Misplaced Pages

#342657

32-766: It was formerly an air base for the South African Air Force . It was also the headquarters of the Namibian Air Force until these were moved to Karibib Air Force Base in 2016. The Grootfontein non-directional beacon (Ident: GF ) and VOR-DME (Ident: GFV ) are located on the field. This article about an airport in Namibia is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Air base An airbase (stylised air base in American English), sometimes referred to as

64-548: A military airbase , military airfield , military airport , air station , naval air station , air force station , or air force base , is an aerodrome or airport used as a military base by a military force for the operation of military aircraft . An airbase typically has some facilities similar to a civilian airport ; for example, air traffic control and firefighting . Some military aerodromes have passenger facilities; for example, RAF Brize Norton in England has

96-538: A nation can move about at will", which allows greater flexibility in diplomacy as well as military affairs. Aircraft carriers may also used in disaster relief . Highway strip A highway strip , road runway or road base is a section of a highway , motorway or other form of public road that is specially built to act as a runway for (mostly) military aircraft and to serve as an auxiliary military air base . These runways allow military aircraft to continue operating even if their regular air bases, some of

128-610: A section of M2 motorway to land its fighter jets to demonstrate its capability. A large number of highway strips (DOL - Drogowy Odcinek Lotniskowy , lit "road airfield section") were built during the Cold War in Poland. As of 2003, only one highway strip is used annually for an exercise. The Republic of Singapore Air Force periodically conducts an "alternate runway exercise". It was first conducted on 17 April 1986 with F-5 and A-4 aircraft. The seventh exercise, "Torrent 2016",

160-529: A terminal used by passengers for the Royal Air Force 's passenger transport flights. A number of military airbases may also have a civil enclave for commercial passenger flights, e.g. Beijing Nanyuan Airport (China), Chandigarh Airport (India), Ibaraki Airport (Japan), Burlington International Airport (USA), Sheikh Ul-Alam International Airport Srinagar (India), Taipei Songshan Airport (Taiwan), Eindhoven airport (The Netherlands). Likewise,

192-465: Is an airfield that is used for the purpose of dispersing air units in the event of conflict, so to minimise the vulnerability of aircraft and its supporting units whilst on the ground. Dispersal airbases are not necessarily ordinarily operational in peace time, and may only be activated when needed. Airfields used as dispersal bases can either be auxiliary military airfields, civilian airports, or highway strips . Examples of uses of dispersal bases are

224-447: Is for the enemy to target. A persistent myth claims that "one mile in every five must be straight for use as an airstrip in times of war or other emergencies". However, no legislation containing this provision was ever passed. The Defense Highway Act of 1941 provided for the operation of "flight strips" alongside highways, but did not mandate the use of the road itself. For Exercise Northern Strike 2021, A-10 Thunderbolt IIs from

256-724: The 354th Fighter Squadron and the 127th Wing of the Michigan Air National Guard along with two C-146A Wolfhounds from the Air Force Special Operations Command participated in the exercise. The aircraft landed on state highway M-32 as part of Northern Strike 21, a large-scale training exercise, in Alpena, Michigan . This was the first time that United States military aircraft had used highways as airstrips on American soil. The United States Air Force repeated this training with

288-485: The Czech Republic . In the case of Finnish road airbases, the space needed for landing aircraft is reduced by means of an arrestor wire , similar to that used on some aircraft carriers ( Finnish Air Force uses F/A-18s , which were originally designed to land on aircraft carriers). An aircraft carrier is a type of naval ship which serves as a seaborne airbase, the development of which has greatly enhanced

320-615: The Egyptian Air Force was grounded by a quick surprise attack on air bases) and the introduction of long range attack aircraft (primarily the Su-24 ) inspired further development, resulting in the Bas 90 system. Improvements in the Bas 90 system included construction of short backup runways in the direct vicinity of the air bases and further dispersion of ground operations. The Viggen and

352-520: The Gripen were both designed with STOL capability in order to utilize shorter runways. The Swedish Air Force did not practice using their road bases for around a decade in the early 21st century, but in 2015 and 2016 its Saab JAS 39 Gripen fighters participated in Finnish Air Force road base drills. In September 2017, the air force conducted exercises on a number of road bases for

SECTION 10

#1732797724343

384-492: The Israeli Air Force in a surprise air strike disabled many of their opponents' air bases in just a few hours. Countries that have built highway strips include both West and East Germany , Singapore, North Korea, Taiwan, Sweden, Finland, Bulgaria, Switzerland ( military significance ), Poland, India, Pakistan and Czechoslovakia. The strips are usually 2 to 3.5 km (1.2 to 2.2 mi) straight sections of

