Bluestone is a cultural or commercial name for a number of natural dimension or building stone varieties, including:
51-507: Dobama Theatre is located in Cleveland Heights , Ohio , United States. It was founded in 1959 by Donald and Marilyn Bianchi, Barry Silverman, and Mark Silverberg. The name Dobama was created from the first two letters of each man's name. The first play produced by Dobama Theatre was The Rope Dancers by Morton Wishengrod. After almost ten years as a nomadic theater company using various spaces around Cleveland, Dobama established
102-399: A city on August 9, 1921. Between 1920 and 1930, Cleveland Heights' population more than tripled. By 1960 it had a population of 61,813. In 1890, railroad baron Patrick Calhoun purchased 300 acres (1.2 km ) atop nearby Cedar Hill, and in 1893 established the planned community of Euclid Heights. In 1913, Barton R. Deming convinced Rockefeller to enter into a purchase agreement for
153-658: A local compact limestone) in many of the notable historic buildings in the southern South Island, most of which were constructed during the financial boom following the Otago gold rush . Prominent structures to use this combination include Otago University Registry Building , Dunedin Law Courts , and Dunedin Railway Station . Similar construction using Timaru bluestone was used for Christchurch Arts Centre . There are two distinct building materials called "bluestone" in
204-517: A number of places around the state. Bluestone is a very hard material and therefore difficult to work, so it was predominantly used for warehouses, miscellaneous walls, and the foundations of buildings. However, a number of significant bluestone buildings exist, including the Old Melbourne Gaol , Pentridge Prison , St Patrick's Cathedral , Victoria Barracks , Melbourne Grammar School , Deaf Children Australia and Victorian College for
255-601: A permanent home on Coventry Road in Cleveland Heights in 1968. From its origin, the artistic director was Donald Bianchi, though his wife Marilyn Bianchi was a strong artistic presence until her death in 1977. In 1976, one of the founders, Barry Silverman, assumed proprietorship of the Belfry Theater in Wisconsin for a few summer seasons under the name "Dobama West". From 1991 to the end of 2008, Dobama
306-532: A variety of building roles. Timaru bluestone (also known as Port Chalmers bluestone) is an attractive building material, used both historically and to the present. It is a grey basalt similar to Victorian bluestone, quarried near Timaru in the South Island. Bluestone from near Kokonga in Central Otago is also widely used, and is the main construction material (often with facing of Oamaru stone ,
357-760: Is Sylvia? , The Last Five Years , The Larame Project , Closer , Wit , How I Learned to Drive , All in the Timing , Top Girls , Marvin's Room , Speed the Plow , Cloud Nine , True West , Catch 22 , Roots , On the Verge , God of Carnage , 4000 Miles , The Flick, An Octoroon, Hand to God , and the first professional Cleveland production of Angels in America . Dobama Theatre is known for its annual Marilyn Bianchi Kids' Playwriting Festival , open to Cuyahoga County students in grades 1 through 12. Dating back to 1979, it
408-760: Is in Ohio's 11th congressional district , which is represented by Congresswoman Shontel Brown . Ohio's 11th congressional district was formerly represented by U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Marcia Fudge . In 2003, Cleveland Heights voters approved a referendum to establish Ohio's first domestic partnership registry. In 1987, the city of Cleveland Heights was declared a nuclear-free zone . Cleveland Heights has seven city parks: Barbara H. Boyd Park, Cain Park, Cumberland Park, Denison Park, Forest Hill Park , Kenilworth Park and Turtle Park. The Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority provides bus service in
459-477: Is laid in masonry with the mineralised surfaces exposed. Bluestone was most popular from about the 1850s to the 1920s, quarried in the Adelaide Hills at Dry Creek , O'Halloran Hill (formerly Tapley's Hill) and Glen Osmond , as well as a number of other places in rural areas. In Tasmania, the name bluestone is given to dolerite (diabase), which is a dominant stone variety in the landscape, and used in
510-500: Is located at 41°30′35″N 81°33′48″W / 41.50972°N 81.56333°W / 41.50972; -81.56333 (41.509652, -81.563301). According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 8.13 square miles (21.06 km ), of which 8.11 square miles (21.00 km ) is land and 0.02 square miles (0.05 km ) is water. Cleveland Heights is made up of three watersheds,
561-508: Is now the cities of East Cleveland and Cleveland Heights, with a water cure hotel, which he converted to a mansion for his family in East Cleveland. Eventually, some of the land, straddling both suburbs, was turned into residential developments, and, in 1938, the family donated land which is now Forest Hill Park . The development of electric streetcars made the development of suburbs far outside Cleveland's city limits practical for
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#1732788086169612-557: Is of particular value to the economy of Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania . The Starrucca Viaduct , finished in 1848, is an example of Pennsylvania bluestone as a building material. Bluestone is quarried in western New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and eastern New York. It is also quarried in the Canadian Appalachians near Deer Lake in Western Newfoundland. The Pennsylvania Bluestone Association has 105 members,
