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57-462: Gunslinger Girl (stylized in small caps ) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yu Aida . It was serialized in Dengeki Daioh magazine from May 2002 to September 2012. Its chapters were collected in 15 tankōbon volumes by ASCII Media Works . Set in modern Italy , the series focuses on young cybernetic girls and their adult male handlers who use them as assassins under

114-522: A uvular trill in IPA, and ɢ a voiced uvular plosive . They should not normally be used in other contexts; rather, the basic character set should be used with suitable formatting controls as described in the preceding sections. * Superscript versions of small caps ᴀ , ᴅ , ᴇ and ᴘ have been provisionally assigned for inclusion in a future version of the Unicode Standard. Additionally,

171-680: A Region 1 retail release in 2009. Two additional episodes (14 and 15) were released on DVD in Japan on October 24, 2008. The sequel is licensed for English language release in Australia and New Zealand by Madman Entertainment and in North America by Funimation Entertainment. The second season made its North American television debut on October 19, 2011 on the Funimation Channel . Gunslinger Girl and Gunslinger Girl: Il Teatrino ,

228-696: A colon, feature tag, an equals sign and feature value, for example, EB Garamond 12:smcp=1 , and version 6.2 added a dialog to switch. Although small caps are allographs of their full size equivalents (and so not usually "semantically important"), the Unicode standard does define a number of "small capital" characters in the IPA extensions , Phonetic Extensions and Latin Extended-D ranges (0250–02AF, 1D00–1D7F, A720–A7FF). These characters are meant for use in phonetic representations. For example, ʀ represents

285-440: A deadly assassin with unquestioning loyalty to her handler but, if used excessively, also limits her life span. Each fratello exhibits a unique dynamic. Most of the handlers have police or military backgrounds and were recruited directly into Section 2. Most also chose their own cyborgs from a list of candidates, though some appear to have been assigned a cyborg. The Social Welfare Agency primarily concerns itself with dealing with

342-721: A dedicated website for the Avalon novel series in September 2008 at AvalonMagic.com. On August 1, 2012, Seven Seas Entertainment launched the ad-supported free webcomic portal Zoom Comics in partnership with Pixie Trix Comix. The initial launch titles included Amazing Agent Jennifer , Dracula Everlasting , Paranormal Mystery Squad , and Vampire Cheerleaders . On January 20, 2017, Seven Seas Entertainment announced that it had partnered up with online light novel publisher J-Novel Club to release their licensed properties in print. On October 11, 2017, Seven Seas Entertainment announced

399-548: A few less-common Latin characters, several Greek characters, and a single Cyrillic character used in Latin-script notation (small capital Л : ᴫ), also have small capitals encoded: The Unicode Consortium has a typographical convention of using small caps for its formal names for symbols, in running text. For example, the name of U+0416 Ж CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE is conventionally shown as CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE . Small caps can be specified in

456-937: A new manga imprint called Ghost Ship for its mature titles. Manga series licensed under this imprint are distributed through Diamond Book Distributors . On October 5, 2018, Seven Seas Entertainment won the Harvey Award for Best Manga for its English version of My Lesbian Experience With Loneliness . On November 13, 2020, Seven Seas Entertainment announced a new imprint called "Airship" for its light novel and Japanese prose novel licenses. On November 20, 2020, Seven Seas Entertainment announced that it would be switching distributors worldwide, with all imprints moving to Penguin Random House Publisher Services from July 1, 2021. On December 21, 2020, Seven Seas Entertainment announced that they would publish Hiveworks webcomics in print. In early 2021, it

513-405: A new translation and in omnibus format. Gunslinger Girl was adapted into a thirteen-episode anime series based on the first two volumes of the manga. It was directed by Morio Asaka and produced by Madhouse , Bandai Visual , Marvelous Entertainment and Fuji Television, with music by Toshihiko Sahashi . The song "The Light Before We Land" by Scottish indie rock band The Delgados was used as

570-637: Is again because small caps were normally only used in body text and cutting bold and italic small caps was thought unnecessary. An isolated early appearance was in the Enschedé type foundry specimen of 1768, which featured a set cut by Joan Michaël Fleischman , and in 1837 Thomas Adams commented that in the United States "small capitals are in general only cast to roman fonts" but that "some founders in England cast italic small capitals to most, if not

627-539: Is an American publishing company located in Los Angeles, California . It was originally dedicated to the publication of original English-language manga , but now publishes licensed manga and light novels from Japan, as well as select webcomics . The company is headed by Jason DeAngelis, who coined the term " world manga " with the October 2004 launch of the company's website. In April 2005, Seven Seas became

