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33-465: The Great Southern Trail , comprising the Limerick Greenway and North Kerry Greenway , is a greenway rail trail under development in County Limerick and County Kerry in Ireland . As of October 2022, 40 kilometres (25 miles) of the Limerick Greenway and 10.5 kilometres (6.5 miles) of the North Kerry Greenway were completed. When fully completed, the route is intended to be 85 kilometres (53 miles) long and run from Limerick to Tralee . It

66-561: A greenway as: A linear open space established along either a natural corridor, such as a riverfront, stream valley or ridgeline, or overland along a railroad right-of-way converted to recreational use, a canal , scenic road or other route. It is a natural or landscaped course for pedestrian or bicycle passage; an open-space connector linking parks, nature reserves, cultural features, or historic sites with each other and with populated areas; locally certain strip or linear parks designated as parkway or greenbelt . The term greenway comes from

99-426: A greenway that provides a public right-of-way along the edge of the sea , open to both walkers and cyclists. Foreshoreways resemble promenades and boardwalks . Foreshoreways are usually concerned with the idea of sustainable transport . A foreshoreway is accessible to both pedestrians and cyclists and gives them the opportunity to move unimpeded along the seashore. Dead end paths that offer public access only to

132-694: A linear park along the coast is known as a foreshoreway . [REDACTED] Media related to Greenways at Wikimedia Commons Southern England Southern England , also known as the South of England or the South , is a sub-national part of England with cultural, economic and political differences from both the Midlands and the North . The Midlands form a dialect chain in a notable north–south divide of England. The sub-national area's official population

165-729: A number of world-renowned universities, such as the ancient universities of Oxford and Cambridge , and many Russell Group universities, such as Imperial College London , University of Exeter and the London School of Economics . The South Coast Derby is used to describe football matches played mainly between Portsmouth Football Club and Southampton Football Club . However, in Portsmouth's absence from top flight football, AFC Bournemouth and Brighton and Hove Albion – based about 30 miles (48 km) and 60 miles (97 km) from Southampton respectively – gained promotion to

198-560: A population of 14.2 million (2019), making it the largest metropolitan area in Europe. English is the native language of the English people and the main language spoken in the South. The South of England has a dialect and accent distinct from that of other parts of the UK. Due to the prominence of the South in media and politics, Standard British English is largely based on the English spoken in

231-577: A similar way to the neighbouring English Midlands , in this case sharing culture with London and the outer areas yet identifying as separate from each. The geographic split is north-east ( fenlands ), south ( downlands and a coastal plain ) and west (following the River Thames to the Bristol channel and a peninsula ). The north-east fenlands for example have been affected by the London's expansion;

264-746: A single entity, but the Office for National Statistics divides UK into twelve regions . In England, the North West, North East and Yorkshire and the Humber make up the North ("centre-north"); the West Midlands and East Midlands (as well as Wales) make up the Midlands ("centre-south") and the rest of England make up the South. Culturally speaking, the majority of people think that the South consists of

297-564: A south in the same way that there's a north". One major manifestation of the North–South divide is in health and life expectancy statistics. All three Northern England statistical regions have lower than average life expectancies and higher than average rates of cancer , circulatory disease and respiratory disease . The South of England has a higher life expectancy than the North, however, regional differences do seem to be slowly narrowing: between 1991–1993 and 2012–2014, life expectancy in

330-612: A special jury prize by the European Greenways Association at the 2011 European Greenways Awards in recognition of their efforts to develop the greenway. Limerick City and County Council assumed responsibility for the management and maintenance of the Great Southern Trail in November 2015. Development of the trail ran into several difficulties, including questions of public land ownership, and

363-870: Is an off-road trail intended for use by cyclists and walkers along the route of the Limerick-Tralee line , formerly operated by the Great Southern and Western Railway , which opened between 1867 and 1880 and was closed in 1977. A 40 km (25 mi) section of the trail within County Limerick , known as the Limerick Greenway, was completed in June 2021, funded by Fáilte Ireland and the Departments of Transport and Rural and Community Development . The 115 metre-long Barnagh tunnel