663-598: Is the oldest children's playwriting festival of its kind in the United States. Each year, the festival receives between four and five hundred plays, of which a small number are chosen for professional production. The winners see their plays performed at the annual festival performance in June. Cleveland Heights, Ohio Cleveland Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio , United States. The population
714-407: Is used as a road surfacing material. In South Australia , the name bluestone is given to a form of slate which is much less durable than Victorian bluestone, but was valued for its decorative appearance. The interior of the stone is usually pale grey or beige in colour, but is given attractively coloured surfaces by ferric oxide and other minerals deposited in joints and bedding planes. The slate
765-550: The 2008 presidential election , Barack Obama defeated John McCain 84.2%-15.0% while winning the state, while in the 2004 presidential election , John Kerry defeated George W. Bush 80.8%-18.8% in the city but was unable to win the state. In 2012, every precinct in the city was carried by Barack Obama. Even in 2016 and 2020, as Ohio as a whole became more Republican, Cleveland Heights voted strongly Democratic; Hillary Clinton defeated Donald Trump 83.9%-11.4% and Joe Biden defeated Donald Trump 85.1%-13.1%. Cleveland Heights
816-623: The Acadian Mountains ("Ancestral Appalachians"). This delta ran in a narrow band from southwest to northeast and today provides the bluestone quarried from the Catskill Mountains and Northeastern Pennsylvania . The term "bluestone" is derived from a deep-blue-colored sandstone first found in Ulster County, New York . It can, however, appear in many other hues, mostly shades of grays and browns. Bluestone quarrying
867-664: The Preseli Hills , about 250 km (150 miles) away in Wales , either through glaciation ( glacial erratic theory) or through humans organizing their transportation. A summary of the major aspects of the Stonehenge "bluestone conundrum" was published in 2008. In 2018 a book devoted specifically to the problem of bluestone provenance and transport concluded that the Stonehenge bluestones are essentially an ill-sorted assemblage of glacial erratics. Much further research into
918-712: The Tudor Revival style that are now known as the Stadium Square Historic District . In the 1950s, Cleveland Heights saw the influx of many merchant class and professional Jewish people leaving Cleveland, particularly the Hough and Glenville neighborhoods. In 1961, 35% of the Jewish population of Cuyahoga County lived in Cleveland Heights. Although the Black population of Cleveland Heights
969-536: The "foreign," not intrinsic, stones and rock debris at Stonehenge . It is a "convenience" label rather than a geological term, since at least 46 different rock types are represented. One of the most common rocks in the assemblage is known as Preseli Spotted Dolerite—a chemically altered igneous rock containing spots or clusters of secondary minerals replacing plagioclase feldspar . It is a medium grained dark and heavy rock, harder than granite. Preseli bluestone tools, such as axes, have been discovered elsewhere within
1020-658: The 141 acres (0.57 km ) formerly leased to the Euclid Golf Club of Euclid Heights, which resulting in the founding of the B.R. Deming Company to develop the Euclid Golf Allotment . The Euclid Golf Allotment was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002. In November 1926, the establishment of a new business district on Taylor Road was announced. This resulted in numerous residential homes and mixed-use structures built in
1071-416: The 20,053 households, 22.5% had children under the age of 18; 32.9% were married couples living together; 38.1% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 38.8% of households consisted of individuals and 14.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.3 and the average family size was 3.1. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher
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#17327880861691122-555: The 2014–15 season. Dobama is now recognized as the region's professional Off-Broadway theatre. Since its founding, Dobama has been known for producing alternative work that would not otherwise be seen in Cleveland. This ranges from their initial production in 1959 to a staging of The Iceman Cometh by Eugene O'Neill and their many productions of new and Off-Broadway work. Notable plays that have seen their Cleveland premiere at Dobama Theatre include The Pillowman , The Goat or Who
1173-578: The British Isles. Many of them appear to have been made in or near Stonehenge, since there are petrographic similarities with some of the spotted dolerites there. The bluestones at Stonehenge were first used there during the third phase of construction at Stonehenge around 2300 BC. It is assumed that there were about 80 monoliths originally, but this has never been proven since only 43 remain. The stones are estimated to weigh between 2 and 4 tons each. The majority of them are believed to have come from
1224-545: The Cleveland Heights city charter specified a council–manager form of government, with seven members of council elected to four-year terms. On November 5, 2019, Cleveland Heights voters approved an amendment to the city's charter to become a strong Mayor-Council form of government with the Mayor serving as the city's chief executive. Under the amended Charter, in November 2021, Cleveland Heights voters cast ballots for Mayor for
1275-685: The Deaf , Vision Australia , the Goldsbrough Mort warehouses ( Bourke Street ) and the Timeball Tower at Williamstown , as well as St Mary's Basilica in Geelong . Some examples of other major structures that use bluestone include Princes Bridge , the adjacent Federation Wharf, and Hawthorn Bridge . Because of its distinctive qualities, post-modern Melbourne buildings have also made use of bluestone for nostalgic reasons. They include
