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54-698: Grimsby Minster is a minster and parish church located in Grimsby , North East Lincolnshire , England. Dedicated to St James , the church belongs to the Church of England and is within the Diocese of Lincoln . In 1114, an existing religious building was transferred to Robert Bloet , the Bishop of Lincoln . The following years he supervised many renovations and developments to the building, resulting in St James,

108-464: A "church" and a "mynster" began to emerge. For instance, in the Leechdoms , the sixteenth day was propitious for establishing a mynster , and the sixth day of the moon for founding a church. This suggests that by the tenth and eleventh centuries, mynster was being used to refer to a "superior church" which was regarded as long-established and to which people paid their dues. An early appearance

162-402: A certain object, and then summoned only when their masters had need of them. Some even had the ability to grant their owner's wishes, much like a genie . This was the object of the 1891 story The Bottle Imp by Robert Louis Stevenson , which told of an imp contained in a bottle that would grant the owner their every wish, but their soul would be sent to Hell if they didn't sell the bottle to

216-401: A church containing a nave with six bays. The central tower was added in 1365. In 1586 St James became the parish church of Grimsby, after John Whitgift united the parishes of St James and St Mary's. The parish church of the latter had been located on Victoria Street. In 1856 Canon Ainslie began a complete restoration of St James, which included lengthening the chancel and the rebuilding of

270-481: A culture that had not developed towns or cities. Kings, nobles and bishops were continually on the move, with their respective retinues, from estate to estate. Minsters were commonly founded by the king or by a royal thegn , receiving a royal charter and a corporate endowment of bookland and other customary agricultural rights and entitlements within a broad territory; as well as exemption from certain forms of customary service (especially military). The superior of

324-468: A family owning land on the north bank of the Humber , Sir Thomas also held land at Aylseby. Sir Thomas was celebrated locally for his generous patronage, rebuilding St Leonard's Nunnery which had been destroyed by fire. The Nunnery was located at the junction of Bargate and Weelsby Road which is today still known as Nun's Corner. The stained-glass windows are renowned within the Diocese of Lincoln . Those in

378-480: A formal rule: as for example a monastery or a chapter ; or to a church served by a less formal group of clergy living communally. In the earliest days of the English Church, from the 6th to the 8th centuries, minsters, in their various forms, constituted the only form of Christian institution with a permanent site. At the beginning of the period, they were the only form of permanent collective settlement in

432-404: A gift from Alhfrith to Wilfrid in around 660 to accompany the foundation of the minster at Ripon . An expansion of monasteries began around 670, with many substantial royal gifts of land. Kings made grants of land to named individuals to found a minster. In 734 Bede wrote a letter to Ecgbert (Archbishop of York) , warning that noble families were abusing the privileged legal status accorded to

486-488: A minster on 13 May 2017. The most recent elevation to minster status is St Mary Magdalene, Taunton, which became Taunton Minster on 13 March 2022. Some churches have the title Münster , and some churches are officially one but do not carry it in their name. Examples include: Imp Imps are often described as troublesome and mischievous more than seriously threatening or dangerous, and as lesser beings rather than more important supernatural beings. The attendants of

540-406: A title of dignity in later medieval England , for instances where a cathedral , monastery , collegiate church or parish church had originated with an Anglo-Saxon foundation. Eventually a minster came to refer more generally to "any large or important church, especially a collegiate or cathedral church". In the 21st century, the Church of England has designated additional minsters by bestowing

594-508: A venture organised by the Lincoln Business Improvement Group. Grimsby Minster website makes no mention of the imp. The Lady Chapel stands on the site of a medieval chapel demolished around 1720. The Chapel opened in 1905 as a memorial to the late Canon James Peter Young, a 19th-century Vicar of Grimsby and founder of schools. The Hagioscope , or Squint window is a medieval relic offering a coveted viewpoint to

