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30-967: Guodian may refer to: Guodian Chu Slips : a collection of classical Chinese texts found in the Guodian tombs in Jingmen, Hubei China Guodian Corporation : a state-owned power generation enterprise in China GD Power Development Company : a subsidiary and listed company of China Guodian Corporation Towns (郭店镇) Guodian, Xinzheng , in Xinzheng City, Henan Guodian, Fengxiang County , in Fengxiang County , Shaanxi Guodian, Jinan , in Licheng District, Jinan , Shandong Topics referred to by

60-584: A national public holiday in 2008. It has, however, come at the expense of more the critical scholarly appraisals of Qu Yuan's historicity and alleged body of work that had developed during the late Qing and early Republic . Popular legend has it that villagers carried their dumplings and boats to the middle of the river and desperately tried to save Qu Yuan after he immersed himself in the Miluo but were too late to do so. However, in order to keep fish and evil spirits away from his body, they beat drums and splashed

90-600: A water god , including by Taiwanese Taoists , who number him among the Kings of the Water Immortals . Qu Yuan began to be treated in a nationalist way as "China's first patriotic poet" during World War II . Wen Yiduo —a socialist poet and scholar later executed by the Chinese Nationalist Party —wrote in his Mythology & Poetry that, "although Qu Yuan did not write about the life of

120-675: A Chinese poet and aristocrat in the State of Chu during the Warring States period . He is known for his patriotism and contributions to classical poetry and verses , especially through the poems of the Chu Ci anthology (also known as The Songs of the South or Songs of Chu ): a volume of poems attributed to or considered to be inspired by his verse writing. Together with the Shi Jing ,

150-497: A number of contradictory details. The only surviving source of information on Qu Yuan's life is Sima Qian 's biography of him in Shiji , although the biography is circumstantial and probably influenced greatly by Sima's own identification with Qu. Sima wrote that Qu was a member of the Chu royal clan and served as an official under King Huai of Chu (reigned 328–299 BC). During

180-555: A person who was very familiar with Qu, his suicide was an ultimate way to protect his innocence and life principles. According to Li Yinhe , Qu Yuan is said to have expressed his love for the ruling monarch, King Huai of Chu , through several of this works, including " The Lament " and "Longing for Beauty". Qu Yuan is regarded as the first author of verse in China to have his name associated to his work, since prior to that time, poetic works were not attributed to any specific authors. He

210-524: A poem written in 174 BC by Jia Yi , an official from Luoyang who was slandered by jealous officials and banished to Changsha by Emperor Wen of Han . While traveling, he wrote a poem describing the similar fate of a previous "Qu Yuan." Eighty years later, the first known biography of Qu Yuan's life appeared in Han dynasty historian Sima Qian 's Records of the Grand Historian , though it contains

240-583: A rock. The reason why he took his life remained controversial and was argued by Chinese scholars for centuries. Typical explanations including martyrdom for his deeply beloved but falling motherland, which was suggested by the philosopher Zhu Xi of the Song dynasty, or feeling extreme despair to the situation of the politics in Chu while his lifelong political dream would never be realized. But according to " Yu Fu ," widely considered to be written by Qu himself or at least,

270-476: Is a well that is considered to be the original well from the time of Qu Yuan. In 278 BC, learning of the capture of his country's capital, Ying , by General Bai Qi of the state of Qin , Qu Yuan is said to have collected folktales and written the lengthy poem of lamentation called " Lament for Ying ". Eventually, he committed suicide by wading into the Miluo River in today's Hunan Province while holding

300-511: Is considered to have initiated the so-called sao style of verse, which is named after his work " Li Sao ," in which he abandoned the classic four-character verses used in poems of Shi Jing and adopted verses with varying lengths. This resulted in poems with more rhythm and latitude in expression. Qu Yuan is also regarded as one of the most prominent figures of Romanticism in Chinese classical literature, and his masterpieces influenced some of

330-480: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Guodian Chu Slips Tomb no. 1 is located in Jishan District's Guodian tomb complex, near Jingmen City in the village of Guodian. It is located just nine kilometers north of Ying , which was the ancient Chu capital from about 676 BC until 278 BC, before the State of Chu was overrun by Qin . Studies of

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360-543: The Chu Ci is one of the two greatest collections of ancient Chinese verse. He is also remembered in connection to the supposed origin of the Dragon Boat Festival . Historical details about Qu Yuan's life are few, and his authorship of many Chu Ci poems has been questioned at length. However, he is widely accepted to have written " The Lament ," a Chu Ci poem. The first known reference to Qu Yuan appears in

390-545: The People's Republic of China after the 1949 Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War . For example, one high-school Chinese textbook from 1957 began with the sentence "Qu Yuan was the first great patriotic poet in the history of our country's literature". This cult status increased Qu Yuan's position within China's literary canon, seeing him placed on postage stamps and the Dragon Boat Festival elevated to

420-525: The Shang dynasty and the Zhou dynasty empires. However, the Chu culture also retained certain characteristics of local traditions such as shamanism , the influence of which can be seen in the Chu Ci . The Chu Ci was compiled and annotated by Wang Yi (died AD 158), which is the source of transmission of these poems and any reliable information about them to subsequent times; thus, the role which Qu Yuan had in

450-403: The authoring, editing, or retouching of these works remains unclear. The Chu Ci poems are important as being direct precursors of the fu style of Han dynasty literature. The Chu Ci , as a preservation of early literature, has provided invaluable data for linguistic research into the history of the Chinese language, from Chen Di on. Following his suicide, Qu Yuan was sometimes revered as

