27-615: (Redirected from Gucheng Township ) Gucheng , formerly romanized as Ku Ch'eng , may refer to the following places in China : [REDACTED] Look up Gucheng in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Gucheng meaning "old city/fort" (古城) [ edit ] Communities [ edit ] Gucheng, Chengzhong , Chengzhong Subdistrict , Yingcheng , Xiaogan , Hubei Counties [ edit ] Qitai County ( formerly 古城 ) in
54-1025: A station on Line 1 of the Beijing Subway Gucheng meaning "former city" (故城) [ edit ] Counties [ edit ] Gucheng County, Hebei (故城县), in Hengshui, Hebei Towns [ edit ] Gucheng, Gucheng County, Hebei (故城镇) Gucheng, Wuxiang County (故城镇) in Shanxi Other forms [ edit ] Gucheng County, Hubei (谷城县), in Xiangyang, Hubei Gucheng, Longyao County (固城镇) in Hebei Gucheng Township, Li County ( 固城乡 ), in Gansu Gǔcheng Township, Qingfeng County ( 固城乡 ), in Henan Topics referred to by
81-548: A number of cities with Kuomintang mayors. However, the current Tsai Ing-wen administration and Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) along with the majority of the people in Taiwan, both native and overseas, use spelling and transcribe their legal names based on the Wade–Giles system, as well as the other aforementioned systems. The tables below show the Wade–Giles representation of each Chinese sound (in bold type), together with
108-627: A scholar of Chinese and a British ambassador in China who was the first professor of Chinese at the University of Cambridge . Wade published Yü-yen Tzŭ-erh Chi ( 語言自邇集 ; 语言自迩集 ) in 1867, the first textbook on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin in English, which became the basis for the system later known as Wade–Giles. The system, designed to transcribe Chinese terms for Chinese specialists,
135-458: A syllable is not the first in a word, its first letter is not capitalized , even if it is part of a proper noun . The use of apostrophe-like characters, hyphens, and capitalization is frequently not observed in place names and personal names. For example, the majority of overseas Taiwanese people write their given names like "Tai Lun" or "Tai-Lun", whereas the Wade–Giles is actually "Tai-lun". (See also Chinese names .) Note: In Hànyǔ Pīnyīn,
162-487: A syllable on its own, Wade–Giles writes ê or o depending on the character. In all other circumstances, it writes ê . What is pronounced in Peking dialect as [wo] is usually written as o in Wade–Giles, except for wo , shuo (e.g. "說" shuo ) and the three syllables of kuo , kʻuo , and huo (as in 過, 霍, etc.), which contrast with ko , kʻo , and ho that correspond to Pīnyīn ge , ke , and he . This
189-400: A syllable on its own, it is written ê or o depending on the character. Wade–Giles writes [-wo] as -uo after kʻ , k , h and sh , otherwise as -o : kʻuo , kuo , huo , shuo , bo , tso . After chʻ , it is written chʻo or chʻuo depending on the character. For -ih and -ŭ , see below . Giles's A Chinese–English Dictionary also includes
216-2458: Is incomplete ; you can help by adding missing items . ( December 2013 ) Gucheng Township, Huaiyuan County , in Anhui Gucheng Township, Yingshang County , in Anhui Changgucheng Township (长古城乡) in Baoding, Hebei Xigucheng Township in Xingtai, Hebei Gucheng Township, Da'an, Jilin Gucheng Township, Fugou County , in Henan Gucheng Township, Huaibin County , in Henan Gucheng Township, Luoyang , in Henan Gucheng Township, Qingfeng County , in Henan Gucheng Township, Tanghe County , in Henan Gucheng Township, Zhumadian , in Henan Gucheng Township, Qitai County , in Xinjiang Subdistricts [ edit ] Gucheng Subdistrict, Beijing , in Shijingshan District , Beijing Gucheng Subdistrict, Dengzhou , in Dengzhou City, Henan Gucheng Subdistrict, Shangqiu , in Suiyang District , Shangqiu, Henan Gucheng Subdistrict, Suqian , in Sucheng District , Suqian, Jiangsu Gucheng Subdistrict, Dengta , in Dengta City, Liaoning Gucheng Subdistrict, Xingcheng , in Xingcheng City, Liaoning Gucheng Subdistrict, Shouguang , in Shouguang City, Shandong Gucheng Subdistrict, Taiyuan , in Jiancaoping District , Taiyuan, Shanxi Gucheng Subdistrict, Linhai , in Linhai City, Zhejiang Metro Stations [ edit ] Gucheng station ,