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648-552: A vicar at Grimsby Minster "has a more logical and historical explanation for the figure suggesting one of the craftsmen who built the Minster carved the figure of a man bending over supporting the church." In September 2021 North East Lincolnshire Council announced that Grimsby Minster was to be part of the "Lincoln Imp Trail", involving 32 painted sculptures inspired by the Lincoln Imp placed at various sites around Lincolnshire in

702-635: Is by J. W. Walker & Sons Ltd and dates from 1951, built to replace an earlier instrument destroyed by enemy action during the Second World War. Parts of the pre-war instrument were incorporated within the new organ, notably soundboards and some pedal pipes. A specification and pictures of the organ can be seen on the National Pipe Organ Register . The Walker organ was rebuilt by J. W. Walker in 1976, with significant tonal modifications being made at this time. Given

756-399: Is described as being wild and uncontrollable, much the same as fairies', and in some cultures they are considered the same beings, both sharing the same sense of free spirit and enjoyment of all things fun. It was later in history that people began to associate fairies as being good and imps as being malicious and evil. However, both creatures were fond of pranks and misleading people. Most of

810-414: Is first found in royal foundation charters of the 7th century, when it designated any settlement of clergy living a communal life and endowed by charter with the obligation of maintaining the daily office of prayer . Widespread in 10th-century England , minsters declined in importance with the systematic introduction of parishes and parish churches from the 11th century onwards. The term continued as

864-407: Is inscribed on gunmetal thanks to the generosity of local philanthropist Sir Alec Black. Also of note is the memorial to the " Grimsby Chums ", a Lincolnshire Regiment enrolled in response to Kitchener's 1914 recruitment call to "join now with your pals". Of the 304 such ' Pals Battalions ', only that from Grimsby chose to be known as the "Chums". The church has two pipe organs. The West End Organ

918-582: Is used mainly for Protestant churches. The German term can be used for some Roman Catholic churches, such as the Strasbourg Cathedral . The word minster ( Old English mynster ) was a rendering of the Latin monasterium , from Greek "μοναστήριον" ("monasterion"). In early English sources, monasterium and mynster were used interchangeably. They were applied to all communities who had devoted their lives to Christian observance, regardless of

972-408: The devil are sometimes described as imps. They are usually described as lively and having small stature. The Old English noun impa meant a young shoot or scion of a plant or tree, and later came to mean the scion of a noble house , or a child in general. Starting in the 16th century, it was often used in expressions like "imps of serpents", "imp of hell", "imp of the devil", and so on; and by

1026-481: The gods . A legend in Lincolnshire dating to the 14th-century recounts that the devil, being annoyed with the completion of the cathedral, paid a visit, accompanied by two imps who proceeded to wreak havoc in the building. An angel appeared and ordered them to stop. One turned to throw a rock at the angel and was instantly petrified. For the tiniest angel, with amethyst eyes, And hair spun like gold, 'fore

1080-678: The 17th century, it came to mean a small demon, a familiar of a witch . The Old English noun and associated verb impian appear to come from an unattested Late Latin term * emputa ( impotus is attested in the Salic law ), the neuter plural of ‹See Tfd› Greek : ἔμϕυτος 'natural, implanted, grafted'. Unlike the Christian folklore , demons in Germanic legends were not necessarily always evil. Imps were often mischievous rather than evil or harmful. In some religions, they were attendants of

1134-619: The 20th and 21st centuries, by adding an honorific title to existing parish churches. These have included Dewsbury (1994), Sunderland Minster (1998), Preston (2003), Rotherham (2004), Stoke (2005), and Newport (2008). St Andrew's Church, Plymouth became a minster church in late 2009. The Parish Church of St. John the Baptist in Halifax, West Yorkshire was elevated to minster status in November 2009. St James's Church in Grimsby

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1188-503: The Bishop. So successful were the two imps in their task that God sent an angel to warn them to cease and repent, or suffer the consequences. One imp was so frightened by the threat that he hid under a table; but the other defiantly threw rocks at the angel, and was promptly turned to stone as the Lincoln Imp. The other promised the angel to heed the warning and fled to Grimsby where he quickly resumed his previous bad behaviour, terrorising