416-672: The Japan Self-Defense Forces have Kenebetsu Air Base and Yakumo Sub Base as alternative air bases. North Korea has established a large number of highway strips to use in case of war. In Pakistan, The M-1 Motorway ( Peshawar - Islamabad ) and the M-2 Motorway (Islamabad- Lahore ) each include two emergency runway sections of 2,700 m (9,000 ft) length each. The four emergency runway sections become operational by removing removable concrete medians using forklifts. The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) has used

448-590: The Swedish Bas 60 and Bas 90 systems, the British V-Bomber dispersal bases , and NATO's Dispersed Operating Bases in France . Road airbases are highways constructed to double as auxiliary airbases in the event of war. Countries known to utilise this strategy are India , Sweden , Finland , Germany (formerly), Singapore , Switzerland , South Korea , Turkey , Poland , Pakistan , and

480-700: The Winter War of 1939-1940 the Finnish Air Force re-deployed its aircraft to makeshift airfields including frozen lakes to preserve them against Soviet air attack. The tactic was successful, with Soviet air raids on bases causing little damage and the vastly outnumbered Finnish aircraft scoring a high number of aerial victories. Throughout the Cold War the Finnish Air Force maintained a network of secondary airfields including civilian airports and road bases to improve survivability and effectiveness in

512-483: The 'cook house'), accommodation (single living accommodation for junior ranks , Sergeants' and Officers' Mess for senior non-commissioned officers and commissioned officers), recreational facilities (club house for socialising), shopping facilities ( NAAFI shops, base exchange, commissary), and sports facilities (gymnasium, swimming pool, sports pitches). An airbase may be defended by anti-aircraft weapons and force protection troops. A dispersal (or dispersed) airbase

544-567: The 2015 and 2016 exercises, flying Gripen fighters. The Royal Norwegian Air Force took part in the 2023 exercise, flying F-35 fighter. Germany has a number of highway strips (NLP-Str - Notlandeplätze auf Straßen , "emergency airfields on roads"). In India, highway strips are called Emergency Landing Facilities (ELF). ELF facilities are activated in the states of Uttar Pradesh , Rajasthan , Andhra Pradesh and union territory of Jammu and Kashmir . A total 13 locations have been chosen for development of such highway strips. In Hokkaido

576-453: The Cold War, the Royal Air Force launched Jaguar aircraft from the M55 motorway between Preston and Blackpool have been tested. Areas such as Teesside , Southend and Liverpool have been considered for highway strip areas as large civilian airports such as Glasgow and Heathrow would be unavailable. Another advantage to this is that the more the jet fighters are spread, the harder it

608-495: The M2 motorway as a runway on two occasions: for the first time in 2000 when it landed an F-7P fighter, a Super Mushak trainer and a C-130 and, again, in 2010. On the last occasion, the PAF used a runway section on the M2 motorway on 2 April 2010, to land, refuel and take-off two jet fighters, a Mirage III and an F-7P, during its Highmark 2010 exercise. In March 2019, Pakistan also used

640-627: The Swedish Bas 90 system are commonly only 800 m (2,600 ft) in length. The STOL -capability of the Viggen and Gripen allowed for such short runways. In the case of Finnish road airbases, the space needed for landing aircraft is reduced by means of a wire, similar to the CATOBAR system used on some aircraft carriers. A number of countries around the world utilise the strategy of highways constructed to double as auxiliary airbases in

672-629: The capabilities of modern air forces and naval aviation . In many countries, they are now a key part of the military, allowing for their military aircraft to be staged much nearer the area of conflict. Aircraft carriers were vital to the United States during World War II , Korea and the Vietnam War , and to the United Kingdom in the 1982 Falklands War . They retain modern roles as well as "several acres of sovereign territory

SECTION 20

#1732797724343

704-684: The country. In 2014 Chinese forces landed warplanes on a highway strip in Henan province for the first time. After the Turkish invasion of Cyprus , three highway strips were built in the Greek part of Cyprus, easily recognisable by a runway centre line and markings for the touchdown zone. They also all have aircraft turning areas at either end. One is located on the A1 Limassol–Nicosia Highway (5,200 m [17,100 ft]) and one near

