having been built in 1759. However, in 1847, its building was either destroyed or had burned down, and funds were collected to erect a new building. The building took years to complete due to a lack of funding; despite the construction's commencement being in 1851, the structure was only completed in 1861/1862. In 1859, a fire ravaged the synagogue but it was restored. In 1941, with the creation of
66-536: A communal hospital and an old age home. However he was exiled by the authorities in1874 and succeeded by Rabbi Yehoshua Leib Diskin . Immensely popular, his yeshiva attracted prodigious Torah scholars . Rabbi Diskin was also a fierce opponent of the secular Haskalah (Jewish enlightenment) movement, and when a club of Haskalists (Hebrew: maskilim ) arose in Brest under the tutelage of a man named Alexandrov, he worked to disband it. In revenge, Alexandrov libeled him to
88-416: A single night. The Order Police battalions passing through Brześć and Białystok carried out significantly larger shooting actions. "The first massacre of Brest Jews – wrote Christopher Browning – was perpetrated not by the notorious Einsatzgruppen but rather by Police Battalion 307 with Wehrmacht support, in mid-July, on the orders of Himmler's chief of Order Police, Kurt Daluege .". In August 1941
110-626: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Choral Synagogue (Brest) The Choral Synagogue or the Great Synagogue is a former Orthodox Jewish synagogue tin Brest (known in Yiddish : Brisk ), Belarus . Completed in c. 1862 , it was used as a synagogue until World War II, and served as the main synagogue in Brest. An old synagogue had stood in Brest for nearly
132-518: The Brest Ghetto during World War II, the synagogue sat on the ghetto border, next to its entrance, and was used by the Nazis as a warehouse. Although the building was damaged in 1942 during the ghetto's liquidation, it remained standing until 1959. At that time, it was confiscated by the communist government and transformed into a theatre, known today as Cinema Belarus. A plaque outside memorializes
154-585: The partitions of Poland , and all commercial activity was largely neglected. Brest-Litovsk was renamed as Brześć nad Bugiem (Brest on the Bug) in the Second Polish Republic on March 20, 1923. Just before the outbreak of World War II, there was an anti-Jewish riot at the bazaar in Brześć on May 15, 1939. Some Jewish sources categorize it as Polish although ethnic Belarusians constituted 17.8% of
176-841: The German troops had invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. Less than a year after the creation of the ghetto, around October 15–18, 1942, most of approximately 20,000 Jewish inhabitants of Brest (Brześć) were murdered; over 5,000 were executed locally at the Brest Fortress on the orders of Karl Eberhard Schöngarth ; the rest in the secluded forest of the Bronna Góra extermination site (the Bronna Mount, Belarusian : Бронная гара ), sent there aboard Holocaust trains under
198-531: The Germans extracted a payment of some 26 million rubles worth of cash and valuables from the Jews of Brześć. On 15 October 1942, Jews were rounded up for "relocation", and murdered over execution pits north-east of the city at the Bronna Mount ( Bronna Góra ) forest. A few hundred Jews: infirm, Jewish police, hospital personnel, children at the children's home, and elderly at the home for the retired were killed in
220-574: The Germans placed Brest under the administration of the Reichskommissariat Ukraine and established a Nazi ghetto in the city for some 18,000 Polish Jews , who still resided there after months of deportations and ad hoc mass executions. On July 10–12, 1941 the German Einsatzgruppe under SS-Obergruppenführer Karl Eberhard Schöngarth massacred 5,000 Jews including 13-year-old boys and 70-year-old men in
242-503: The Holy Cross Parish in Brześć, was also executed by the Germans in June 1943 for aiding Jews. The former ghetto has been the site of construction for Brest. In February 2019, a mass grave was discovered, with 600 bodies recovered, though it has been estimated that over 1,000 could be in this particular grave. Shoes, clothes, and personal items were recovered since January. By March 2019, over 1,214 bodies were recovered from
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#1732790964058264-629: The community until World War II. The latter was the founder of the famed Brisk Yeshiva in Jerusalem. Brest Ghetto The Brześć Ghetto or the Ghetto in Brest on the Bug , also: Brześć nad Bugiem Ghetto, and Brest-Litovsk Ghetto ( Polish : getto w Brześciu nad Bugiem , Yiddish : בריסק or בריסק-ד׳ליטע ) was a Nazi ghetto created in occupied Western Belarus in December 1941, six months after