1242-560: The Danish prince who came to rule part or all of England. First recorded in the 13th-century Middle English romance Havelok the Dane , a lively and fast-moving poem, the tale is frequently funny with important questions about what makes a good ruler and a just society: kindness is rewarded, cruelty punished, and the rightful king restored to his proper place. The recumbent effigy is in fact that of Sir Thomas Haslerton. A 14th-century knight from

1296-765: The Elevation of the Host during Mass at the High Altar in the Chancel. The dedication to 'Our Lady' honours the Blessed Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus. The Memorial Chapel was completed in 1921 on the initiative of Canon Algernon Augustus Markham , a former Vicar of Grimsby. The Roll of Honour, acknowledging the 2,100 local people who gave their lives for King and country during the First World War ,

1350-569: The South transept . Later works included the installation of new windows with stone tracery, and the installation of new oak roofs. The next key event in the history of the church, was the opening of the James College in 1883. The predecessor of today's St James' School , it was founded by Canon Young. It was the only choir school in the UK to be attached to a parish church until the restructuring of

1404-831: The South Aisle reflect the history of the Anglican Church and those in the North Aisle the life of Christ from the Adoration of the Magi to the Last Supper. Installed around 1910, the names of their donors are recorded in the brass plaques. All of the original windows, except those in the Memorial Chapel, were destroyed by bomb damage in 1943. They were, however, replaced to their original designs thanks to

1458-497: The alter [sic] did rise, Pronouncing these words in a dignified tone "O impious imp, be ye turned to stone!" While his companion fled, the unfortunate imp remains enslaved by the Angel Choir at the east end of the cathedral. The imp is also depicted on the emblem of the local football team Lincoln City F.C. They are also nicknamed The Imps. Imps are often shown as small in stature and not very attractive. Their behaviour

1512-632: The choir in September 2013 by Anthony Pinel, opening membership of the choir to boys and girls from any local school. The news that the church was to be granted minster status was announced in the Grimsby Telegraph on 15 April 2010. The Minster-making ceremony took place on Sunday, 16 May 2010 and was led by the Lord Bishop of Lincoln, and the Bishop of Grimsby. The Mayor of North East Lincolnshire, Councillor John Colebrook, accepted

1566-445: The choir is open to girls as well as boys. The Minster has 10 bells hung for normal full-circle ringing. They weigh a total of 4.3 tonnes, the tenor (the largest bell) weighing 18.25cwt and having a diameter of 4 feet. They are tuned to the key of E flat. They date from 1830 when three of them were cast by William Dobson, and several bellfounders have cast the rest since then, including John Taylor & Co and John Warner & Sons ,

1620-553: The clergy, by making excessive landed endowments to minsters under their control. This reduced the overall stock of lands carrying the obligations of military service to the Northumbrian state. Alan Thacker states: The term 'minster' was applied by the Anglo-Saxons to all religious communities, whether of monks proper or of secular clergy, a usage which reflects the fact that many early Anglo-Saxon monasteries had assumed

1674-422: The gender of the occupants or the activities in which said occupants typically engaged. Monasterium was for instance applied equally to a small community of men living away from other secular settlements, to a large community of men and women living in a planned enclosure designed around a church, and to a widow and her unmarried daughters living in seclusion. The modern English term "monastery" does not express

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1728-627: The generosity of a post-war generation of local philanthropists whose names are recorded in script within the glass. In the south aisle at the top of a column supporting the bell tower can be found the 12th-century stone carving known as the Grimsby Imp. The legend associates the imp with the Lincoln Imp , claiming that both were sent by the Devil to torment the parishioners of Lincoln Cathedral where they broke tables and chairs and tripped up

1782-442: The imp's endeavours, usually driving it away. Even if the imp was successful in getting the friendship it sought, it still often played pranks on its friend, either out of boredom or simply because this was the nature of the imp. This trait led to using the word “impish” for someone who loves pranks and practical jokes. Eventually, it came to be believed that imps were the familiar spirit servants of witches and warlocks , where