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684-612: Is an Illusion! , and Killing Stalking all published on the Lezhin Comics web platform. On January 26, 2022, Seven Seas Entertainment announced a new imprint called "Steamship" for its shōjo , josei and teens' love romance manga titles, beginning with GAME: Between the Suits , I'll Never be Your Crown Princess! , Ladies on Top , and Outbride: Beauty and the Beasts . On May 23, 2022, employees of Seven Seas announced

741-471: Is an additional rogue fratello in these games, who go by the names Earnest (handler) and Pia (cyborg). Earnest and Pia do not appear in the manga or anime, nor are they ever mentioned. Pia's preferred weapons were the Desert Eagle .50AE and M16A1 with M203 grenade launcher . On January 9, 2020, it was announced a collaboration between the mobile game Girls' Frontline and Gunslinger Girl, in which

798-449: Is implemented depends on the typesetting system; some can use true small caps glyphs that are included in modern professional typefaces ; but less complex computer fonts do not have small-caps glyphs, so the typesetting system simply reduces the uppercase letters by a fraction (often 1.5 to 2 points less than the base scale). However, this will make the characters look somewhat out of proportion. A work-around to simulate real small capitals

855-419: Is paired with an adult male trainer, or "handler", and together they are referred to as a fratello —Italian for "brother". The handler is responsible for the training, welfare and field performance of his charge, and is free to use whatever methods he considers suitable. While these methods vary according to the handler, a common part of each girl's regimen is brainwashing called "conditioning", which produces

912-503: Is the recommended way, or font-feature-settings : 'smcp' , which is the most widely used method As of May 2014 . If the font does not have small-cap glyphs, lowercase letters are displayed. renders as As of June 2023 , CSS3 can specify petite caps by using font-variant : petite-caps or font-feature-settings : 'pcap' . If the font does not have petite cap glyphs, lowercase letters are displayed. Seven Seas Entertainment Seven Seas Entertainment

969-471: Is therefore easier to work with fonts that have true small caps as a completely separate style, similar to bold or italic. Few free and open-source fonts have this feature; an exception is Georg Duffner's EB Garamond , in open beta. LibreOffice Writer started allowing true small caps for OpenType fonts since version 5.3, they can be enabled via a syntax used in the Font Name input box, including font name,

1026-407: Is to use a bolder version of the small caps generated by such systems, to match well with the normal weights of capitals and lowercase, especially when such small caps are extended about 5% or letter-spaced a half point or a point. Small caps are often used in sections of text that are unremarkable and thus a run of uppercase capital letters might imply an emphasis that is not intended. For example,

1083-634: The fleece and trap vowels in English. The Bluebook prescribes small caps for some titles and names in United States legal citations. The practice precedes World War I , with Harvard Law Review using it while referring to itself. By 1915, small caps were used for all titles of journals and books. In many books, mention of another part of the same book or mentions the work as a whole will be set in small caps. For example, articles in The World Book Encyclopedia refer to

1140-621: The Lolita Anime " . Small caps Well-designed small capitals are not simply scaled-down versions of normal capitals; they normally retain the same stroke weight as other letters and have a wider aspect ratio for readability. Typically, the height of a small capital glyph will be one ex , the same height as most lowercase characters in the font. In fonts with relatively low x-height, however, small caps may be somewhat larger than this. For example, in some Tiro Typeworks fonts, small caps glyphs are 30% larger than x-height, and 70%

1197-494: The Padania Republic Faction (PRF or RF), an organization seeking an independent Northern Italy through acts of terrorism and bribery. Gunslinger Girl , written and illustrated by Yu Aida , premiered in Japan on May 21, 2002 in the monthly Dengeki Daioh magazine, and was completed with the September 27, 2012 issue. The chapters are also being published in collected volumes by ASCII Media Works , with

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1254-638: The 2005 AnimeNEXT convention, ADV representative David L. Williams said the slow schedule was due to ADV Manga feeling that they had rushed into the manga market in a period when it was too saturated with new manga titles. After the third volume was released that year, the series went on a two-year hiatus. Release of the series resumed in July 2007 with the publication of the fourth volume, and six volumes were released as of April 2008. On April 8, 2010, manga publisher Seven Seas Entertainment announced that it had licensed Gunslinger Girl and would be re-released, with