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396-518: Is nearly 28 million and an area of 62,042 square kilometres (23,955 sq mi): roughly 40% of United Kingdom's population and approximately a quarter of its area. Influential, geographic and political divisions have created multiple internal identities to the sub-national area of England. The influential division is defined by closeness to the capital; Greater London itself, the Home Counties and outer areas. The Home Counties identify in

429-531: Is often referred to as the wet-sand area (see Right of way (transit)#Foreshore for a fuller discussion). A linear park is a park in an urban or suburban setting that is substantially longer than it is wide. Some are rail trails ("rails to trails"), that are disused railroad beds converted to recreational use, while others use strips of public land next to canals , streams , extended defensive walls , electrical lines , highways and shorelines . They are also often described as greenways. In Australia,

462-413: Is vegetated but inappropriate for public use, such as agricultural land. Where the historic rural road network has been enlarged and redesigned to favor high-speed automobile travel, greenways provide an alternative for people who are elderly, young, less mobile or seeking a reflective pace. Tom Turner analyzed greenways in London looking for common patterns among successful examples. He was inspired by

495-689: The Gold Coast Seaway . The network includes 36 kilometres (22 mi) of poor, medium and high quality pathways. Others include: The Chicago Lakefront Trail , the Dubai Marina , the East River Greenway , New Plymouth Coastal Walkway , and the Manhattan Waterfront Greenway . Public rights of way frequently exist on the foreshore of beaches throughout the world. In legal discussions the foreshore

528-774: The Netherlands . The South is generally more low-lying than the North. There are a number of hill ranges, such as the Cotswolds and the Chilterns . The highest point in the South is High Willhays 2,037 ft (621 m), located in Devon within Dartmoor National Park . London is the largest city in the South of England and is the capital of the United Kingdom. The London Metropolitan Area has

561-454: The green in green belt and the way in parkway , implying a recreational or pedestrian use rather than a typical street corridor, as well as an emphasis on introducing or maintaining vegetation, in a location where such vegetation is otherwise lacking. Some greenways include community gardens as well as typical park-style landscaping of trees and shrubs. They also tend to have a mostly contiguous pathway. Greenways resemble linear parks , but

594-399: The pattern language technique of architect Christopher Alexander . A pattern language is an organized and coherent set of "patterns", each of which describes a problem and the core of a solution that can be used in many ways within a specific field of expertise. Turner concluded there are seven types, or 'patterns', of greenway which he named: In Australia, a foreshoreway (or oceanway) is

627-481: The 10 months following its May 2021 reopening, the Limerick Greenway received 500,000 visitors. The North Kerry Greenway is due to form the western section of the Great Southern trail. As of May 2022, sections of the greenway were expected to be opened in phases during 2022. A 10.5 km stretch of the route, between Listowel and the border between counties Kerry and Limerick, was opened by October 2022. At

660-517: The North East increased by 6.0 years and in the North West by 5.8 years, the fastest increase in any region outside London, and the gap between life expectancy in the North East and South East is now 2.5 years, down from 2.9 in 1993. Furthermore, all such figures represent an average – affluent northern towns such as Harrogate have higher life expectancies than less affluent areas of the South such as Southampton or Plymouth. The South of England has

693-620: The Premier League, with some media outlets marketing fixtures against them as a South Coast derby; Other major derbies in Southern England are West Country derbies and London derbies . Rugby union is the dominant code played in the south with a minor rugby league presence. One of the biggest derbies is the West Country derby ( Bath v Gloucester ). Southern England consists of four regions and 22 counties:

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726-639: The Ridgeway . Greenways are vegetated, linear, and multi-purpose. They incorporate a footpath and/or bikeway within a linear park . In urban design , they are a component of planning for bicycle commuting and walkability . The British organisation Sustrans , which is involved in creating cycleways and greenways, states that a traffic-free route "must be designed on the assumption that everyone will use it", and measures taken "to assist visually and mobility impaired users". The American author Charles Little in his 1990 book, Greenways for America, defines

759-605: The South East (92%), Greater London (88%), South West (87%), and to lesser extent the East of England (57%). However, 35% of people surveyed placed the East of England as part of the Midlands. Generally people in the North tend to put the East of England in the South more than people in the South or Midlands. The South has land borders with Wales and the English Midlands and a sea border with France , Belgium and