1836-511: The innocent parishioners. The angel pursued him there and smacked his behind, turning him too into stone. Others, however, are not convinced that the carving represents an imp, believing instead that it is the figure of a man holding up the beams on his back. In May 2021 an item in Grimsby Live , "The truth behind Grimsby's very own legendary imp", further expanded the story to include the twisted spire of Chesterfield Parish Church . It said

1890-445: The little demons served as spies and informants. During the time of the witch hunts , supernatural creatures such as imps were sought out as proof of witchcraft , though often the so-called imp was merely a black cat , a lizard , a toad or some other form of uncommon pet. Imps have also been described as being “bound” or contained in some sort of object such as a sword or a crystal ball . In other cases, imps were simply kept in

1944-455: The minster was generally from the family of the founder. The minster's primary purpose was to support the king and the thegn in the regular worship of the divine office ; especially through intercession in times of war. Minsters are also said to have been founded, or extensively endowed, in expiation for royal crimes; as for example Minster-in-Thanet near Ramsgate . Minsters might acquire pastoral and missionary responsibilities, for instance

1998-559: The network of parishes familiar to this day. The old minsters mostly then were designated as parish churches. For these parish churches, their former pre-eminence was acknowledged by the occasional retention of the honorific title; and sometimes by the continued recognition of former estate churches within their ancient territories as being, in some degree, of subsidiary status and dignity. Otherwise however, old minsters might continue collective worship as collegiate churches; their clergy initially being designated as 'portioners', as each canon

2052-487: The new parish of Grimsby, St Mark's and St Martin's. In 1913 a verger of this Church is recorded as erroneously presenting this memorial as 'Grim's Tomb'. Local traditions have claimed for many years that the mortal remains of Grim, the town's probably mythical Viking founder, were laid to rest here. According to legend a famous story of Viking settlement in England involves Lincolnshire's very own Viking hero, Havelok ,

2106-663: The newest bells (the two lightest) being cast in 1962 by Mears and Stainbank . The former churchyard is now called 'St James Square' and was the subject of a £1.8 million redevelopment in 2021. The square features three permanent artworks: Minster (church) Minster is an honorific title given to particular churches in England, most notably York Minster in Yorkshire, Westminster Abbey in London and Southwell Minster in Nottinghamshire. The term minster

2160-542: The official declaration of Minster status on behalf of the Borough. The Parish of Grimsby, St Mary and St James and St Hugh includes one other church: This was built as a 'daughter church' of St James. The two churches form one parish with one Parochial church council . Until 31 August 2022, the Parish contained two other 'daughter churches', St Martin's and St Mark's. On 1 September 2022 these two churches were created into

2214-626: The organisation of the early Christian church in Anglo-Saxon England has been called the " Minster hypothesis ". Following the English recovery in the 10th century, surviving minsters were often refounded in accordance with the new types of collective religious bodies then becoming widespread in Western Europe , as monasteries following the reformed Benedictine rule, or as collegiate churches or cathedral chapters following

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2268-544: The pastoral role which was ultimately the principal distinction of the secular college. Early Anglo-Saxon monks might baptize, preach, and administer the sacraments to the laity in their locality, and distinctions were further blurred by the existence of 'double monasteries' of nuns and secular clerks. In the last resort, however, monks could be free of pastoral obligations, while the secular minster always had its parish ('parochia') over which it exercised extensive and well-defined rights, including control over baptism and burial and

2322-604: The receipt of various financial dues such as church-scot and tithe. The word derives from the Old English "mynster", meaning " monastery ", " nunnery ", " mother church " or " cathedral ", itself derived from the Latin "monasterium" and the Ancient Greek "μοναστήριον", meaning a group of clergy where the Brothers would cloister themselves to meditate . Thus, "minster" could apply to any church whose clergy followed