736-646: The event of war. As of 2017, all aircraft in the Finnish Air Force are capable of operating from road bases. Currently Finland conducts drills on its road bases ( maantietukikohta ), around once a year. In the Baana 16 exercise in 2016 the Finnish Air Force flew F/A-18C and BAE Hawk , Pilatus PC-12 and C295M aircraft from a highway in Lusi . The Finnish Air Force uses arresting cables to quickly stop F/A-18s, which were originally designed to operate from aircraft carriers . The Swedish Air Force also took part in

768-623: The event of war. While not designed for military use, in outback Australia some sections of highway are maintained as emergency runways for use by the Royal Flying Doctor Service . In Glamoč , Bosnia and Herzegovina , the M15 road was used as a military airstrip. There is a clear example of how the road was widened for the needs of airplane landing. In 1989 China conducted its first highway strip drills. They have since been conducted at later dates and in different areas of

800-455: The first time in over a decade. In preparation for NATO integration, United States aircraft have done some landings on these road strips in the 2020s, even if they are considered too narrow according to NATO standard and too short for most military aircraft. A number of highway strips called NOLA/NOSTA ( Notlandepisten ) were set up from 1969 to 2004. Taiwan built a number of highway strips ( 戰備跑道 , lit. "war spare runway"). During

832-427: The former USSR ( Аэродромный Участок Дороги , "airfield part of road"). Tamil separatist group Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) operated in northern Sri Lanka prior to their elimination in 2009, used highways as landing strips. Sweden started establishing road runways ( reservvägbaser ) as alternative bases with the introduction of the Bas 60 system in the late 1950s. The Six-Day War in 1967 (where

864-696: The highway, where any central reservation is made of crash barriers that can be removed quickly (in order to allow airplanes to use the whole width of the road), and other features of an airbase ( taxiways , airport aprons ) can be built. The road will need a thicker-than-normal surface and a solid concrete base. The specialized equipment of a typical airfield are stored somewhere nearby and only carried there when airfield operations start. The highway strips can be converted from motorways to airbases typically within 24 to 48 hours. The road would need to be swept to remove any debris before use by aircraft. Road runways can however also be quite small—the short runways built in

896-612: The most vulnerable targets in any war, are degraded or destroyed. The first highway strips were constructed near the end of World War II in Nazi Germany , where the well developed Reichsautobahn system allowed aircraft to use the motorways. During the Cold War highway strips were systematically built on both sides of the Iron Curtain , in many cases in response to the Six Day War and Operation Focus in 1967, where

928-1211: The opposite also occurs; large civilian airports may contain a smaller military airbase within their environs, such as Royal Brunei Air Force Base, Rimba (located within Brunei International Airport ). Some airbases have dispersed aircraft parking, revetments , hardened aircraft shelters , or even underground hangars , to protect aircraft from enemy attack. Combat aircraft require secure protected storage of aircraft ordnance and munitions. Other facilities may also include technical buildings for servicing and support of survival equipment (including flying helmets and personal liquid oxygen), flight simulator for synthetic training, servicing facilities for all aircraft systems (airframes, propulsion, avionics, weapons systems) and associated ground support systems (including mechanical transport). All military airbases will have buildings for military administration (station headquarters, squadron briefing and operations), and larger bases will also include medical and dental facilities for military personnel (and sometimes their dependents), along with dining ( mess , informally known as

960-578: The western end of the A5 Limassol–Larnaca highway (5,000 m [16,000 ft]). The third is a much smaller strip located on the A6 Limassol-Paphos highway near to Paphos International Airport . In Czechia, highway strips are called "the airport section of the highway" ( letištní úsek dálnice (LÚD) ). There are two existing highway strips. One on highway D1 (km 136.8 to 139.2) near Měřín city, 2100 m long and 25.5 m wide. It

992-472: Was conducted near Tengah Air Base in November 2016. Signs, street lights and other fixtures were removed, and landing equipment installed temporarily, which included mobile arresting gear for the first time. F-15SG and F-16C/D fighters participated in the 2016 exercise. As with North Korea, South Korea has also established a number of highway strips. A large number of highway strips were built in

Grootfontein Air Force Base - Misplaced Pages Continue

1024-689: Was finished in 1976 and used for exercise landings and take-offs in 1980, 1982 and 1985. The second highway strip is on highway D46 (km 1.4 to 4.2), and it is meant as backup take-off and landing runway for Vyškov airport. Many more were planned, but not built. During the Operation Saber Strike exercises in 2016 and 2018, A-10 Thunderbolt II aircraft from the United States Air National Guard operated from former Warsaw Pact road runways in Estonia . In

#342657