480-662: The discovery of these texts in the same tomb has contributed fresh information for scholars studying the history of philosophical thought in ancient China. According to Gao Zheng from the Institute of Philosophy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences , the main part could have been teaching material used by the Confucianist Si Meng scholars of the Jixia Academy in the State of Qi . Qu Yuan , who

510-417: The dragon. These packages became a traditional food known as zongzi , although the lumps of rice are now wrapped in leaves instead of silk. The act of racing to search for his body in boats gradually became the cultural tradition of dragon boat racing, held on the anniversary of his death every year. Today, people still eat zongzi and participate in dragon boat races to commemorate Qu Yuan's sacrifice on

540-614: The earliest manuscripts of the received text of the Tao Te Ching , one chapter from the Classic of Rites , content from the Classic of History and other writings. After restoration, these texts were divided into eighteen sections, and have been transcribed into standard Chinese and published under the title Chu Bamboo Slips from Guodian in May 1998. The slip-texts include both Taoist and Confucian works, many previously unknown, and

570-515: The early days of King Huai's reign, Qu Yuan was serving the State of Chu as its Left Minister. However, King Huai exiled Qu Yuan to the region north of the Han River , because corrupt ministers slandered him and influenced the king. Eventually, Qu Yuan was reinstated and sent on a diplomatic mission to the State of Qi. He tried to resume relations between Chu and Qi, which King Huai had broken under

600-492: The false pretense of King Hui of Qin to cede territory near Shangyu. During King Qingxiang 's reign, Prime Minister Zilan slandered Qu Yuan. This caused Qu Yuan's exile to the regions south of the Yangtze River . It is said that Qu Yuan returned first to his home town. In his exile , he spent much of this time collecting legends and rearranging folk odes while traveling the countryside. Furthermore, he wrote some of

630-479: The fifth day of the fifth month of the traditional lunisolar Chinese calendar . The countries around China, such as Vietnam and Korea, also celebrate variations of this Dragon Boat Festival as part of their shared cultural heritage . China's interplanetary exploration program , Tianwen (Heavenly Questions) is named after a poem by Qu Yuan. The first mission to Mars, Tianwen-1 , was launched on July 23, 2020, and reached Mars on February 10, 2021. On Mar 14, 2021,

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660-529: The great Romanticist poets in the Tang dynasty. During the Han dynasty , Qu Yuan became established as a heroic example of how a scholar and official who was denied public recognition suitable to their worth should behave. Chu was located in what is now the Yangzi River area of central China . At this time, Chu represented the southern fringe of the Chinese cultural area, having for a time been part of both

690-559: The greatest poetry in Chinese literature and expressed deep concerns about his state. According to legend, his anxiety brought him to an increasingly troubled state of health. During his depression, he would often take walks near a certain well to look upon his thin and gaunt reflection in the water. This well became known as the "Face Reflection Well." On a hillside in Xiangluping (at present-day Zigui County , Hubei Province), there

720-475: The people or voice their sufferings, he may truthfully be said to have acted as the leader of a people's revolution and to have struck a blow to avenge them. Qu Yuan is the only person in the whole of Chinese history who is fully entitled to be called 'the people's poet'." Guo Moruo 's 1942 play Qu Yuan gave him similar treatment, drawing parallels to Hamlet and King Lear . Their view of Qu's social idealism and unbending patriotism became canonical under

750-570: The received text of the Tao Te Ching are given for each of the Guodian bundles. The Guodian texts correspond to 31 of the chapters (ranging from chapters 2–66) in the received text. Chapters 70–81 in the received text of the Tao Te Ching were possibly not yet composed at the time the Guodian slips were copied. Murphy (2006) suggests that the Guodian Tao Te Ching texts were selectively copied and thematically organized for

780-475: The ruling class, perhaps as teaching materials. The Guodian texts focus more on politics and virtue. In contrast, the Mawangdui Tao Te Ching texts focus more on cosmology and metaphysics. The Guodian texts contain many grammatical particles, such as 也 ( yě ), that are not present in the received text. Qu Yuan Qu Yuan ( c.  340 BC  – 278 BC) was

810-449: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Guodian . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guodian&oldid=978577750 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

840-504: The tomb's contents revealed its occupant to be an elderly noble scholar, and teacher to a royal prince. The prince has been identified as Crown Prince Heng, who later became King Qingxiang of Chu . Since King Qingxiang was the Chu king when Qin sacked their old capital Ying in 278 BC, the Chu slips are dated to around 300 BC. There are in total about 804 bamboo slips in this cache, including 702 strips and 27 broken strips. The bamboo slip texts consist of three major categories, which include

870-430: The water with their paddles, and they also threw rice into the water both as a food offering to Qu Yuan's spirit and also to distract the fish away from his body. However, the legend continues, that late one night, the spirit of Qu Yuan appeared before his friends and told them that he died because he had taken himself under the river. Then, he asked his friends to wrap their rice into three-cornered silk packages to ward off

900-649: Was sent as an envoy to Qi, might have taken them back to Chu. Recent scholarship has questioned the value of categorizing works that date prior to pre- Han as strictly Confucian or Taoist. These categories only appeared during the Han and do not relate in any meaningful way to Guodian. The diversity of views represented in the tomb is a perfect example of the blurring of these lines. There are three bundles of Guodian bamboo slips containing Tao Te Ching texts, namely bundles A, B, and C. Each bundle can be divided into three to five units. Below, corresponding chapter numbers in

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