286-548: The ghetto itself. In the course of 2 days, some 16,000 were killed. Resistance organizations formed by Jews in the camp, "Liberation" and "Revenge", planned on attacking the Germans during the liquidation to create a diversion allowing Jews to escape. These plans were foiled by the Germans who were informed of these plans. Some Jews managed to avoid the liquidation by going into hiding. The local police, consisting of Poles as well as Belarusians and Ukrainians, conducted regular searches for hiding Jews. Captured Jews were either shot by
308-470: The guise of 'resettlement'. Before World War II, Brześć nad Bugiem (known as Brześć Litewski before the partitions , now Brest, Belarus ) was the capital of Polesie Voivodeship in the Second Polish Republic (1918–39) with the most visible Jewish presence. In the twenty years of Poland's sovereignty, of the total of 36 brand new schools established in the city, there were ten public, and five private Jewish schools inaugurated, with Yiddish and Hebrew as
330-471: The language of instruction. The first ever Jewish school in Brześć history opened in 1920, almost immediately after Poland's return to independence. In 1936 Jews constituted 41.3% of the Brześć population, or 21,518 citizens. Some 80.3% of private enterprises were owned by Jews. Before World War I , Brześć (then known as Brest-Litovsk) was controlled by the Russian Empire for a hundred years following
352-563: The police on false claims of theft, leading to him being arrested. While he soon managed to get out of prison, he emigrated to the British Mandate . His post in Brest was filled by his student, Rabbi Yosef Dov Soloveitchik (the Beis HaLevi ). The rabbinate would remain in his family for the next two generations, passing on to his son, Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik , and then to his grandson Rabbi Yitzchak Zev Soloveitchik , who led
374-425: The police, or sent to prison. Some 300 to 400 Jews captured and held in the prison were subsequently transported by train to Baranowicze. Members of the communist underground acquired identification cards, at the end of 1941, for several individuals preventing their expulsion. Several families were hidden by the family of the head of the local communist underground P. Zhulikov (who perished himself in 1943). Following
396-605: The population, and preached militant nationalism among its youth similar to local Ukrainians and Russians, under systematic indoctrination by Soviet emissaries. In September 1939 during the German and Soviet invasion of Poland , the town of Brześć (Brest) was overrun by the German troops and handed over to the Russians during the German–Soviet military parade in Brest-Litovsk on September 22, 1939. The whole province
418-586: The recapture of the city by the Red Army in July 1944, only some 20 Jews are known to have survived in Brześć. Recognized rescuers from the Brześć area include P. Grigoriewicz, Maria i Ignacy Kurianowiczowie, W. Niesterenko, A. Łabasiuk, A. Stelmaszuk. P. Makaren (for saving a young boy named M. Engelman and sisters Maria and Szulamit Kacaf) and Sofia and Piotr Gołowczenko (for saving Izrael, Nechemii and Lii Mankierów). A Polish priest, Father Jan Urbanowicz, Dean of
440-461: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about synagogues with the same or similar names. If an internal link referred you to this page, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended airport article, if one exists. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Choral_Synagogue&oldid=1243600355 " Category : Synagogue disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
462-452: The synagogue. In addition, Hebrew inscriptions are still visible in the basement. Brest was home to a flourishing Orthodox Jewish community. At the time of the original synagogue's destruction, the city's rabbi was Rabbi Yaakov Meir Padua. In fact, he personally drew up the blueprints for the new synagogue. However, he died in 1855 before the building's completion. He was succeeded by Rabbi Tzvi Hirsch Orenstein, an influential rabbi who opened
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#1732790964058484-557: Was soon annexed by the Soviet Union following mock elections by the NKVD secret police, conducted among the locals in the atmosphere of fear and terror. The mass deportations of Poles and Jews to Siberia followed. The German armed forces launched Operation Barbarossa against the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, and Brześć was captured the same day. On 24 June 1941, a 15-man Sicherheitspolizei detachment, commanded by SS-Untersturmführer Schmidt, arrived in Brześć. On December 16, 1941,
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