1326-772: The Doan Brook Watershed, the Dugway Brook Watershed , and the Nine Mile Creek Watershed. Approximately 50% of Cleveland Heights is part of the Dugway Brook Watershed. The 2020 United States census counted 45,312 people, 20,053 households, and 10,489 families in Cleveland Heights. The population density was 5,618.4 per square mile (2,169.2/km ). There were 22,270 housing units at an average density of 2,761.3 per square mile (1,066.1/km ). The racial makeup
1377-683: The Southgate complex and the promenade in Southbank, Victoria . Bluestone was used extensively as cobblestone , and for kerbs and gutters, many examples of which still exist in Melbourne's smaller city lanes, and 19th-century inner-suburban streets and lanes. Crushed bluestone aggregate , known as "blue metal" (or "bluemetal"), is used extensively in Victoria as railway ballast , as road base , and in making concrete. Combined with bitumen , it
1428-526: The Stonehenge site, but no such bluestones (apart from fragments) have been found. The archaeological find of the Boscombe Bowmen has been cited in support of the human transport theory. Preseli Bluestone dolerite axe heads have been found around the Preseli Hills as well, indicating that there was a population who knew how to work with the stones, In 2015, researchers claimed that some of
1479-647: The United States, one of which is also found in Canada. Bluestone from Pennsylvania and New York is a sandstone defined as feldspathic greywacke . The sand-sized grains from which bluestone is constituted were deposited in the Catskill Delta during the Middle to Upper Devonian Period of the Paleozoic Era , approximately 370 to 345 million years ago. The Catskill Delta was created from runoff from
1530-563: The age of 18 and 9.2% of those ages 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 46,238 people, 19,957 households, and 10,834 families residing in the city. The population density was 5,686.9 inhabitants per square mile (2,195.7/km ). There were 22,465 housing units at an average density of 2,770.0 per square mile (1,069.5/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 49.8% White , 42.5% African American , 0.2% Native American , 4.1% Asian , 0.6% from other races , and 2.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.0% of
1581-427: The city was $ 31,663. About 19.3% of individuals were below the poverty line. Coventry Village is a commercial business district in Cleveland Heights situated on Coventry Road. Coventry is associated with Northeast Ohio 's artistic, musical, bohemian , hippie and emerging hipster communities. Cleveland Heights is governed by a city charter adopted in 1921 and amended in 1972, 1982, 1986 and 2019. Until 2019,
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1632-458: The city, including Beaumont School , Lutheran High School East , Horizon Montessori , Ruffing Montessori , Hebrew Academy of Cleveland , Communion of Saints School , Mosdos Ohr Hatorah , and Yeshiva of Cleveland . Official website [REDACTED] Bluestone It is unrelated to human-made blue brick . The term "bluestone" in Britain is used in a loose sense to cover all of
1683-687: The city. Public education in the city of Cleveland Heights is provided by two school districts. Most of the city is served by the Cleveland Heights-University Heights City School District , which includes six elementary schools within city limits, as well as two middle schools and Cleveland Heights High School . A small portion located on the northwest side of the city lies within the East Cleveland City School District . Several private schools are located within
1734-684: The company's third artistic director, Joel Hammer. The theatre's current artistic director Nathan Motta took over artistic duties on February 15, 2013, having previously directed the Cleveland premiere production of A Bright New Boise at Dobama. Motta was also the founder of the Dobama Emerging Actors Program, a summer training intensive for high school and college theatre students, where he directed productions of Blood Wedding , Antigone , and The Tempest . Dobama Theatre became Northeast Ohio's third Equity Theatre, and only Equity Small Professional Theatre (SPT) beginning
1785-461: The first time in the 1890s. About 1890, a town center began forming at what is now the intersection of Mayfield and Superior roads. The population of the area encompassed by Cleveland Heights voted in August 1900 to incorporate under state law as a hamlet. The population of about 1,500 grew quickly, and in 1903 incorporated as a village. It had a population of 15,396 in 1920 and was incorporated as
1836-422: The first time. Kahlil Seren was elected to be Cleveland Heights' first directly elected mayor, and was sworn in on January 1, 2022. The current city council is composed of Vice President Craig Cobb, President Melody Joy Hart, Davida Russell, Tony Cuda, Janine Boyd , Anthony Mattox, Jr., and Gail Larson. Cleveland Heights is reliably Democratic . Six of the seven current members of council are Democrats. In
1887-474: The inner northern suburbs, such as Clifton Hill , Brunswick and Coburg , where the quarry used to source the stone for Pentridge Prison is now Coburg Lake. Bluestone was also sourced in many other regions of the Victorian volcanic plains, and used in towns and cities in the state's central and western regions, including Ballarat , Geelong , Kyneton , Port Fairy and Portland . It is still quarried at