1311-764: The Agency professes to aid the rehabilitation of the physically injured, it is actually a military organization specializing in counter-intelligence and counter-terrorism . It is composed of two independent branches: Public Safety, its surveillance and intelligence-gathering division, and Special Ops, the anti-terrorist division. Special Ops is itself divided into Sections 1 and 2, the latter of which employs young girls who have experienced traumatic and near-death experiences fitted with cybernetic implants as agents. The implants, which consist of synthesized muscles and carbon fiber frames, result in heightened strength and reflexes as well as high resilience to damage and pain. Each girl

1368-595: The English release. Some of the titles affected were Classroom of the Elite , I'm in Love with the Villainess , and Mushoku Tensei: Jobless Reincarnation . Altered sections were made without consulting the original authors and involved controversial issues including sexual assault and homophobia. In the case of Mushoku Tensei: Jobless Reincarnation this involved plot points being rewritten, while in I'm in Love with

1425-669: The Ministry of Cultural Affairs announced the winners of the 16th Japan Media Arts Festival Awards . The Gunslinger Girl manga series won an award for excellence in the Manga Division. Jonathan Clements and Helen McCarthy feel the trauma suffered by the girls allows Gunslinger Girl to show them as "submissive blank slates in the style of Chobits ", feeling that while some handlers treated them like objects, those that tried to befriend them used methods that were like "the seduction of 'damaged goods' in less popular works such as

1482-706: The OVAs. As of December 2012, Gunslinger Girl had over 3.9 million copies in circulation. In 2012, the manga won the Excellence Award in the Manga Division at the 16th Japan Media Arts Festival . Set in Italy, Gunslinger Girl follows the exploits of the Social Welfare Agency (often referred to as simply "the Agency"), ostensibly a charitable institution sponsored by the Italian government. While

1539-425: The Villainess it involved omitting text. After receiving criticism, Seven Seas Entertainment announced that they would be revising these changes, republishing the affected volumes, and making changes to their editing process to "make sure important lines are not lost". In May 2022, Seven Seas Entertainment released the first volume of I Think I Turned My Childhood Friend into a Girl . Their localization of this

1596-470: The characters of Angelica, Claes, Rico, Triela and Henrietta would become units available in the game. alongside a new story event merging the world of "Gunslinger Girl -Il Teatrino-" into the world of Girls' Frontline, a future in which humanity suffered a third world war and environmental collapse, leading to technologically advanced tactical doll or "T-Dolls" are used in combat. On December 21, 2005, an image album for Gunslinger Girl called Poca Felicità

1653-591: The digital period, such as in Hoefler Text and FF Scala . The OpenType font standard provides support for transformations from normal letters to small caps by two feature tags, smcp and c2sc . A font may use the tag smcp to indicate how to transform lower-case letters to small caps, and the tag c2sc to indicate how to transform upper-case letters to small caps. OpenType provides support for transformations from normal letters to petite caps by two feature tags, pcap and c2pc . A font may use

1710-698: The directions of a government organization. The manga series is licensed for an English language release in North America by Seven Seas Entertainment . A thirteen-episode anime adaptation produced by Madhouse aired in Japan on Fuji Television from October 2003, to February 2004. A sequel titled Gunslinger Girl -Il Teatrino- and created by Artland premiered in Japan on Tokyo MX TV in January 2008. It spanned thirteen episodes, concluding in April 2008. Two additional episodes were released on DVD in Japan in October 2008. Funimation has licensed both anime seasons and

1767-524: The encyclopedia as a whole and to the encyclopedia's other articles in small caps, as in the "Insurance" article's direction, at one point, to "See No-Fault Insurance ", "No-Fault Insurance" being another of the encyclopedia's articles. Among Romance languages , as an orthographic tradition, only the French and Spanish languages render Roman numerals in small caps to denote centuries, e.g. xviii siècle and siglo xviii for "18th century";

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1824-589: The first manga publisher to release downloadable manga content for the PlayStation Portable and, as a result, gained over 12,000 downloads in the first five days. Seven Seas followed the PlayStation Portable announcement with enlisting the platinum-selling Filipino group the J Brothers to create a theme song for its web OEL manga series Aoi House entitled "Itsumo Futaride". During Comic-Con 2005, Seven Seas Entertainment premiered

1881-573: The first sans serif to feature small caps and optional oldstyle numerals across all weights." (Some caps-only typefaces intended for printing stationery, for instance Copperplate Gothic and Bank Gothic , were intended to be used with smaller sizes serving as small capitals, and had no lower case as a result. ) Italic small capitals were historically rarer than roman small caps. Some digital font families, sometimes digitisations of older metal type designs, still only have small caps in roman style and do not have small caps in bold or italic styles. This