792-569: The South. For example, the standard British accent, Received Pronunciation , is very similar to the educated speech of London, Oxford and Cambridge. Cornish is a revived language spoken in Cornwall and is an important part of the identity and culture of the Cornish people . People often apply the terms "southern" and "south" loosely, without deeper consideration of the geographical identities of Southern England. This can cause confusion over

825-501: The depth of affiliation between its areas. As in much of the rest of England, people tend to have a deeper affiliation to their county or city. Thus, residents of Essex are unlikely to feel much affinity with people in Oxfordshire . Similarly, there is a strong distinction between natives of the south-west and south-east. The broadcaster Stuart Maconie has noted that culturally "there's a bottom half of England [...] but there isn't

858-507: The expectations of some other local landowners and householders. In early 2013, a group of walkers commemorating the 50th anniversary of the last passenger train between Limerick and Tralee, were blocked at the Kerry border by a group of local landowners opposing the continued development of the trail into County Kerry. It was subsequently established that CIÉ (the Irish transport authority) owned

891-1082: The latter are only found in urban and suburban environments. The European Greenways Association defines it as Communication routes reserved exclusively for non-motorized journeys, developed in an integrated manner which enhances both the environment and quality of life of the surrounding area. These routes should meet satisfactory standards of width, gradient and surface condition to ensure that they are both user-friendly and low-risk for users of all abilities. Though wildlife corridors are also greenways, because they have conservation as their primary purpose, they are not necessarily managed as parks for recreational use, and may not include facilities such as public trails. Charles Little in his 1990 book, Greenways for America", describes five general types of greenways: Greenways are found in rural areas as well as urban. Corridors redeveloped as greenways often travel through both city and country, connecting them together. Even in rural areas, greenways provide residents access to open land managed as parks, as contrasted with land that

924-593: The line and that the landowners had no claim to the trail. From 2016, CIÉ transferred ownership of the line to Kerry County Council for further development of the trail towards Listowel , pending future funding becoming available. By 2019, Limerick council had completed the incorporation of the Barnagh Tunnel into the route, including the construction of an underpass under the N21 Limerick to Tralee road. As of 2021, approximately 40 kilometres (25 miles) of

957-652: The ocean are not part of a foreshoreway. A foreshoreway corridor often includes a number of traffic routes that provide access along an oceanfront, including: A major example is The Gold Coast Oceanway along beaches in Gold Coast, Queensland , a shared use pedestrian and cyclist pathway on the Gold Coast, connecting the Point Danger lighthouse on the New South Wales and Queensland border to

990-537: The route between Rathkeale and Abbeyfeale had been developed. This section of the trail passes through Ardagh , Newcastle West and Barnagh. By October 2022, 40 kilometres (25 miles) of the Limerick Greenway and 10.5 kilometres (6.5 miles) of the North Kerry Greenway had been completed. Greenway (landscape) In Southern England , the term also refers to ancient trackways or green lanes , especially those found on chalk downlands , like

1023-658: The time of its opening, "temporary" carparking was opened at the Listowel trailhead. When completed, the southern end of the North Kerry Greenway is due to link to the Tralee-Fenit Greenway close to Tralee , forming a network known as the "Kingdom of Kerry Greenways". Set up in 1991, the Great Southern Trail Ltd voluntary group was involved in developing the trail for 20 years, at an estimated cost of €1 million (as of 2011). They were awarded

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1056-726: The traditional Cockney dialect 's population of London's East End has moved out to the north and east Home Counties with a knock on effect to East Anglia 's population. The political divide is the International Territorial Level ; the regional level defines the south as London , the South East , the South West and the East For official purposes, the UK government does not refer to Southern England as

1089-574: Was renovated for the greenway and is now accessible via a dedicated underpass. Car parking, children's playground, 'crazy golf', bathrooms, bike hire, and a small restaurant are all available in the Barnagh Greenway Hub. The cast-iron Ferguson's Viaduct also comprises a section of the greenway. The greenway stretches from Rathkeale to Abbeyfeale . It forms part of the EuroVelo Atlantic Coast Route (EV 1). In

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