2376-535: The rule of Chrodegang of Metz . Consequently, by the 11th century, a hierarchy of minsters became apparent; cathedral churches, or head minsters having pre-eminence within a diocese ; surviving old minsters being pre-eminent within an area broadly equivalent to an administrative hundred ; while newer lesser minsters and field churches were increasingly proliferating on local estates; the difference being that lesser minsters had graveyards, where field churches did not. Of particular importance for these developments,

2430-578: The same connotations as the Latin monasterium , from which it derives, or the Old English mynster . This is because the term has come to be associated with contemplative regularity , such as that observed by the Benedictine or Cistercian orders, although this does not apply to the situation in Anglo-Saxon England prior to the tenth century. By the tenth century, a gradual distinction between

2484-706: The significant distance between the West End of the Church and the Choir, a second organ was installed on the North Side of the Choir in the 1970s, by Johnson. This two manual and pedal instrument is used for choral services to accompany the Choir. The specification and photographs of this instrument, too, can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register. Former organists include Grimsby Minster

2538-652: The status on certain parish churches, the most recent elevation to minster status being St Mary Magdalene church in Taunton , Somerset on 13 March 2022, bringing the total number of current Church of England minsters to 31 (listed below), with almost half found in the Yorskhire and the Humber region and with Dorset and Devon as other areas with many historic minsters. The term also exists in German as " Münster " and

2592-467: The three minsters of north-east Herefordshire, Leominster , Bromyard and Ledbury , all active in their areas before the towns were founded on episcopal manors; but initially this appear to have been of secondary importance. In the 9th century, almost all English minsters suffered severely from the depredations of Viking invaders; and even when a body of clergy continued, any form of regular monastic life typically ceased. The important role of minsters in

2646-533: The time, these pranks were harmless fun, but some could be upsetting and harmful, such as the switching of babies or leading travelers astray in places unfamiliar to them. Although imps are often thought of as being immortal , they can be damaged or harmed by certain weapons and enchantments, or be kept out of people's homes by wards . Imps were also portrayed as lonely little creatures in search of human attention, using jokes and pranks to attract human friendship . This often backfired when people became annoyed with

2700-532: Was dedicated as a minster on 16 May 2010. Croydon Parish Church was rededicated as Croydon Minster on 29 May 2011 by the Bishop of Southwark . The elevation of two churches in the Diocese of Norwich was announced in October 2011: St Margaret's Church, King's Lynn and St Nicholas, Great Yarmouth . Leeds Parish Church became Leeds Minster on 2 September 2012. St Mary's Church, Cheltenham became Cheltenham Minster on 3 February 2013. Holy Trinity, Hull became

2754-746: Was in the Ecclesiastical History of the Venerable Bede (731). The modern German term " Münster " is the translation for minster. Monastery or cloister is called " Kloster ". The first minsters in the English-speaking parts of Britain were founded in the century after the mission to the Saxons led by Augustine of Canterbury in 597. The first cases for which documentary evidence has been preserved are Oswy's programme of 654/5, in which he endowed 12 small minsters, and

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2808-520: Was known for being the only parish church in England to have its own choir school, St James' School . The school was founded in 1880 as St James' Choir School by Canon James Peter Young to educate choirboys and it is now a co-educational school of the Alpha Group. Since September 2013, instituted by organist Anthony Pinel, choristers have been drawn from across the county of North East Lincolnshire and, in his successor's time, beyond and membership of

2862-448: Was supported by a set portion of the college's endowment income. During the 11th and 12th centuries many such former minsters were provided with new statutes by which their endowments were split between their complement of canons, such that each canonry then became a ' prebend '; but otherwise numbers of former minsters continued as 'portioner' colleges through the medieval period. The Church of England has designated additional minsters in

2916-451: Was the royal enforcement in this period of tithe as a compulsory religious levy on arable production. This vastly increased the resources available to support clergy; but at the same time strongly motivated local landowners to found their own local churches, so as to retain tithe income within their own estates. In the 11th and 12th centuries former lesser minsters and field churches, typically served by individual priests , developed into

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