1938-426: The land was divided into farms, but it also had quarries in the 19th century. One of the early quarries was established by Duncan McFarland who mined bluestone . This led to the settlement that grew up around the quarry for the workers to live in to be referred to as Bluestone. There is still a road of this name in that area. In 1873, business magnate John D. Rockefeller acquired about 700 acres (280 ha) in what
1989-422: The median household income was $ 59,086 (with a margin of error of +/- $ 2,897) and the median family income was $ 77,877 (+/- $ 6,920). Males had a median income of $ 41,404 (+/- $ 2,587) versus $ 31,449 (+/- $ 1,383) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $ 35,111 (+/- $ 2,762). Approximately, 12.0% of families and 18.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 25.4% of those under
2040-565: The origin of the bluestones has been published between 2012 and 2022 particularly by geologists Richard Bevins and Rob Ixer. If a glacier transported the stones, then it must have been the Irish Sea Glacier . In support of the glacial erratic theory, researchers reporting in 2015 found no firm evidence of quarrying at Rhosyfelin in the Preselis. However, in such event, one might expect to find other bluestone boulders or slabs near
2091-443: The population. There were 19,957 households, of which 26.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.6% were married couples living together, 15.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.7% were non-families. 36.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
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2142-462: The stones at Stonehenge came from Neolithic quarries at Carn Goedog and Craig Rhos-y-felin in the Preseli Hills. The quarrying hypothesis has been hotly disputed by Brian John, Dyfed Elis-Gruffydd and John Downes, whose own detailed research led to the conclusion that the so-called quarrying features were all natural, created over a long period of glacial and periglacial landscape change. Further, no independent evidence has ever been found to support
2193-538: The thesis of long overland or sea transport of Preseli bluestones from Wales to Salisbury Plain. There are three distinct building materials called "bluestone" in Australia. In Victoria , what is known as bluestone is a basalt or olivine basalt. It was one of the favoured building materials during the Victorian Gold Rush period of the 1850s. In Melbourne , it was extracted from quarries throughout
2244-547: The vast majority of them quarriers. The other, lesser known, type of American "bluestone" is a blue-tinted limestone abundant in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia . It is a limestone formed during the Ordovician Period approximately 450 to 500 million years ago, at the bottom of a relatively shallow ocean that covered what is today Rockingham County, Virginia . The limestone that accumulated there
2295-423: Was 2.27 and the average family size was 3.05. The median age in the city was 35.8 years. 22.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.9% were from 25 to 44; 25.9% were from 45 to 64; and 13.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.6% male and 53.4% female. The median income for a household in the city was $ 53,024. The per capita income for
2346-499: Was 45,312 at the 2020 census . One of Cleveland 's historic streetcar suburbs , it was founded as a village in 1903 and a city in 1921. The area that is now the city of Cleveland Heights lies atop the Portage Escarpment . Until the late 1800s, the area remained largely timber and farmland, with a few orchards, quarries, and vineyards. The first road through the city, Mayfield Road, was not built until 1828. Some of
2397-405: Was 46.33% (20,993) white or European American (45.63% non-Hispanic white ), 41.3% (18,713) black or African-American , 0.16% (73) Native American or Alaska Native , 5.05% (2,288) Asian , 0.02% (7) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian , 1.41% (639) from other races , and 5.74% (2,599) from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race was 3.39% (1,536) of the population. Of
2448-447: Was darker in color than most other limestone deposits because it was in deeper waters exposed to less light. The darker blue color resulted in limestone from this region being dubbed "bluestone" and with two sequences measuring about 10,000 feet (3,000 m) thick, it gives the area one of the largest limestone deposits in the world. The stone eventually fades from a deep blue to a light grey after prolonged exposure to sun and rain. Given
2499-420: Was estimated to be 41.7% of the population. 20.4% of the population was under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 18.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 118.7 males. The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that
2550-411: Was less than 1% in 1960, partially due to restrictive covenants, Black Clevelanders began to move into Cleveland Heights in the 1960s and 1970s. This led to violence and pushback from some white citizens. However, organizations such as Heights Citizens For Human Rights and Heights Community Congress formed to protest violence against Black citizens, and promote integration in the city. Cleveland Heights
2601-628: Was managed by artistic director Joyce Casey, who made Dobama a "leading producer of new and recent plays". In 2005, Dobama was evicted from the Coventry neighborhood, resuming a nomadic existence, and producing shows at various locations, including the Cleveland Play House . On September 25, 2009, Dobama inaugurated a new, permanent location at the Cleveland Heights Public Library facility, stewarded by
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