243-522: Is because characters like 羅, 多, etc. (Wade–Giles: lo , to ; Pīnyīn: luó , duō ) did not originally carry the medial [w] . Peking dialect does not have phonemic contrast between o and -uo / wo (except in interjections when used alone) and a medial [w] is usually inserted in front of -o to form [wo] . Zhùyīn and Pīnyīn write [wo] as ㄛ -o after ㄅ b , ㄆ p , ㄇ m and ㄈ f , and as ㄨㄛ -uo after all other initials. Tones are indicated in Wade–Giles using superscript numbers (1–4) placed after
270-542: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Wade%E2%80%93Giles Wade–Giles ( / ˌ w eɪ d ˈ dʒ aɪ l z / WAYD JYLZE ) is a romanization system for Mandarin Chinese . It developed from the system produced by Thomas Francis Wade during the mid-19th century, and was given completed form with Herbert Giles 's A Chinese–English Dictionary (1892). The romanization systems in common use until
297-557: Is similar to Wade–Giles. POJ, Legge romanization , Simplified Wade , and EFEO Chinese transcription use the letter ⟨h⟩ instead of an apostrophe-like character to indicate aspiration. (This is similar to the obsolete IPA convention before the revisions of the 1970s ). The convention of an apostrophe-like character or ⟨h⟩ to denote aspiration is also found in romanizations of other Asian languages, such as McCune–Reischauer for Korean and ISO 11940 for Thai . People unfamiliar with Wade–Giles often ignore
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#1732782411024324-1571: The Linhe District of Bayan Nur, Inner Mongolia Gucheng, Togtoh County , in Togtoh County , Inner Mongolia Gucheng, Jiangxi , in Jinggangshan City , Jiangxi Gucheng, Huanren County , in Liaoning Gucheng, Pengyang County , in Ningxia Gucheng, Wuzhong , in Litong District in Ningxia Gucheng, Luonan County , in Shaanxi Gucheng, Xixiang County , in Shaanxi Gucheng, Shen County , in Shandong Gucheng, Zhanhua County , in Shandong Gucheng, Shanyin County , in Shanxi Gucheng, Xiangfen County , in Shanxi Gucheng, Yanggao County , in Shanxi Gucheng, Yuanqu County , in Shanxi Gucheng, Pi County , in Sichuan Gucheng, Pingwu County , in Sichuan Districts [ edit ] Gucheng District (古城区), Lijiang, Yunnan Townships [ edit ] [REDACTED] This list
351-556: The unaspirated-aspirated stop consonant pairs using a character resembling an apostrophe . Thomas Wade and others used the spiritus asper (ʽ or ʻ), borrowed from the polytonic orthography of the Ancient Greek language. Herbert Giles and others used a left (opening) curved single quotation mark (‘) for the same purpose. A third group used a plain apostrophe ('). The backtick , and visually similar characters, are sometimes seen in various electronic documents using
378-1017: The Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, one of the more famous sites named Gucheng Towns [ edit ] Gucheng, Bozhou , in Anhui Gucheng, Feidong County , in Anhui Gucheng, Fuchuan County , in Guangxi Gucheng, Luchuan County , in Guangxi Gucheng, Fujian Gucheng, Gansu , in Liangzhou District , Wuwei Gucheng, Fucheng County , in Hebei Gucheng, Keshan County , in Heilongjiang Gucheng, Linkou County , in Heilongjiang Gucheng, Xuchang , in Yuzhou, Henan Gucheng, Bayan Nur , in
405-650: The apostrophe-like characters are kept, the system reveals a symmetry that leaves no overlap: Like Yale and Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II , Wade–Giles renders the two types of syllabic consonant ( simplified Chinese : 空韵 ; traditional Chinese : 空韻 ; Wade–Giles: kʻung -yün ; Hànyǔ Pīnyīn : kōngyùn ) differently: These finals are both written as -ih in Tongyòng Pinyin , as -i in Hànyǔ Pīnyīn (hence distinguishable only by
432-555: The corresponding IPA phonetic symbol (in square brackets), and equivalent representations in Bopomofo and Hanyu Pinyin . Instead of ts , tsʻ and s , Wade–Giles writes tz , tzʻ and ss before ŭ (see below ). Wade–Giles writes -uei after kʻ and k , otherwise -ui : kʻuei , kuei , hui , shui , chʻui . It writes [-ɤ] as -o after kʻ , k and h , otherwise as -ê : kʻo , ko , ho , shê , chʻê . When [ɤ] forms
459-408: The finals -io (in yo , chio , chʻio , hsio , lio and nio ) and -üo (in chüo , chʻüo , hsüo , lüo and nüo ), both of which are pronounced -üeh in modern Standard Chinese : yüeh , chüeh , chʻüeh , hsüeh , lüeh and nüeh . Wade–Giles writes the syllable [i] as i or yi depending on the character. A feature of the Wade–Giles system is the representation of