1938-400: The first season is also available for download on iTunes , PlayStation Store , and Xbox Live Marketplace . A second season of the series, entitled Gunslinger Girl -Il Teatrino- , was officially announced in the October issue of Dengeki Daioh . It premiered on Tokyo MX TV on January 7, 2008, and ran for thirteen additional episodes until its conclusion on March 31, 2008. The second season

1995-480: The first volume released on November 27, 2002. The series was collected and published in fifteen volumes in Japan. When ADV Manga was formed in 2003, the Gunslinger Girl manga series was one of the first titles the new branch of ADV Films licensed for an English language release in North America. The first volume was released on November 18, 2003, with the next two volumes not released until 2005. At

2052-467: The formal names of algorithmic problem, e.g. MᴀxSAT, are sometimes set in small caps. Linguists use small caps to analyze the morphology and tag ( gloss ) the parts of speech in a sentence; e.g., She 3SG . F . NOM love-s love- 3SG . PRS . IND you. 2 She love-s you. 3SG.F.NOM love-3SG.PRS.IND 2 Linguists also use small caps to refer to the keywords in lexical sets for particular languages or dialects; e.g.

2109-574: The formation of "United Workers of the Seven Seas", a union working with Communications Workers of America . On May 29, 2022, Seven Seas management announced that it would not voluntarily recognize the union and has requested an election with the NLRB . On May 25, 2022, Seven Seas Entertainment began licensing manhuas from China, beginning with the manhua adaptation of Mo Xiang Tong Xiu's Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation . On May 31, 2022, it

2166-630: The height of full capitals. To differentiate between these two alternatives, the x-height form is sometimes called petite caps , preserving the name "small caps" for the larger variant. OpenType fonts can define both forms via the "small caps" and the "petite caps" features. When the support for the petite caps feature is absent from a desktop publishing program, x-height small caps are often substituted. Many word processors and text formatting systems include an option to format text in caps and small caps, which leaves uppercase letters as they are, but converts lowercase letters to small caps. How this

2223-601: The latter including the two additional episodes, were added to the Netflix library in Canada, Singapore, the United States, and Australia as well as some other countries in January 2016. A set of video games have also been produced for the PlayStation 2 , released only in Japan. These take the form of rail shooters in which the player controls one of the girls on her missions. The series is composed of three volumes. There

2280-512: The names of characters before their lines. Some publications use small caps to indicate surnames. An elementary example is Don Quixote de La Mancha . In the 21st century, the practice is gaining traction in scientific publications. In many versions of the Old Testament of the Bible , the word " Lord " is set in small caps. Typically, an ordinary "Lord" corresponds to the use of

2337-475: The numerals are cardinally postpositive in Spanish alone. Research by Margaret M. Smith concluded that the use of small caps was probably popularised by Johann Froben in the early 16th century, who used them extensively from 1516. Froben may have been influenced by Aldus Manutius , who used very small capitals with printing Greek and at the start of lines of italic, copying a style common in manuscripts at

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2394-479: The opening theme. The series premiered in Japan on Fuji Television from October 8, 2003, to February 19, 2004. The series also aired in Japan on the satellite television network Animax , which later aired the series on its networks worldwide, including its English language networks in Southeast Asia and South Asia (where the series received its English language television premiere). Gunslinger Girl

2451-914: The pilot of its No Man's Land flash anime series and later followed it with a flash animation music video based on Aoi House . In October 2005, it announced plans for its first Japanese license for novels and manga from the Boogiepop series by Kouhei Kadono and Kouji Ogata. In September 2006, Seven Seas announced a project to translate and publish Japanese light novels , including popular titles such as Strawberry Panic! . In March 2008, Seven Seas Entertainment began publishing new editions of Rachel Robert's popular children's fantasy novel series Avalon: Web of Magic in conjunction with Red Sky Entertainment . A three-volume manga spin-off titled Avalon: The Warlock Diaries followed which started in June 2009. Seven Seas and Red Sky Entertainment also launched

2508-399: The style of some publications, like The New Yorker and The Economist , is to use small caps for acronyms and initialisms longer than three letters —thus "U.S." and "W.H.O." in normal caps but " nato " in small caps. The initialisms ad , ce , am , and pm are sometimes typeset in small caps. In printed plays small caps are used for stage directions and

2565-738: The tag pcap to indicate how to transform lower-case letters to petite caps, and the tag c2pc to indicate how to transform upper-case letters to petite caps. Desktop publishing applications, as well as web browsers, can use these features to display petite caps. However, only a few currently do so. LibreOffice can use the fontname:pcap=1 method. Professional desktop publishing applications supporting genuine small caps include Quark XPress, and Adobe Creative Suite applications. Most word processing applications, including Microsoft Word and Pages , do not automatically substitute true small caps when working with OpenType fonts that include them, instead generating scaled ones. For these applications it