486-532: The initial from [i] as in li ), and as -y in Gwoyeu Romatzyh and Simplified Wade . They are typically omitted in Zhùyīn (Bōpōmōfō) . Final o in Wade–Giles has two pronunciations in modern Peking dialect: [wo] and [ɤ] . What is pronounced in vernacular Peking dialect as a close-mid back unrounded vowel [ɤ] is written usually as ê , but sometimes as o , depending on historical pronunciation (at
513-596: The late 19th century were based on the Nanjing dialect , but Wade–Giles was based on the Beijing dialect and was the system of transcription familiar in the English-speaking world for most of the 20th century. Both of these kinds of transcription were used in postal romanizations (romanized place-names standardized for postal uses). In mainland China , Wade–Giles has been mostly replaced by Hanyu Pinyin , which
540-509: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Gucheng . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gucheng&oldid=1172047463#Townships " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing Chinese-language text Incomplete lists from December 2013 Short description
567-527: The so-called neutral tone is written leaving the syllable with no diacritic mark at all. In Tongyòng Pinyin, a ring is written over the vowel. There are several adaptations of Wade–Giles. The Romanization system used in the 1943 edition of Mathews' Chinese–English Dictionary differs from Wade–Giles in the following ways: Examples of Wade–Giles derived English language terminology: Gucheng District Gucheng District ( Chinese : 古城区 ; pinyin : Gǔchéng Qū ; lit. 'old city')
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#1732782411024594-676: The spiritus asper, sometimes omitting them when copying texts, unaware that they represent vital information. Hànyǔ Pīnyīn addresses this issue by employing the Latin letters customarily used for voiced stops, unneeded in Mandarin, to represent the unaspirated stops: b, p, d, t, g, k, j, q, zh, ch. Partly because of the popular omission of apostrophe-like characters, the four sounds represented in Hànyǔ Pīnyīn by j , q , zh , and ch often all become ch , including in many proper names. However, if
621-465: The syllable. This contrasts with the use of diacritics to represent the tones in Pīnyīn. For example, the Pīnyīn qiàn (fourth tone) has the Wade–Giles equivalent chʻien . ( s ; t ; lit ) Wade–Giles uses hyphens to separate all syllables within a word (whereas Pīnyīn separates syllables only in specially defined cases, using hyphens or closing (right) single quotation marks as appropriate). If
648-469: The system. Examples using the spiritus asper: p , pʻ , t , tʻ , k , kʻ , ch , chʻ . The use of this character preserves b , d , g , and j for the romanization of Chinese varieties containing voiced consonants, such as Shanghainese (which has a full set of voiced consonants) and Min Nan (Hō-ló-oē) whose century-old Pe̍h-ōe-jī (POJ, often called Missionary Romanization)
675-437: The time Wade–Giles was developed). Specifically, after velar initials k , kʻ and h (and a historical ng , which had been dropped by the time Wade–Giles was developed), o is used; for example, "哥" is ko (Pīnyīn gē ) and "刻" is kʻo (Pīnyīn kè ). In Peking dialect, o after velars (and what used to be ng ) have shifted to [ɤ] , thus they are written as ge , ke , he and e in Pīnyīn. When [ɤ] forms
702-589: Was further refined in 1892 by Herbert Giles (in A Chinese–English Dictionary ), a British diplomat in China, and his son Lionel Giles , a curator at the British Museum. Taiwan used Wade–Giles for decades as the de facto standard, co-existing with several official romanizations in succession, namely, Gwoyeu Romatzyh (1928), Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II (1986), and Tongyong Pinyin (2000). The Kuomintang (KMT) has previously promoted pinyin with Ma Ying-jeou 's successful presidential bid in 2008 and in
729-476: Was officially adopted in 1958, with exceptions for the romanized forms of some of the most commonly used names of locations and persons, and other proper nouns. The romanized name for most locations, persons and other proper nouns in Taiwan is based on the Wade–Giles derived romanized form, for example Kaohsiung , the Matsu Islands and Chiang Ching-kuo . Wade–Giles was developed by Thomas Francis Wade ,
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