2622-461: The time, and sometimes used these capitals to set headings in his printing; as a result these headings were in all caps, but in capitals from a smaller font than the body text type. The idea caught on in France, where small capitals were used by Simon de Colines , Robert Estienne and Claude Garamond . Johannes Philippus de Lignamine used small caps in the 1470s, but apparently was not copied at

2679-449: The time. Small capitals are not found in all font designs, as traditionally in printing they were primarily used within the body text of books and so are often not found in fonts that are not intended for this purpose, such as sans-serif types which historically were not preferred for book printing. Fonts in Use reports that Gert Wunderlich 's Maxima (1970), for Typoart , was "maybe

2736-403: The union after a majority card check . On May 30, 2023, Seven Seas Entertainment announced that they would begin publishing audiobooks under the new "Siren" imprint in the following month. In early 2021, it was found that Seven Seas Entertainment had been making alterations to their English translations of certain light novels. This resulted in multiple lines or paragraphs being altered for

2793-535: The web page presentation language CSS using font-variant : small-caps . For example, the HTML renders as Since CSS styles the text, and no actual case transformation is applied, readers are still able to copy the normally-capitalized plain text from the web page as rendered by a browser. CSS3 can specify OpenType small caps (given the smcp feature in the font replaces glyphs with proper small caps glyphs) by using font-variant-caps : small-caps , which

2850-524: The whole of their fonts." (Bold type did not appear until the nineteenth century.) In 1956, Hugh Williamson 's textbook Methods of Book Design noted that "one of the most conspicuous defects" of contemporary book faces was that they did not generally feature italic small capitals: "these would certainly be widely used if they were generally available". Exceptions available at the time were Linotype's Pilgrim , Janson and their release of Monotype Garamond , and from Monotype Romulus . More have appeared in

2907-462: The word Adonai in the original Hebrew, but the small caps " Lord " corresponds to the use of Yahweh in the original; in some versions the compound "Lord God " represents the Hebrew compound Adonai Yahweh . In zoological and botanical nomenclature, the small caps are occasionally used for genera and families. In computational complexity theory , a sub-field of computer science ,

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2964-414: Was criticized for its lackluster animation, but earned praise for its more focused story line. This second season was animated by Artland and featured a new staff, with Gunslinger Girl creator Yu Aida being fully involved as the project's chief writer and supervisor. FUNimation has also licensed the second season and is currently streaming subtitled episodes on its website as well as on Veoh , promising

3021-422: Was criticized for portraying Hiura – a feminine male character in the original – as a trans woman and removing the intent of it being a boys love story; Seven Seas Entertainment responded by revising this for future volumes and for reprints of volume 1. Seven Seas currently has six different age ratings for their titles (they previously had a single unified "Older Teens" rating for ages 16 and older, but that

3078-505: Was found that Seven Seas Entertainment had been making alteration to their English translations of certain light novels. On August 4, 2021, Seven Seas Entertainment began licensing Danmei novels from China , beginning with The Scum Villain's Self-Saving System , Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation , and Heaven Official's Blessing , all written by Mo Xiang Tong Xiu. On January 5, 2022, Seven Seas Entertainment began releasing Korean webtoons in print, beginning with PULSE , Love

3135-558: Was later aired in the United States on the Independent Film Channel in January 2007. In late 2004, Funimation Entertainment licensed the rights to release the first season of Gunslinger Girl across North America via a three-volume DVD series, releasing the last volume on September 6, 2005. On September 19, 2006, Funimation released the complete Gunslinger Girl series in a three-DVD box set, with another version released on December 11, 2007. FUNimation's release of

3192-420: Was released by Marvelous Entertainment. It contains various songs for each of the girls (sung by their respective voice actresses), as well as an instrumental for Pinocchio, extra songs by Josefa , and two other instrumentals. Revo of Sound Horizon wrote all the music and lyrics for the album. The cover art was drawn by Yu Aida. As of December 2012, the manga had over 3.9 million copies in circulation. In 2012,

3249-504: Was revealed that Seven Seas had hired the law firm of Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak & Stewart to represent them in their NLRB case with their employees. In response the United Workers of the Seven Seas tweeted out that Seven Seas had hired "the union-busting firm Ogletree Deakins" to counter their union efforts. On June 24, 2022, the United Workers of the Seven Seas announced that Seven Seas had agreed to voluntarily recognize

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